Efficient full-colour electroluminescence and stimulated emission with polyphenylenes

Synthetic Metals

Volumn 91, Issue 1-3, 1997, Pages 41-47

  Leising, G ^a   Tasch, S ^a   Brandstatter C ^a   Graupner, W ^a   Hampel, S ^a   List, E J W ^a   Meghdadi, F ^a   Zenz, C ^a   Schlichting, P ^b   Rohr, U ^b   Geerts, Y ^b   Scherf, U ^b   Mullen K ^b  

^a GRAZ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR POLYMER RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Full colour electroluminescence; Polyphenylene; Stimulated emission

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC POLYMERS; DISPLAY DEVICES; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; LIGHT EMITTING DIODES; OPTICAL PUMPING; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; POLYMER BLENDS;

STIMULATED EMISSION;

SEMICONDUCTING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

EID: 0031361440     PISSN: 03796779     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0379-6779(97)03972-6     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. C.W. Tang and S.A. VanSlyke, Appl. Phys. Lett., 51 (1987) 913.
2. C. Adachi, S. Tokito, T. Tsutsui and S. Saito, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 27 (1988) L269.
3. J.H. Burroughes et al., Nature, 347 (1990) 530.
4. D. Braun and A.J. Heeger, Appl, Phys, Lett., 58 (1991) 1982.
5. G. Grem, G. Leditzky, B. Ullrich and G. Leising, Adv. Mater., 4 (1992) 36.
6. M. Berggren, M. Granström, O. Inganäs and M. Andersson, Adv. Mater., 7 (1995) 900.
7. G. Leising, Phys. Bl., 49 (1993) 510.
8. S.R. Forrest, P.E. Burrows and M.E. Thompson, Laser Focus World, (Feb.) (1995) 99.
9. V. Bulovic, G. Gu, P.E. Burrows, S.R. Forrest and M.E. Thompson, Nature, 380 (1996) 29.
10. T. Wakimoto, R. Mirayama, H. Nakada, K. Imai, G. Sato and M. Nomura, Polymer Reprints Japan, 40 (1991) 3600.
11. Y. Hamada, T. Sano, K. Shibata and K. Kuroki, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 34 (1995) 824.
12. M. Berggren et al., Nature, 372 (1994) 444.
13. G. Yu, H. Nishino, A.J. Heeger, T.-A. Chen and R.D. Rieke, Synth. Met., 72 (1995) 249.
14. N.C. Greenham, R.H. Friend and D.C. Bradley, Adv. Mater., 6 (1994) 491.
15. J. Pommerehne et al., Adv. Mater., 6 (1995) 551.
16. W. Graupner et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 256 (1994) 549.
17. W. Fischer, F. Meghdai, F. Stelzer and G. Leising, Synth. Met., 76 (1996) 201.
18. F. Meghdadi, S. Tasch, B. Winkler, W. Fischer, F. Stelzer and G. Leising, Synth. Met., 85 (1997) 441.
19. S. Tasch, A. Niko, G. Leising and U. Scherf, Appl. Phys. Lett., 68 (1996) 1090.
20. (a) H. Tokailin, C. Hosokawa and T. Kusomoto, US Patent No. 5 126 214 (1992);
21. (b) C.W. Tang, D.J. Williams and J.C. Chang, US Patent No. 5 294 870 (1994);
22. (c) M. Matsuura, H. Tokailin, M. Eida, C. Hosokawa, Y. Hironaka and T. Kusumoto, Proc. Asia Display '95, 1995, p. 269.
23. S. Tasch, C. Brandstätter, F. Meghdadi, G. Leising, L. Athouel and G. Froyer, Adv. Mater., 9 (1997) 33.
24. Colorimetry, CIE Publication No. 15.2, CIE, Vienna, 2nd. edn., 1986.
25. S. Tasch, C. Brandstätter, F. Meghdadi, G. Leising, L. Athouel and G. Froyer, Adv. Mater., 9 (1997) 33.
26. A. Niko, S. Tasch, F. Meghdadi and G. Leising, J. Appl. Phys., in press.
27. (a) J. Kido, K. Hongawa, K. Okuyama and K. Nagai, Appl. Phys. Lett., 64 (1994) 615;
28. (b) M. Berggren, G. Gustafsson, O. Inganäs, M.R. Andersson, T. Hjertberg and O. Wennerström, J. Appl. Phys., 76 (1994) 7530.
29. J. Kido, M. Kaimura and K. Nagai, Science, 267 (1995) 1332.
30. J. Kido, W. Ikeda, M. Kimura and K. Nagai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 35 (1996) L394.
31. A. Dodabalapur, L.J. Rothberg and T.M. Miller, Appl. Phys. Lett., 65 (1994) 2308.
32. R.H. Jordan, A. Dodabalapur, M. Strukelj and T.M. Miller, Appl. Phys. Lett., 68 (1996) 1192.
33. M. Berggren et al., Nature, 372 (1994) 444.
34. M. Granström and O. Inganäs, Appl. Phys. Lett., 68 (1996) 147.
35. U. Scherf and K. Müllen, Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 12 (1991) 489.
36. H. Quante, P. Schlichting, U. Rohr, Y. Geerts and K. Müllen, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 197 (1996) 4029.
37. G. Leising et al., in P. Prasad (ed.), Proc. of the 4th Int. Conf. on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials, Plenum, 1997.
38. J. Stampfl, S. Tasch and G. Leising, Synth. Met., 71 (1995) 2125.
39. S. Tasch et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 71 (1997) 2883.
40. S. Tasch et al., Phys. Rev. B, 56 (1997) 4479.
41. (a) H. Vestweber, R. Sander, A. Greiner, W. Heitz, R.F. Mahrt and H. Bässler, Synth. Met., 64 (1995) 141;
42. (b) U. Albrecht and H. Bässler, Chem. Phys., 199 (1995) 207.
43. N.S. Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A.J. Heeger and F. Wudl, Science, 258 (1992) 1474.
44. N. Tessler, G.J. Denton and R.H. Friend, Nature, 382 (1996) 695.
45. G.H. Gelinck, J.W. Warman, M. Remmers and D. Neher, Chem. Phys. Lett., 265 (1997) 320.
46. F. Hide, M.A. Diaz-Garcia, B.J. Schwartz, M.R. Andersson, Q. Pei and A.J. Heeger, Science, 273 (1996) 1822.
47. G. Kranzelbinder, H.J. Byrne, S. Hallstein, S. Roth and G. Leising, Synth. Met., 84 (1997) 629.
48. H.J. Brouwer, V.V. Krasnikov, A. Hilberer and G. Hadziioannou, Adv. Mater., 8 (1996) 925.
49. F. Hide, B.J. Schwartz, M.A. Diaz-Garcia and A.J. Heeger, Chem. Phys. Lett., 256 (1996) 424.
50. W. Graupner, G. Leising, G. Lanzani, M. Nisoli, S. DeSilvestri and U. Scherf, Phys. Rev. Lett., 76 (1996) 847.
51. M. Moser, S. Tasch and G. Leising, Synth. Met., 84 (1997) 651.
52. J. Sturm et al., Thin Solid Films, 298 (1997) 138.
53. S.V. Frolov, W. Gellermann, M. Ozaki, K. Yoshino and Z.V. Vardeny, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78 (1997) 729.
54. D. Marcuse, in Y.H. Pao (ed.), Theory of Dielectric Waveguides, Academic Press, New York, 1974, Ch. 1.
55. C. Zenz, W. Graupner, S. Tasch, G. Leising, K. Müllen and U. Scherf, Appl. Phys. Lett., 71 (1997) 2566.