Monodisperse linear liquid crystalline polyethers via a repetitive 2n geometric growth algorithm

Macromolecules

Volumn 30, Issue 25, 1997, Pages 7701-7720

  Percec, V ^a   Asandei, A D ^a  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONFORMATIONS; LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; OLIGOMERS; POLYMERIZATION; REACTION KINETICS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

GEOMETRIC GROWTH ALGORITHM;

POLYETHERS;

EID: 0031335107     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma970783h     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. (a) Percec, V.; Yourd, R. Macromolecules 1988, 21, 3379.
2. (b) Percec, V.; Yourd, R. Macromolecules 1989, 22, 524.
3. For brief reviews on LCPs based on conformational isomerism see: (a) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D. Molecular Engineering of Liquid Crystalline Polymers. In Comprehensive Polymer Science, First Supplement; Allen, G., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1992; pp 299-383. (b) Percec, V. From Molecular to Macromolecular Liquid Crystals In Handbook of Liquid Crystal Research; Collins, P. J., Patel, J. S., Eds.; Oxford University Press: New York, Oxford, 1997; pp 259-346.
4. For brief reviews on LCPs based on conformational isomerism see: (a) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D. Molecular Engineering of Liquid Crystalline Polymers. In Comprehensive Polymer Science, First Supplement; Allen, G., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1992; pp 299-383. (b) Percec, V. From Molecular to Macromolecular Liquid Crystals In Handbook of Liquid Crystal Research; Collins, P. J., Patel, J. S., Eds.; Oxford University Press: New York, Oxford, 1997; pp 259-346.
5. One uniaxial nematic phase: (a) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 6318.
6. Two uniaxial nematic phases: (b) Ungar, G.; Percec, V.; Zuber, M. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 75.
7. Smectic phase: (c) Ungar, G.; Feijoo, J. L.; Yourd, R.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 1168. (d) Yoon, D.; Zhang, A.; Ho, R.-M.; Cheng, S. Z. D.; Percec, V.; Chu, P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 294.
8. Smectic phase: (c) Ungar, G.; Feijoo, J. L.; Yourd, R.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 1168. (d) Yoon, D.; Zhang, A.; Ho, R.-M.; Cheng, S. Z. D.; Percec, V.; Chu, P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 294.
9. Hexagonal columnar phase: (e) Ungar, G.; Feijoo, J. L.; Yourd, R.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 953. (f) Percec, V.; Zuber, M.; Ungar, G.; Alvarez-Castillo, A. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 1193. (g) Ungar, G.; Zhou, J.; Percec, V.; Chu, P. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 951.
10. Hexagonal columnar phase: (e) Ungar, G.; Feijoo, J. L.; Yourd, R.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 953. (f) Percec, V.; Zuber, M.; Ungar, G.; Alvarez-Castillo, A. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 1193. (g) Ungar, G.; Zhou, J.; Percec, V.; Chu, P. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 951.
11. Hexagonal columnar phase: (e) Ungar, G.; Feijoo, J. L.; Yourd, R.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1991, 24, 953. (f) Percec, V.; Zuber, M.; Ungar, G.; Alvarez-Castillo, A. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 1193. (g) Ungar, G.; Zhou, J.; Percec, V.; Chu, P. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 951.
12. Chain conformation by D-NMR: (a) Sherwood, M. H.; Sigaud, G.; Yoon, D. Y.; Wade, C. G.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 254, 455. (b) Leisen, J.; Boeffel, C.; Spiess, H. W.; Yoon, D. Y.; Sherwood, M. H.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 6937. (c) Spiess, H. W. Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 1294.
13. Chain conformation by D-NMR: (a) Sherwood, M. H.; Sigaud, G.; Yoon, D. Y.; Wade, C. G.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 254, 455. (b) Leisen, J.; Boeffel, C.; Spiess, H. W.; Yoon, D. Y.; Sherwood, M. H.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 6937. (c) Spiess, H. W. Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 1294.
14. Chain conformation by D-NMR: (a) Sherwood, M. H.; Sigaud, G.; Yoon, D. Y.; Wade, C. G.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 254, 455. (b) Leisen, J.; Boeffel, C.; Spiess, H. W.; Yoon, D. Y.; Sherwood, M. H.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 6937. (c) Spiess, H. W. Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 1294.
15. Chain conformation by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments: (d) Hardouin, F.; Sigaud, G.; Archard, M. F.; Brûlet, A.; Cotton, J. P.; Yoon, D. Y.; Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 5427.
16. Structure and dynamics of disclinations by electron microscopy: (e) Zhang, A.; Yandrasites, M. A.; Cheng, S. Z. D.; Percec, V. Makromol. Chem. 1993, 194, 3135.
17. Viscoelastic and chain conformation properties by dynamic light scattering: (f) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Lee, M.-S.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 12, 961. (g) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Lee, M.-S.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 2151. (h) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6576. (i) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1943 and 4691. (j) Gu, D.-F.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 337. (k) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1995, 33, 1213.
18. Viscoelastic and chain conformation properties by dynamic light scattering: (f) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Lee, M.-S.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 12, 961. (g) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Lee, M.-S.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 2151. (h) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6576. (i) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1943 and 4691. (j) Gu, D.-F.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 337. (k) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1995, 33, 1213.
19. Viscoelastic and chain conformation properties by dynamic light scattering: (f) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Lee, M.-S.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 12, 961. (g) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Lee, M.-S.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 2151. (h) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6576. (i) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1943 and 4691. (j) Gu, D.-F.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 337. (k) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1995, 33, 1213.
20. Viscoelastic and chain conformation properties by dynamic light scattering: (f) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Lee, M.-S.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 12, 961. (g) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Lee, M.-S.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 2151. (h) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6576. (i) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1943 and 4691. (j) Gu, D.-F.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 337. (k) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1995, 33, 1213.
21. Viscoelastic and chain conformation properties by dynamic light scattering: (f) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Lee, M.-S.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 12, 961. (g) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Lee, M.-S.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 2151. (h) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6576. (i) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1943 and 4691. (j) Gu, D.-F.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 337. (k) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1995, 33, 1213.
22. Viscoelastic and chain conformation properties by dynamic light scattering: (f) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Lee, M.-S.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Liq. Cryst. 1992, 12, 961. (g) Gu, G. F.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Lee, M.-S.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 2151. (h) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6576. (i) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 1943 and 4691. (j) Gu, D.-F.; Jamieson, A. M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 337. (k) Chen, F.-L.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 1995, 33, 1213.
23. Rheology in nematic and isotropic phases: (l) Heberer, D. P.; Odel, J. L.; Percec, V. J. Mater. Sci. 1994, 29, 3477.
24. Electrorheology: (m) Chiang, Y.-C.; Jamieson, A. M.; Kawasumi, M.; Percec, V. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 1992.
25. LC main chain elastomers: (n) Bergmann, G. H. F.; Finkelmann, H.; Percec, V.; Zhao, M. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1997, 18, 353.
26. For a few selected publications on macrocyclic liquid crystals see: (a) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M.; Rinaldi, P. L.; Litmann, V. L. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3851. (b) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1, 1319. (c) Percec, V.; Asandei, A. D.; Zhao, M. Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 301. (d) Percec, V.; Asandei, A. D.; Chu, P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 3736. (e) Percec, V.; Turkaly, P. J.; Asandei, A. D. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 943.
27. For a few selected publications on macrocyclic liquid crystals see: (a) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M.; Rinaldi, P. L.; Litmann, V. L. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3851. (b) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1, 1319. (c) Percec, V.; Asandei, A. D.; Zhao, M. Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 301. (d) Percec, V.; Asandei, A. D.; Chu, P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 3736. (e) Percec, V.; Turkaly, P. J.; Asandei, A. D. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 943.
28. For a few selected publications on macrocyclic liquid crystals see: (a) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M.; Rinaldi, P. L.; Litmann, V. L. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3851. (b) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1, 1319. (c) Percec, V.; Asandei, A. D.; Zhao, M. Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 301. (d) Percec, V.; Asandei, A. D.; Chu, P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 3736. (e) Percec, V.; Turkaly, P. J.; Asandei, A. D. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 943.
29. For a few selected publications on macrocyclic liquid crystals see: (a) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M.; Rinaldi, P. L.; Litmann, V. L. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3851. (b) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1, 1319. (c) Percec, V.; Asandei, A. D.; Zhao, M. Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 301. (d) Percec, V.; Asandei, A. D.; Chu, P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 3736. (e) Percec, V.; Turkaly, P. J.; Asandei, A. D. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 943.
30. For a few selected publications on macrocyclic liquid crystals see: (a) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M.; Rinaldi, P. L.; Litmann, V. L. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3851. (b) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1, 1319. (c) Percec, V.; Asandei, A. D.; Zhao, M. Chem. Mater. 1996, 8, 301. (d) Percec, V.; Asandei, A. D.; Chu, P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 3736. (e) Percec, V.; Turkaly, P. J.; Asandei, A. D. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 943.
31. For a brief review on macrocyclic LCs see: (f) Percec, V. Pure Appl. Chem. 1995, 67, 2031.
32. Hyperbranched LCPs: (a) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3843. (b) Percec, V.; Chu, P.; Kawasumi, M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4441.
33. Hyperbranched LCPs: (a) Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M. Macromolecules 1992, 25, 3843. (b) Percec, V.; Chu, P.; Kawasumi, M. Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4441.
34. Dendrimers: (a) Percec, V.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11441. (b) Li, J.-F.; Crandall, K. A.; Chu, P.; Percec, V.; Petschek, R. G.; Rosenblatt, C. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7813.
35. Dendrimers: (a) Percec, V.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11441. (b) Li, J.-F.; Crandall, K. A.; Chu, P.; Percec, V.; Petschek, R. G.; Rosenblatt, C. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7813.
36. Percec, V.; Kawasumi, M. Macromolecules 1993, 26, 3663.
37. For selected publications on linear LC oligomers see: (a) Griffin, A. C.; Britt, T. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4957. (b) Griffin, A. C.; Samulski, E. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2975. (c) Griffin, A. C.; Sullivan, S. L.; Hughes, W. E. Liq. Cryst. 1989, 6, 677. (d) Jin, J.-L; Oh, H.-T. Park, J.-H. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 2 1986, 343. (e) Buglione, J. A.; Roviello, A.; Sirigu, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 106, 169. (f) Blumstein, R. B.; Poliks, M. D.; Stickles, E. M.; Blumstein, A; Volino, F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 129, 375. (g) Luckhurst, G. R. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 96, 1 and references cited therein.
38. For selected publications on linear LC oligomers see: (a) Griffin, A. C.; Britt, T. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4957. (b) Griffin, A. C.; Samulski, E. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2975. (c) Griffin, A. C.; Sullivan, S. L.; Hughes, W. E. Liq. Cryst. 1989, 6, 677. (d) Jin, J.-L; Oh, H.-T. Park, J.-H. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 2 1986, 343. (e) Buglione, J. A.; Roviello, A.; Sirigu, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 106, 169. (f) Blumstein, R. B.; Poliks, M. D.; Stickles, E. M.; Blumstein, A; Volino, F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 129, 375. (g) Luckhurst, G. R. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 96, 1 and references cited therein.
39. For selected publications on linear LC oligomers see: (a) Griffin, A. C.; Britt, T. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4957. (b) Griffin, A. C.; Samulski, E. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2975. (c) Griffin, A. C.; Sullivan, S. L.; Hughes, W. E. Liq. Cryst. 1989, 6, 677. (d) Jin, J.-L; Oh, H.-T. Park, J.-H. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 2 1986, 343. (e) Buglione, J. A.; Roviello, A.; Sirigu, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 106, 169. (f) Blumstein, R. B.; Poliks, M. D.; Stickles, E. M.; Blumstein, A; Volino, F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 129, 375. (g) Luckhurst, G. R. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 96, 1 and references cited therein.
40. For selected publications on linear LC oligomers see: (a) Griffin, A. C.; Britt, T. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4957. (b) Griffin, A. C.; Samulski, E. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2975. (c) Griffin, A. C.; Sullivan, S. L.; Hughes, W. E. Liq. Cryst. 1989, 6, 677. (d) Jin, J.-L; Oh, H.-T. Park, J.-H. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 2 1986, 343. (e) Buglione, J. A.; Roviello, A.; Sirigu, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 106, 169. (f) Blumstein, R. B.; Poliks, M. D.; Stickles, E. M.; Blumstein, A; Volino, F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 129, 375. (g) Luckhurst, G. R. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 96, 1 and references cited therein.
41. For selected publications on linear LC oligomers see: (a) Griffin, A. C.; Britt, T. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4957. (b) Griffin, A. C.; Samulski, E. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2975. (c) Griffin, A. C.; Sullivan, S. L.; Hughes, W. E. Liq. Cryst. 1989, 6, 677. (d) Jin, J.-L; Oh, H.-T. Park, J.-H. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 2 1986, 343. (e) Buglione, J. A.; Roviello, A.; Sirigu, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 106, 169. (f) Blumstein, R. B.; Poliks, M. D.; Stickles, E. M.; Blumstein, A; Volino, F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 129, 375. (g) Luckhurst, G. R. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 96, 1 and references cited therein.
42. For selected publications on linear LC oligomers see: (a) Griffin, A. C.; Britt, T. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4957. (b) Griffin, A. C.; Samulski, E. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2975. (c) Griffin, A. C.; Sullivan, S. L.; Hughes, W. E. Liq. Cryst. 1989, 6, 677. (d) Jin, J.-L; Oh, H.-T. Park, J.-H. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 2 1986, 343. (e) Buglione, J. A.; Roviello, A.; Sirigu, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 106, 169. (f) Blumstein, R. B.; Poliks, M. D.; Stickles, E. M.; Blumstein, A; Volino, F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 129, 375. (g) Luckhurst, G. R. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 96, 1 and references cited therein.
43. For selected publications on linear LC oligomers see: (a) Griffin, A. C.; Britt, T. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4957. (b) Griffin, A. C.; Samulski, E. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 2975. (c) Griffin, A. C.; Sullivan, S. L.; Hughes, W. E. Liq. Cryst. 1989, 6, 677. (d) Jin, J.-L; Oh, H.-T. Park, J.-H. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans 2 1986, 343. (e) Buglione, J. A.; Roviello, A.; Sirigu, A. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1984, 106, 169. (f) Blumstein, R. B.; Poliks, M. D.; Stickles, E. M.; Blumstein, A; Volino, F. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1985, 129, 375. (g) Luckhurst, G. R. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 96, 1 and references cited therein.
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45. (b) Percec, V.; Pugh, C.; Nuyken, O.; Pask, S. D. Macromonomers, Oligomers and Telechelics. In Comprehensive Polymer Science; Allen, G., Bevington, J., Eds.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1989; Vol. 6, pp 281-357.
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54. For the thermodynamic schemes which explain the dependence of liquid crystalline transitions on molecular and macromolecular parameters see: (a) Percec, V.; Keller, A. Macromolecules 1990, 23, 4347. (b) Keller, A.; Ungar, G.; Percec, V. In Advances in Liquid Crystalline Polymers; Weiss, R. A., Ober, C. K., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series, 435; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1990; p 308.
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