Animal rights and violent protest

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 9, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 106-116

  Monaghan, Rachel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031329740     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546559708427432     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Peter Singer, Animal Liberation, 2nd ed. (London: Thorsons 1993); Tom Regan, The Case For Animal Rights (London: Routledge 1988).
2. Peter Singer, Animal Liberation, 2nd ed. (London: Thorsons 1993); Tom Regan, The Case For Animal Rights (London: Routledge 1988).
3. For a more detailed discussion see Helena Silverstein, Unleashing Rights: Law, Meaning and the Animal Rights Movement (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 1996) and Robert Garner, Animals, Politics and Morality (Manchester: MUP 1993).
4. For a more detailed discussion see Helena Silverstein, Unleashing Rights: Law, Meaning and the Animal Rights Movement (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 1996) and Robert Garner, Animals, Politics and Morality (Manchester: MUP 1993).
5. The Holy Bible, Revised Standard Version (New York: Collins 1973) p.1.
6. Gamer, Animals, Politics and Morality (note 2).
7. The LACS saw its membership levels rise from 6,000 in 1950 to 15,000 in 1989 to 35,000 in 1994. Figures quoted from Robert Gamer, 'The Road to Shoreham: Ideological and Political Aspects in the Evolution of the British Animal Rights Movement', unpublished paper from Alternative Futures and Popular Protest Conference, Manchester Metropolitan University, March 1995. For a more detailed account of this revival see Gamer's paper. Recent figures put membership/supporters of the LACS at 40,000 in 1997. See Rachel Wollett, 'The anti-hunting lobby', The Independent, 10 July 1997, p.3.
8. The LACS saw its membership levels rise from 6,000 in 1950 to 15,000 in 1989 to 35,000 in 1994. Figures quoted from Robert Gamer, 'The Road to Shoreham: Ideological and Political Aspects in the Evolution of the British Animal Rights Movement', unpublished paper from Alternative Futures and Popular Protest Conference, Manchester Metropolitan University, March 1995. For a more detailed account of this revival see Gamer's paper. Recent figures put membership/supporters of the LACS at 40,000 in 1997. See Rachel Wollett, 'The anti-hunting lobby', The Independent, 10 July 1997, p.3.
9. Singer (note 1); John Benson, 'Duty and the Beast', Philosophy 53/206 (Oct. 1978); David Lamb, 'Animal Rights and Liberation Movements', Environmental Ethics 4 (Fall 1982); and Keith Tester, Animals and Society (London: Routledge 1992).
10. Singer (note 1); John Benson, 'Duty and the Beast', Philosophy 53/206 (Oct. 1978); David Lamb, 'Animal Rights and Liberation Movements', Environmental Ethics 4 (Fall 1982); and Keith Tester, Animals and Society (London: Routledge 1992).
11. Singer (note 1); John Benson, 'Duty and the Beast', Philosophy 53/206 (Oct. 1978); David Lamb, 'Animal Rights and Liberation Movements', Environmental Ethics 4 (Fall 1982); and Keith Tester, Animals and Society (London: Routledge 1992).
12. Singer (note 1); John Benson, 'Duty and the Beast', Philosophy 53/206 (Oct. 1978); David Lamb, 'Animal Rights and Liberation Movements', Environmental Ethics 4 (Fall 1982); and Keith Tester, Animals and Society (London: Routledge 1992).
13. Singer (note 1) p.iv.
14. Silverstein (note 2).
15. Tom Regan, 'The Case for Animal Rights', in Tom Regan and Peter Singer (eds), Animal Rights and Human Obligations, 2nd ed. (New Jersey: Prentice Hall 1989) pp.111-12.
16. Regan argues that 'in claiming that we have a prima facie duty to assist those animals whose rights are violated, therefore, we are not claiming that we have a duty to assist the sheep against the attack of the wolf, since the wolf neither can nor does violate anyone's rights', quoted in Dale Jamieson, 'Rights, Justice and Duties to Provide Assistance: A Critique of Regan's Theory of Rights', Ethics (Jan. 1990) p.351.
17. Regan, The Case For Animal Rights (note 1); Silverstein (note 2) and Tester (note 6).
18. Gamer, 'The Road to Shoreham' (note 5) pp.8-12.
19. Garner, 'The Road to Shoreham' (note 5) p.12.
20. The only booklength study of the ALF is David Henshaw's Animal Warfare published by Fontana in 1989. See also Richard Ryder, Animal Revolution (Oxford: Blackwells 1989) and Gamer, Animals, Politics and Morality (note 2).
21. The only booklength study of the ALF is David Henshaw's Animal Warfare published by Fontana in 1989. See also Richard Ryder, Animal Revolution (Oxford: Blackwells 1989) and Gamer, Animals, Politics and Morality (note 2).
22. The only booklength study of the ALF is David Henshaw's Animal Warfare published by Fontana in 1989. See also Richard Ryder, Animal Revolution (Oxford: Blackwells 1989) and Gamer, Animals, Politics and Morality (note 2).
23. Quote taken from Ryder (note 14) p.273.
24. For more details see Ryder (note 14) and Gamer, Animals, Politics and Morality (note 2).
25. See Henshaw (note 14) for more details.
26. Taken from the Animal Liberation Frontline Information Service posting on the ALF found at http://envirolink.org/ALF/orgs/alforg.html.
27. 'Speciesism' was first coined by Richard Ryder and refers to the exploitation of one species by another. For a more detailed discussion see Ryder (note 14).
28. Henshaw (note 14) p.3 8.
29. Taken from Freeman Wicklund, Animal Rights in Britain (http://envirolink.org/ arrs/ar_uk.html, 1995).
30. Lee quoted from David T. Hardy, America's New Extremists: What You Need to Know About the Animal Rights Movement (Washington, DC: Washington Legal Foundation 1990) p.17.
31. See William Paton, Man and Mouse, 2nd ed. (Oxford: OUP 1993); Maureen Duffy, Men and Beasts (London: Paladin 1984) and Henshaw (note 14) for more details.
32. See William Paton, Man and Mouse, 2nd ed. (Oxford: OUP 1993); Maureen Duffy, Men and Beasts (London: Paladin 1984) and Henshaw (note 14) for more details.
33. Hardy (note 22).
34. Gamer, Animal, Politics and Morality (note 2) and Paton (note 23).
35. Garner, Animal, Politics and Morality (note 2).
36. Only the bomb addressed to Mrs Thatcher exploded, injuring an office clerk at No. 10. See Paton (note 23) for more details.
37. See Ryder (note 14) and Henshaw (note 14).
38. Paton (note 23) p.232.
39. Henshaw (note 14) reports that Lee has called for the invention of new names and quotes Tim Daley, a 'leading' ALF activist as saying: 'I can support petrol bombings, bombs under cars, and probably shootings at a later stage. It's a war,' p.91. See also Ian Geldard, 'New Militancy Grips Animal Rights Groups', Terror Update 7 (March 1989) p.8.
40. Henshaw (note 14) reports that Lee has called for the invention of new names and quotes Tim Daley, a 'leading' ALF activist as saying: 'I can support petrol bombings, bombs under cars, and probably shootings at a later stage. It's a war,' p.91. See also Ian Geldard, 'New Militancy Grips Animal Rights Groups', Terror Update 7 (March 1989) p.8.
41. Henshaw (note 14) p.64.
42. Garner, Animal, Politics and Morality (note 2).
43. See Paton (note 23) and Henshaw (note 14) for more details.
44. Ryder (note 14).
45. Figures quoted by Robin Webb, ALF Press Officer taken from Wicklund (note 21).
46. Information taken from the Internet, http://envirolink.org/ALF/ezines/ugl_lhtml and covers the period from February to early October 1994.
47. Taken from the Justice Department's press release located at http://envirolink.org/ ALF/orgs/jdl.html and in Liberator (Winter 1994/Spring 1995).
48. A poster tube bomb is made using a poster tube packed with explosives and usually contains hypodermic needles. A video cassette bomb is as it sounds - a video cassette box filled with explosives.
49. http://envirolink.org/ALF/orgs/jdl.html.
50. http://envirolink.org/ALF/orgs/jdl.html.
51. Taken from the ALF Guidelines found at http://envirolink.org/ALF/orgs/alforg.html.
52. Writing in 1993, Garner, Animal, Politics and Morality (note 2) puts the figure of dedicated activists at fifty. In contrast, Michael Durham, 'Animal Passions', The Observer, 12 Nov. 1995, p. 19, estimates a hundred such individuals.
53. Writing in 1993, Garner, Animal, Politics and Morality (note 2) puts the figure of dedicated activists at fifty. In contrast, Michael Durham, 'Animal Passions', The Observer, 12 Nov. 1995, p. 19, estimates a hundred such individuals.
54. Henshaw (note 14) says the ALFSG has an annual income of at least £50,000 a year.
55. Quoted in G. Davidson Smith, 'Political Violence in Animal Liberation', Contemporary Review 247 (July 1985) p.28.
56. Henshaw (note 14).
57. Durham (note 42).
58. Information taken from http://envirolink.org/ALF/people/prlist.html.
59. Gamer, Animals, Politics and Morality (note 2).
60. Taken from Gamer, Animals, Politics and Morality (note 2) p.221.
61. Henshaw (note 14) p. 157.
62. Robert Garner, 'The Animal Lobby', Political Quarterly 62/2 (1991) p.288.