Physics basis for a reversed shear tokamak power plant

Fusion Engineering and Design

Volumn 38, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 27-57

  Jardin, S C ^a   Kessel, C E ^a   Bathke, C G ^b   Ehst, D A ^c   Mau, T K ^d   Najmabadi, F ^d   Petrie, T W ^e  

^a PRINCETON PLASMA PHYSICS LABORATORY   (United States)

^b LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^c ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e GENERAL ATOMICS   (United States)

Author keywords

Plasma configuration; Reversed shear; Tokamak power plant

Indexed keywords

ELECTRIC CURRENTS; ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS; MAGNETIC FIELDS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS; PLASMA STABILITY;

BOOTSTRAP CURRENTS; CURRENT DRIVE; PLASMA CURRENTS; REVERSED SHEAR TOKAMAK POWER PLANTS;

TOKAMAK DEVICES;

EID: 0031334036     PISSN: 09203796     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00111-7     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. C.E. Kessel, J. Manickam, G. Rewoldt, W. Tary, Improved plasma performance in tokamaks with negative magnetic shear, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 (1994) 1212.
2. A.D. Turnbull, T.S. Taylor, Y.R. Lin-Liu, H. St John, High beta and enhanced confinement in a second stable core VH-mode advanced tokamak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 718.
3. F.M. Levinton, M.C. Zarnstorff, S.H. Batha, M. Bell, R.E. Bell, R.V. Budny, C. Bush, Z. Chang, E. Fredrickson, A. Janos, J. Manickam, A. Ramsey, G.L. Schmidt, E. Synakowski, G. Taylor, Improved confinement with reversed magnetic shear in TFTR, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 4417.
4. E.J. Strait, L.L. Lao, M.E. Mauel, B.W. Rice, T.S. Taylor, K.H. Burrell, M.S. Chu, E.A. Lazarus, T.H. Osborne, S.J. Thompson, A.D. Turnball, Enhanced confinement and stability in DIII-D discharges with reversed magnetic shear, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 4420.
5. L.L. Lao, K.H. Burrell, T.S. Casper, V.S. Chan, M.S. Chu, C.B. Forest, R.J. Groebner, F.L. Hinton, Y. Kawano, E.A. Lazarus, Y.R. Lin-Liu, M.E. Mauel, W.H. Meyer, R.L. Miller, G.A. Navatil, T.H. Osborne, T.S. Taylor, W.M. Tang, A.D. Turnball, R.E. Waltz, and the DIII-D Team, Confinement and stability of DIII-D negative central shear discharges, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 38 (1996) 1439.
6. E.A. Lazarus, L.L. Lao, T.H. Osborne, T.S. Taylor, A.D. Turnball, M.S. Chu, A.G. Kellman, E.J. Strait, J.R. Ferron, R.J. Groebner, W.W. Heidbrink, T. Carlstrom, F.J. Helton, C.L. Hsieh, S. Lippman, D. Schissel, R. Snider, D. Wroblweski, An optimization of beta in the DIII-D tokamak, Phys. Fluids B 3 (1991) 2221.
7. M. Hugon, B.Ph. van Milligan, P. Smeulders, L.C. Appel, D.V. Bartlett, D. Boucher, A.W. Edwards, L.-G. Eriksson, C.W. Gowers, T.C. Hender, G. Huysmans, JJ. Jacquinot, P. Kupschus, L. Porte, P.H. Rebut, D.F.H. Start, F. Tibone, B.J.D. Tubbing, M.L. Watkins, W. Zwingmann, Shear reversal and MHD activity during pellet enhanced performance pulses in JET, Nuc. Fusion 32 (1992) 33.
8. i lower hybrid driven steady state plasmas in Tore Supra, Nuc. Fusion 34 (1994) 75.
9. F.M. Levinton, R.J. Fonck, G.M. Gammel, R. Kaita, H.W. Kugel, E.T. Powell, D.W. Roberts, Magnetic field pitch-angle measurements in the PBX-M tokamak using the motional stark effect, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63 (1989) 2060.
10. X. Litaudon, R. Arslanbekov, G.T. Hoang, E. Joffrin, F. Kazarian-Vibert, D. Moreau, Y. Peysson, P. Bibet, P. Froissard, M. Goniche, G. Rey, J. Ferron, K. Kupfer, Stationary magnetic shear reversal experiments in Tore Supra, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 38 (1996) 1603.
11. S. Ide, T. Fujita, O. Naito, M. Seki, Sustainment and modification of reversed magnetic shear by LHCD on JT-60U, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion. 38 (1996) 1645.
12. C.E. Kessel, The bootstrap current in a tokamak, Nuc. Fusion 34 (1994) 1221.
13. J.M. Greene, M.S. Chance, The second region of stability against ballooning modes, Nuc. Fusion 21 (1981) 453.
14. M.J. Gerver, J. Kesner, J.J. Ramos, Access to the second stability region in a high-shear, low-aspect-ratio tokamak, Phys. Fluids 31 (1988) 2674.
15. T.S. Taylor, E.J. Strait, L.L. Lao, M. Mauel, A.D. Turnbull, K.H. Burrell, M.S. Chu, J.R. Ferron, R.J. Groebner, R.J. Lattaye, B.W. Rice, R.T. Snider, S.J. Thompson, D. Wroblewski, D.J. Lightly, Wall stabilization of high beta plasmas in DIII-D, Phys. Plasmas 2 (1995) 2390.
16. A. Bondeson, D.J. Ward, Stabilization of external modes in tokamaks by resistive walls and plasma rotation, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 (1994) 2709.
17. A.H. Boozer, Stabilization of resistive wall modes by slow plasma rotation, Phys. Plasmas 2 (1995) 4521.
18. A. Bondeson, M. Persson, Stabilization by resistive walls and q-limit disruptions in tokamaks, Nuc. Fusion 28 (1988) 1887.
19. K. Ida, K. Kawahata, K. Toi, T. Wateri, O. Kaneko, Y. Ogawa, H. Sanuki, K. Adati, R. Akiyama, A. Ando, R. Ando, Y. Hamada, S. Hidekuma, S. Hirokura, A. Karita, T. Kawamoto, Y. Kawasumi, M. Kojima, R. Kumazawa, T. Koruda, K. Masai, S. Morita, K. Narihara, K. Ohkubo, Y. Oka, S. Okajama, T. Ozaki, M. Sakamoto, M. Sasao, K. Sato, K.N. Sato, T. Seki, F. Shimpo, Y. Taniguchi, T. Tsuzuki, H. Yamada, Observation of toroidal plasma rotation driven by the electric field induced by ion loss, Nuc. Fusion 31 (1991) 943.
20. L.-G. Eriksson, R. Giannella, T. Hellsten, E. Kallne, G. Sundstrom, Observations of toroidal rotation induced by ICRH in JET, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion. 34 (1992) 863.
21. H. Hsuan, M. Bitter, C.K. Phillips, J.R. Wilson, C. Bush, H.H. Duong, D. Darrow, G.W. Hammett, K.W. Hill, R.P. Majeski, S. Medley, M. Petrov, E. Synakowski, M. Zarnstorff, S. Zweben, ICH-induced plasma rotation on TFTR, in: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on the Application of RF Power to Plasmas, Palm Springs, 1995.
22. S. Wukitch, C. Litwin, M. Harper, R. Parker, N. Hershkowitz, Experimental observation of RF driven plasma flow in the phaedrus-T tokamak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 (1996) 294.
23. F. Najmabadi and the ARIES Team, The ARIES-I Tokamak Reactor Study - Final Report, University of California, Los Angeles, report UCLA-PPG-1323, vol. 2, 1991.
24. F. Najmabadi, R.W. Conn and the ARIES Team, The ARIES-II and -IV Second Stability Tokamak Fusion Power Plant Study, The Final Report, UCLA Report, UCLA-PPG-1461 (to be published); also F. Najmabadi, R.W. Conn, et al., Directions for Attractive Tokamak Reactors: The ARIES-II and ARIES-IV Second Stability Designs, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. on Plasma Physics and Control. Nuc. Fus. Res., Wurzburg, Germany (October 1992), IAEA, Vienna (1993) 295.
25. F. Najmabadi, R.W. Conn and the ARIES Team, The ARIES-II and -IV Second Stability Tokamak Fusion Power Plant Study, The Final Report, UCLA Report, UCLA-PPG-1461 (to be published); also F. Najmabadi, R.W. Conn, et al., Directions for Attractive Tokamak Reactors: The ARIES-II and ARIES-IV Second Stability Designs, Proc. 14th Int. Conf. on Plasma Physics and Control. Nuc. Fus. Res., Wurzburg, Germany (October 1992), IAEA, Vienna (1993) 295.
26. D.A. Ehst, Fast Wave Current Drive: Experimental Status and Reactor Prospects, Argonne National Laboratory, report ANL/FPP/TM-219, 1988.
27. M. Ono, High Harmonic Fast Waves in High Beta Plasmas, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, report PPPL-3091, 1995.
28. T.K. Mau, D.A. Ehst, S.C. Jardin, C.E. Kessel, B.J. Lee, The Aries Team, Plasma system requirements and performance data base for the starlite/demo fusion power plant, in: Proceedings of the 16th IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering, Urbana, IL, vol. 2, 1995, p. 1194.
29. T.K. Mau, S.S. Chiu, R.W. Harvey, Modelling of fast-wave current drive in standard and second-stability boot-strapped reactor plasmas, in: EPS Topical Conference Abstracts on Radiofrequency Heating and Current Drive of Fusion Devices, Brussels, 1992, p. 181.
30. D.A. Ehst, C.F.F. Karney, Approximate formula for radio-frequency current drive efficiency with magnetic trapping, Nucl. Fusion 31 (1991) 1933.
31. T.K. Mau, Starlite Physics Team, Current drive studies for starlite/demo powerplants, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 40 (1995) 1703.
32. S.C. Chiu, C.F.F. Karney, T.K. Mau, Y.R. Lin-Liu, Theory of current drive by parallel acceleration of electrons in a weakly relativistic plasma, Phys. Plasmas 2 (1995) 450.
33. L. Barr, B.G. Logan, A slot divertor for tokamaks with high divertor heat loads, Fusion Tech. 18 (1990) 251.
34. K.A. Werley, Tokamak and RFP ignition requirements, in: Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Symposium on Fusion Engineering, San Diego, CA, vol. 1, 30 September-3 October, 1991, p. 416.
35. D.E. Post, K. Borrass, J.D. Callen, S.A. Cohen, J.G. Cordey, F. Engelmann, ITER Physics, International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor documentation series No. 21, November, 1990.
36. D.E. Post, R.V. Jensen, C.B. Tarter, W.H. Grasberger, W.A. Lokke, Steady-state radiative cooling rates for low-density, high-temperature plasma, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 20 (1977) 397.
37. D.L. Hillis, K.H. Finken, J.T. Hogan, K.H. Dippel, R.A. Moyer, A. Pospieszczyk, D. Rusbuldt, K. Akaishi, R.W. Conn, H. Euringer, D.S. Gray, L.D. Horton, R.A. Hulse, R.C. Isler, C.C. Klepper, P.K. Mioduszewski, A. Miyahara, G.H. Wolf, Helium exhaust and transport studies with the ALT-II pump limiter in the TEXTOR tokamak, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 2382.
38. M.R. Wade, D.L. Hillis, J.T. Hogan, R. Maingi, M.M. Menon, M.A. Mahdavi, W.D. West, K.H. Burrell, P. Gohil, R.J. Groebner, R.-M. Hong, D.H. Kellman, J.C. Phillips, R.P. Seraydarian, The DIII-D Team, D.F. Finkenthal, Helium transport and exhaust studies in enhanced confinement regimes in DIII-D, Phys. Plasmas 2 (1995) 2357.
39. U. Samm, H.L. Bay, P. Bogen, H. Hartwig, E. Hintz, K. Hothker, Y.T. Lie, A. Pospieszczyk, G.G. Ross, D. Rusbuldt, B. Schweer, Plasma edge research on TEXTOR, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 29 (1987) 1321.
40. R.J. Goldston, Physics of the steady-state advanced tokamak, Phys. Plasmas 3 (1996) 1794.
41. P.B. Parks, R.J. Turbull, C.A. Foster, A model for the ablation rate of a solid hydrogen pellet in a plasma, Nucl. Fusion 17 (1977) 539.
42. Presentation by the ITER Director to the Fourth Meeting of the Technical Advisory Committee, ITER/TAC-IV, vol. 1, 1994.
43. D. Post, J. Abdallah, R.E.H. Clark, N. Putvinskaya, Calculation of energy losses due to atomic processes in tokamak with applications to the ITER divertor, Phys. Plasmas 2 (1995) 2328.
44. ITER EDA Newsletter, vol. 4, No. 9, IAEA, Vienna, 1995.
45. C.E. Bush, S.A. Sabbagh, S.J. Zweben, R.E. Bell, E.J. Synakowski, G. Taylor, S. Batha, M. Bell, M. Bitter, N.L. Bretz, R. Budny, Z. Chang, D.S. Darrow, P.C. Efthimion, D. Ernst, E. Fredrickson, G.R. Hanson, L.C. Johnson, J. Kesner, B. Le Blanc, F.M. Levinton, D. Mansfield, M.E. Mauel, E. Mazzucato, D. McCune, M. Murakami, R. Nazikian, G.A. Nauratil, H. Park, S.F. Paul, C.K. Phillips, M.H. Redi, J. Schivell, S.D. Scott, C.H. Skinner, H.H. Towner, J.B. Wilgen, M.C. Zarnstorff, TFTR Group, Deuterium-tritium high confinement (H-mode) studies in the tokamak fusion test reactor, Phys. Plasmas 2 (1995) 2366.
46. J.A. Snipes, R.L. Boivin, C. Christensen, C. Fiore, D. Gamier, J. Goetz, S.N. Golovato, M. Graf, R.S. Granetz, M. Greenwald, A. Hubbard, I.H. Hutchinson, J. Irby, B. LaBombard, E. S. Marmar, A. Niemczewski, P. O'Shea, M. Porkolab, P. Slek, Y. Takase, J.L. Terry, M. Umansky, S.M. Wolfe, Characteristics of high confinement modes in alcator C-Mod, Phys. Plasmas 3 (1996) 1992.
47. D.A. Ehst, A. Hassanein, Thermal ablation of plasma facing surfaces in tokamak disruptions: sensitivity to particle kinetic energy, ANL/FPP/TM-289, 1996.
48. H. Madarame, T. Sukegawa, K. Okamoto, A simulated plasma disruption experiment using magneto-plasma-dynamic arcjet, Fusion Eng. Des. 18 (1991) 109.
49. V.N. Litunovsky, I.B. Ovchinnikov, A.A. Drozdov, V.E. Kuznetsov, B.V. Ljublin, V.A. Titov, Study of material response on simulated ITER disruptive plasma heat load with variable duration, in: Proceedings of the 16th Symposium on Fusion Engineering, 1995, p. 435.
50. F. Najmabadi, R.W. Conn and the ARIES Team, The PULSAR Study-A Pulsed Tokamak Fusion Power Plant, University of California, San Diego, Report UCSD-ENG-003 (1997).