Turbulent kinetic energy budgets from a large-eddy simulation of airflow above and within a forest canopy

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 84, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 23-43

  Dwyer, Michael J ^a,b   Patton, Edward G ^b   Shaw, Roger H ^b  

^a Offutt AFB   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Canopy; Large eddy simulation; Turbulent kinetic energy

Indexed keywords

AIR FLOW; MODELING; TURBULENCE;

AIR FLOW; LARGE-EDDY; MODELING; TURBULENCE;

EID: 0031391476     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1000301303543     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Andren, A., Brown, A. R., Graf, J., Mason, P. J., Moeng, C.-H., Nieuwstadt, F. T. M., and Schumann, U.: 1994, 'Large-Eddy Simulation of a Neutrally Stratified Boundary Layer: A Comparison of Four Computer Codes', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 120, 1457-1484.
2. Brunet, Y., Finnigan, J. J., and Raupach, M. R.: 1994, 'A Wind Tunnel Study of Air Flow in Waving Wheat: Single Point Velocity Measurements', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 70, 95-132.
3. Deardorff, J. W.: 1980, 'Stratocumulus-Capped Mixed Layers Derived From a Three-Dimensional Model', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 18, 495-527.
4. Fox, D. G. and Orzag, S. A.: 1973, 'Pseudospectral Approximation to Two-Dimensional Turbulence', J. Comput. Phys. 11, 612-619.
5. Holland, J. Z.: 1989, 'On Pressure-Driven Wind in Deep Forests', J. Appl. Meteorol. 28, 1349-1355.
6. Kaimal, J. C. and Finnigan, J. J.: 1994, Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows: Their Structure and Measurement, Oxford University Press, New York, 289 pp.
7. Kanda, M. and Hino, M.: 1994, 'Organized Structures in Developing Turbulent Flow Within and Above a Plant Canopy, Using a Large Eddy Simulation', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 68, 237-257.
8. Leclerc, M. Y., Beissner, K. C., Shaw, R. H., den Hartog, G., and Neumann, H. H.: 1990, 'The Influence of Atmospheric Stability on the Budgets of the Reynolds Stress and Turbulent Kinetic Energy Within and Above a Deciduous Forest', J. Appl. Meteorol. 29, 916-933.
9. Lesnik, G. E.: 1974, 'Results of Measurement of Turbulent Energy Balance Components in a Layer of Vegetation', Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys. 10, 652-655.
10. Maitani, T. and Seo, T.: 1985, 'Estimates of Velocity-Pressure and Velocity-Pressure Gradient Interactions in the Surface Layer Over Plant Canopies', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 33, 51-60.
11. Mason, P. J.: 1989, 'Large-Eddy Simulation of the Convective Boundary Layer', J. Atmos. Sci. 46, 1492-1516.
12. Mason, P. J.: 1994, 'Large-Eddy Simulation: A Critical Review of the Technique', Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 120, 1-26.
13. McBean, G. A. and Elliott, J. A.: 1975, 'The Vertical Transports of Kinetic Energy and Pressure in the Boundary Layer', J. Atmos. Sci. 32, 753-766.
14. Meyers, T. P. and Baldocchi, D. D.: 1991, 'The Budgets of Turbulent Kinetic Energy and Reynolds Stress Within and Above a Deciduous Forest', Agric. For. Meteorol. 53, 207-222.
15. Meyers, T. P. and Paw U, K. T.: 1986, 'Testing of a Higher-Order Closure Model for Flow Within and Above Plant Canopies', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 37, 297-311.
16. Meyers, T. P. and Paw U, K. T.: 1987, 'Modeling the Plant Canopy Micrometeorology with Higher-Order Closure Principles', Agric. For. Meteorol. 41, 143-163.
17. Moeng, C.-H.: 1984, 'A Large-Eddy Simulation Model for the Study of Planetary Boundary-Layer Turbulence', J. Atmos. Sci. 41, 2052-2062.
18. Moeng, C.-H. and Wyngaard, J. C.: 1988, 'Spectral Analysis of Large-Eddy Simulations of the Convective Boundary Layer', J. Atmos. Sci. 45, 3573-3587.
19. Moeng, C.-H. and Wyngaard, J. C.: 1989, 'Evaluation of Turbulent Transport and Dissipation Closures in Second-Order Modeling', J. Atmos. Sci. 46, 2311-2333.
20. Nieuwstadt, F. T. M., Mason, P. J., Moeng, C.-H., and Schumann, U.: 1993, 'Large-eddy Simulation of the Convective Boundary Layer: A Comparison of Four Computer Codes', in F. Durst, R. Friedrich, B. E. Launder, F. W. Schmidt, U. Schumann and J. H. Whitelaw (eds.), Turbulent Shear Flows 8, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 343-367.
21. Patton, E. G., Shaw, R. H., Paw U, K. T., and Moeng, C.-H.: 1994, 'A Comparison of Two Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Flow Above and Within a Forest Canopy', in Proc. Twenty-First Conf. of the Amer. Meteorol. Soc. on Agricultural and Forest Meteorol., San Diego, California, pp. 88-91.
22. Raupach, M. R., Coppin, P. A., and Legg, B. J.: 1986, 'Experiments on Scalar Dispersion Within a Model Plant Canopy. Part I: The Turbulence Structure', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 35, 21-52.
23. Raupach, M. R. and Shaw, R. H.: 1982, 'Averaging Procedures for Flow Within Vegetation Canopies', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 22, 79-90.
24. Shaw, R. H., den Hartog, G., and Neumann, H. H.: 1988, 'Influence of Foliar Density and Thermal Stability on Profiles of Reynolds Stress and Turbulence Intensity in a Deciduous Forest', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 45, 391-409.
25. Shaw, R. H., Paw U, K. T., Zhang, X. J., Gao, W., den Hartog, G., and Neumann, H.H.: 1990, 'Retrieval of Turbulent Pressure Fluctuations at the Ground Surface Beneath a Forest', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 50, 319-338.
26. Shaw, R. H. and Schumann, U.: 1992, 'Large-Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow Above and Within a Forest', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 61, 47-64.
27. Shaw, R. H. and Seginer, I.: 1985, 'The Dissipation of Turbulence in Plant Canopies', in 7th Symp. of the Amer. Meteorol. Soc. on Turbulence and Diffusion, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 200-203.
28. Shaw, R. H. and Zhang, X. J.: 1992, 'Evidence of Pressure-Forced Flow in a Forest', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 58, 47-64.
29. Sigmon, J. T., Knoerr, K. R., and Shaughnessy, E. J.: 1983, 'Microscale Pressure Fluctuations in a Mature Deciduous Forest', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 27, 345-358.
30. Wilson, J. D.: 1988, 'A Second-Order Closure Model for Flow Through Vegetation', Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 42, 371-392.
31. Wilson, N. R. and Shaw, R. H.: 1977, 'A Higher Order Closure Model for Canopy Flow', J. Appl. Meteorol. 16, 1197-1205.
32. Zhuang, Y. and Amiro, B. D.: 1994, 'Pressure Fluctuations During Coherent Motions and Their Effects on the Budgets of Turbulent Kinetic Energy and Momentum Flux Within a Forest Canopy', J. Appl. Meteorol. 33, 704-711.