Primary-productivity gradients and short-term population dynamics in open systems

Ecological Monographs

Volumn 67, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 535-553

  Nisbet, R M ^a   Diehl, S ^a,b   Wilson, W G ^a,c   Cooper, S D ^a   Donalson, D D ^a   Kratz, K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^c DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Discrete grazer model; Food chain dynamics; Grazers; Individual based models; Population dynamics in open systems; Primary producers; Primary productivity gradients; Trophic and behavioral dynamics

Indexed keywords

ECOSYSTEM MODELING; FOOD CHAIN; POPULATION DYNAMICS; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; TEMPORAL VARIATION;

EID: 0031391732     PISSN: 00129615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0535:PPGAST]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Abrams, P. A. 1984. Foraging time optimization and interactions in food webs. The American Naturalist 124:80-96.
2. _. 1989. Decreasing functional responses as a result of adaptive consumer behavior. Evolutionary Ecology 3:95-114.
3. _. 1990. Mixed responses to resource densities and their implications for character displacement. Evolutionary Ecology 4:93-102.
4. _. 1992. Predators that benefit prey and prey that harm predators: unusual effects of interacting foraging adaptations. American Naturalist 140:573-600.
5. Abrams, P. A., and J. Roth. 1994a. The responses of unstable food chains to enrichment. Evolutionary Ecology 8:150-171.
6. Abrams, P. A., and J. D. Roth. 1994b. The effects of enrichment on three-species food chains with nonlinear functional responses. Ecology 75:11 18-1130.
7. Andersson, K. G., C. Bronmark, J. Hermann, B. Malmqvist, C. Otto, and P. Sjöström. 1986. Presence of sculpins (Cottus gobio) reduces drift and activity of Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda). Hydrobiologia 133:209-215.
8. Bechara, J. A., G. Moreau, and L. Hare. 1993. The impact of brook trout (Salve linus fontinalis) on an experimental stream benthic community: the role of spatial and size refuge. Journal of Animal Ecology 62:451-464.
9. Charnov, E. L. 1976. Optional foraging, the marginal value theorem. Theoretical Population Biology 9:129-136.
10. Chattield, C. 1975. The analysis of time series: theory and practice. Chapman & Hall, London, England.
11. Cooper, S. D., S. J. Walde, and B. L. Peckarsky. 1990. Prey exchange rates and the impact of predators on prey populations in streams. Ecology 71:1503-1514.
12. Cooper, S. D., L. Barmuta, O. Sarnelle, K. Kratz, and S. Diehl. 1997a. Quantifying spatial heterogeneity in streams. Journal of The North American Benthological Society 16:174-188.
13. Cooper, S. D., S. Diehl, K. Kratz, and O. Sarnelle. 1997b. Implication of scale for patterns and processes in stream ecology. Australian Journal of Ecology, in press.
14. Dahl, J., and L. Greenberg. 1996. Impact on stream benthic prey by benthic vs. drift feeding predators: a meta-analysis. Oikos 77:177-181.
15. de Roos, A. M. 1997. A gentle introduction to models of physiologically structured populations. Pages 119-204 in S. Tuljapurkar and H. Caswell, editors. Structured population models. Chapman & Hall, New York, New York, USA.
16. de Roos, A. M., J. A. J. Metz, E. Evers, and A. Leipoldt. 1990. A size-dependent prey-predator interaction: who pursues whom? Journal of Mathematical Biology 28:609-643.
17. Douglas, P. L., G. E. Forrester, and S. D. Cooper. 1994. Effects of trout on the diel periodicity of drifting in baetid mayflies. Oecologia 98:48-56.
18. Downes, B. J., P. S. Lake, and E. S. G. Schreiber. 1993. Spatial variation in the distribution of stream invertebrates: implications of patchiness for models of community organization. Freshwater Biology 30:119-132.
19. Downes, B. J., P. S. Lake, and E. S. G. Schreiber. 1995. Habitat structure and invertebrate assemblages on stream stones: a multivariate view from the riffle. Australian Journal of Ecology 20:502-514.
20. Durrett, R., and S. A. Levin. 1994. Stochastic spatial models -a user's guide to ecological applications. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 343:329-350.
21. Elwood, J. W., J. D. Newbold, A. F. Trimble, and R. W. Stark. 1981. The limiting role of phosphorus in a woodland stream ecosystem: effects of P enrichment on leaf decomposition and primary producers. Ecology 62:146-158.
22. Forrester, G. E. 1994. Influences of predatory fish on the drift dispersal and local density of stream insects. Ecology 75: 1208-1218.
23. Fretwell, S. D., and H. L. Lucas. 1970. On territorial behavior and other factors influencing habitat distribution in birds. I. Theoretical development. Acta Biotheoretica 19:16-36.
24. Gaines, S. D., and M. Bertness. 1993. The dynamics of juvenile dispersal: why ecologists must integrate. Ecology 74: 2430-2435.
25. Gilliam, J. F., and D. F. Fraser. 1988. Resource depletion and habitat segregation by competitors under predation hazard. Pages 173-184 in B. Ebenman and L. Persson, editors. Size-structured populations: ecology and evolution. Springer, Berlin, Germany.
26. Hart, D. D., and C. T. Robinson. 1990. Resource limitation in a stream community: phosphorus enrichment effects on periphyton and grazers. Ecology 71:1494-1502.
27. Hastings, A. 1991. Structured models of metapopulation dynamics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 42:57-71.
28. Hastings, A., and T. Powell. 1991. Chaos in a three-species food chain. Ecology 72:896-903.
29. Hershey, A. E., J. Pastor, B. J. Peterson, and G. W. Kling. 1993. Stable isotopes resolve the drift paradox for Baetis mayflies in an arctic river. Ecology 74:2315-2325.
30. Hill, W. R., H. L. Boston, and A. D. Steinman. 1992. Grazers and nutrients simultaneously limit lotic primary productivity. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49:504-512.
31. Hill, W. R., and B. C. Harvey. 1990. Periphyton responses to higher trophic levels and light in a shaded stream. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47:2307-2314.
32. Hugie, D. M., and L. M. Dill. 1994. Fish and game - a game theoretic approach to habitat selection by predators and prey. Journal of Fish Biology 45:151-169.
33. Kohler, S. L. 1985. Identification of stream drift mechanisms: an experimental and observational approach. Ecology 66: 1749-1761.
34. _. 1992. Competition and the structure of a benthic stream community. Ecological Monographs 62:165-188.
35. Kohler, S. L., and M. A. McPeek. 1989. Predation risk and the foraging behavior of competing stream insects. Ecology 70:1811-1825.
36. Kratz, K. W. 1996. Effects of stoneflies on local prey populations: mechanisms of impact across prey density. Ecology 77:1573-1585.
37. Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology 73:1943-1967.
38. Malmqvist, B., and P. Sjöström. 1987. Stream drift as a consequence of disturbance by invertebrate predators: field and laboratory experiments. Oecologia 74:396-403.
39. May, R. M. 1977. Thresholds and breakpoints in ecosystems with a multiplicity of stable states. Nature (London) 269: 471-477.
40. McAuliffe, J. R. 1984. Competition for space, disturbance, and the structure of a benthic stream community. Ecology 65:894-908.
41. McCauley, E., W. G. Wilson, and A. M. de Roos. 1993. Dynamics of age-structured and spatially structured predator-prey interactions: Individual-based models and population-level formulations. American Naturalist 142:412-442.
42. Metz, J. A. J., and O. Diekmann. 1986. The dynamics of physiologically structured populations. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
43. Murdoch, W. W. 1994. Population regulation in theory and practice. Ecology 75:271-287.
44. Nisbet, R. M., and W. S. C. Gurney. 1982. Modelling fluctuating populations. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England.
45. Noy-Meir, I. 1975. Stability of grazing systems: an application of predator-prey graphs. Journal of Ecology 63:459-481.
46. Oksanen, L., S. D. Fretwell, J. Arruda, and P. Niemela. 1981. Exploitation ecosystems in gradients of primary productivity. American Naturalist 118:240-261.
47. Oksanen, T., M. E. Power, and L. Oksanen. 1995. Ideal free habitat selection and consumer-resource dynamics. American Naturalist 146:565-585.
48. Pacala, S. W., and J. A. Silander. 1990. Field tests of neighborhood population dynamic models of two annual weed species. Ecological Monographs 60:113-134.
49. Peckarsky, B. L. 1988. Why predaceous stoneflies do not aggregate with their prey. Internationale Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, Verhandlungen 23: 2135-2140.
50. Perrin, C. J., M. L. Bothwell, and P. A. Slaney. 1987. Experimental enrichment of a coastal stream in British Columbia: effects of organic and inorganic additions on autotrophic periphyton production. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44:1247-1256.
51. Peterson, B. J., L. Deegan, J. Helfrich, J. E. Hobbie, M. Hullar, B. Moller, T. E. Ford, A. Hershey, A. Hiltner, G. Kipphult, M. A. Lock, D. M. Fiebig, V. McKinley, M. C. Miller, J. R. Vestal, R. Ventullo, and G. Volk. 1993. Biological responses of a tundra river to fertilization. Ecology 74:653-672.
52. Power, M. E. 1984. Habitat quality and the distribution of algae-grazing catfish in a Panamanian stream. Journal of Animal Ecology 53:357-374.
53. Richards, C., and G. W. Minshall. 1988. The influence of periphyton abundance on Baetis bicaudatus distribution and colonization in a small stream. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 7:77-86.
54. Richardson, J. S. 1991. Seasonal food limitation of detritivores in a montane stream: an experimental test. Ecology 72:873-887.
55. Rosemund, A. D. 1993. Interactions among irradiance, nutrients, and herbivores constrain a stream algal community. Oecologia 94:585-594.
56. Rosemund, A. D., P. J. Mulholland, and J. W. Elwood. 1993 Top-down and bottom-up control of stream periphyton: effects of nutrients and herbivores. Ecology 74:1264-1280.
57. Rosenzweig, M. L. 1971. Paradox of enrichment: destabilization of exploitation ecosystems in ecological time. Science 171:385-387.
58. Rosenzweig, M. L., and R. H. MacArthur. 1963. Graphical representation and stability conditions for predator-prey interactions. American Naturalist 97:209-223.
59. Ross, A. H., W. S. C. Gurney, and M. R. Heath. 1994. A comparative study of the ecosystem dynamics of four fjords. Limnology and Oceanography 39:318-343.
60. Ross, A. H., W. S. C. Gurney, M. R. Heath, S. J. Hay, and E. W. Henderson. 1993. A strategic simulation model of a fjord ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography 38:128-153.
61. Sarnelle, O. 1992. Nutrient enrichment and grazer effects on phytoplankton in lakes. Ecology 73:551-560.
62. Schmitt, R. 1996. Exploitation competition in mobile grazers: trade-offs in use of a limited resource. Ecology 77:408-425.
63. Scrimgeour, G. J., J. M. Culp, M. L. Bothwell, F. J. Wrona, and M. H. McKee. 1991. Mechanisms of algal patch depletion: importance of consumptive and nonconsumptive losses in mayfly-diatom systems. Oecologia 85:343-348.
64. Sih, A., B. Kats, and R. D. Moore. 1992. Effects of predatory sunfish on the density, drift, and refuge use of stream salamander larvae. Ecology 73:1418-1430.
65. Sinsabaugh, R. L., T. Weiland, and A. E. Linkins. 1991. Epilithon patch structure in a boreal river. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 10:419-429.
66. Smith, F. E. 1969. Effects of enrichment in mathematical models. Pages 631-645 in Eutrophication: causes, consequences, correctives. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.
67. Stewart, A. J. 1987. Responses of stream algae to grazing minnows and nutrients: a field test for interactions. Oecologia 72:1-7.
68. Stockner, J. G., and K. R. S. Shortread. 1978. Enhancement of autotrophic production by nutrient addition in a coastal rainforest stream on Vancouver Island. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 35:28-34.
69. Townsend, C. R., and A. G. Hildrew. 1976. Field experiments on the drifting, colonization and continuous redistribution of stream benthos. Journal of Animal Ecology 45:759-772.
70. Walde, S. J., and R. W. Davies. 1984. Responses of lotic prey populations to an invertebrate predator: evaluation of in situ enclosure/exclosure experiments. Ecology 65:1206-1213.
71. Wolff, W. F. 1988. Microinteractive predator-prey simulations. Pages 285-308 in W. F. Wolff, C.-J. Soeder, and F. Drepper, editors. Research reports in physics. Ecodynamics: contributions to theoretical ecology. Proceedings of an international workshop, held at the Nuclear Research Centre, Julicn, Germany, 19-20 October 1987. Springer Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
72. Wooster, D., and A. Sih. 1995. A review of the drift and activity responses of stream prey to predator presence. Oikos 73:3-8.
73. Wootton, J. T., and M. E. Power. 1993. Productivity, consumers, and the structure of a river food chain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 90:1384-1387.