Algae burgers for a hungry world? The rise and fall of chlorella cuisine

Technology and Culture

Volumn 38, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 608-634

  Belasco, Warren ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031328048     PISSN: 0040165X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3106856     Document Type: Article

References (244)

1. Lester Velie, "Food Pumped from Pipelines," Collier's, December 1948, pp. 9-14; Arthur James Larsen, "More Food from Sunlight," Science Digest, September 1952, pp. 39-41 .
2. Lester Velie, "Food Pumped from Pipelines," Collier's, December 1948, pp. 9-14; Arthur James Larsen, "More Food from Sunlight," Science Digest, September 1952, pp. 39-41 .
3. Roughly defined as the collective voice of mainstream or "moderate" opinion, the "food policy establishment" of the immediate postwar period consisted mainly of white, upper-and upper-middle-class European-American men who worked at elite universities, think tanks, research-oriented foundations, government agencies, international nonprofit organizations, and the most respected journals of opinion. Few women, nonwhites, or people from what were then called "developing nations" were represented in the trade books, scholarly volumes and journals, national newspapers and magazines, conference proceedings, white papers, agency reports, and yearbooks that aired the discourse of this establishment and that are the primary sources for this article. These sources are now accessible through the major periodical and newspaper guides, as well as the catalog of the Library of Congress, where I did all the research. My interpretation of these sources follows what I take to be the standard methodology of cultural history, i.e., first an exhaustive bibliographical search, next a careful reading of all available materials, then a systematic discourse analysis of underlying pattern s.
4. William L. Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants May Increase World's Food," New York Times, December 31, 1949, p. 1; "Find Key to Photosynthesis," Science News Letter (SNL), February 17, 1951, pp. 99-100; "Food to Feed 4 Billion," Chemical and Engineering News, September 24, 1951, pp. 39-40; "World War Avoidable," SNL, December 22, 1951, p. 387; Karl T. Compton, "Science on the March," Science Digest, February 1952, p. 14; Francis Joseph Weiss, "Chemical Agriculture," Scientific American, August 1952, p. 16; Warren Weaver, "People, Energy, and Food," Scientific Monthly, June 1954, p. 364; J. G. Harrar, "Food for the Future," Science, August 19, 1955, pp. 313-16.
5. William L. Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants May Increase World's Food," New York Times, December 31, 1949, p. 1; "Find Key to Photosynthesis," Science News Letter (SNL), February 17, 1951, pp. 99-100; "Food to Feed 4 Billion," Chemical and Engineering News, September 24, 1951, pp. 39-40; "World War Avoidable," SNL, December 22, 1951, p. 387; Karl T. Compton, "Science on the March," Science Digest, February 1952, p. 14; Francis Joseph Weiss, "Chemical Agriculture," Scientific American, August 1952, p. 16; Warren Weaver, "People, Energy, and Food," Scientific Monthly, June 1954, p. 364; J. G. Harrar, "Food for the Future," Science, August 19, 1955, pp. 313-16.
6. William L. Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants May Increase World's Food," New York Times, December 31, 1949, p. 1; "Find Key to Photosynthesis," Science News Letter (SNL), February 17, 1951, pp. 99-100; "Food to Feed 4 Billion," Chemical and Engineering News, September 24, 1951, pp. 39-40; "World War Avoidable," SNL, December 22, 1951, p. 387; Karl T. Compton, "Science on the March," Science Digest, February 1952, p. 14; Francis Joseph Weiss, "Chemical Agriculture," Scientific American, August 1952, p. 16; Warren Weaver, "People, Energy, and Food," Scientific Monthly, June 1954, p. 364; J. G. Harrar, "Food for the Future," Science, August 19, 1955, pp. 313-16.
7. William L. Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants May Increase World's Food," New York Times, December 31, 1949, p. 1; "Find Key to Photosynthesis," Science News Letter (SNL), February 17, 1951, pp. 99-100; "Food to Feed 4 Billion," Chemical and Engineering News, September 24, 1951, pp. 39-40; "World War Avoidable," SNL, December 22, 1951, p. 387; Karl T. Compton, "Science on the March," Science Digest, February 1952, p. 14; Francis Joseph Weiss, "Chemical Agriculture," Scientific American, August 1952, p. 16; Warren Weaver, "People, Energy, and Food," Scientific Monthly, June 1954, p. 364; J. G. Harrar, "Food for the Future," Science, August 19, 1955, pp. 313-16.
8. William L. Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants May Increase World's Food," New York Times, December 31, 1949, p. 1; "Find Key to Photosynthesis," Science News Letter (SNL), February 17, 1951, pp. 99-100; "Food to Feed 4 Billion," Chemical and Engineering News, September 24, 1951, pp. 39-40; "World War Avoidable," SNL, December 22, 1951, p. 387; Karl T. Compton, "Science on the March," Science Digest, February 1952, p. 14; Francis Joseph Weiss, "Chemical Agriculture," Scientific American, August 1952, p. 16; Warren Weaver, "People, Energy, and Food," Scientific Monthly, June 1954, p. 364; J. G. Harrar, "Food for the Future," Science, August 19, 1955, pp. 313-16.
9. William L. Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants May Increase World's Food," New York Times, December 31, 1949, p. 1; "Find Key to Photosynthesis," Science News Letter (SNL), February 17, 1951, pp. 99-100; "Food to Feed 4 Billion," Chemical and Engineering News, September 24, 1951, pp. 39-40; "World War Avoidable," SNL, December 22, 1951, p. 387; Karl T. Compton, "Science on the March," Science Digest, February 1952, p. 14; Francis Joseph Weiss, "Chemical Agriculture," Scientific American, August 1952, p. 16; Warren Weaver, "People, Energy, and Food," Scientific Monthly, June 1954, p. 364; J. G. Harrar, "Food for the Future," Science, August 19, 1955, pp. 313-16.
10. William L. Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants May Increase World's Food," New York Times, December 31, 1949, p. 1; "Find Key to Photosynthesis," Science News Letter (SNL), February 17, 1951, pp. 99-100; "Food to Feed 4 Billion," Chemical and Engineering News, September 24, 1951, pp. 39-40; "World War Avoidable," SNL, December 22, 1951, p. 387; Karl T. Compton, "Science on the March," Science Digest, February 1952, p. 14; Francis Joseph Weiss, "Chemical Agriculture," Scientific American, August 1952, p. 16; Warren Weaver, "People, Energy, and Food," Scientific Monthly, June 1954, p. 364; J. G. Harrar, "Food for the Future," Science, August 19, 1955, pp. 313-16.
11. William L. Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants May Increase World's Food," New York Times, December 31, 1949, p. 1; "Find Key to Photosynthesis," Science News Letter (SNL), February 17, 1951, pp. 99-100; "Food to Feed 4 Billion," Chemical and Engineering News, September 24, 1951, pp. 39-40; "World War Avoidable," SNL, December 22, 1951, p. 387; Karl T. Compton, "Science on the March," Science Digest, February 1952, p. 14; Francis Joseph Weiss, "Chemical Agriculture," Scientific American, August 1952, p. 16; Warren Weaver, "People, Energy, and Food," Scientific Monthly, June 1954, p. 364; J. G. Harrar, "Food for the Future," Science, August 19, 1955, pp. 313-16.
12. The literature on technological utopianism is rich and instructive, e.g.: Joseph Corn, ed., Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology, and the American Future (Cambridge, 1986); Joseph Corn and Brian Horrigan, Yesterday's Tomorrows: Past Visions of the American Future (New York, 1984); Carolyn Marvin, When Old Technologies Were New (New York, 1988); Howard P. Segal, Technological Utopianism in American Culture (Chicago, 1985).
13. The literature on technological utopianism is rich and instructive, e.g.: Joseph Corn, ed., Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology, and the American Future (Cambridge, 1986); Joseph Corn and Brian Horrigan, Yesterday's Tomorrows: Past Visions of the American Future (New York, 1984); Carolyn Marvin, When Old Technologies Were New (New York, 1988); Howard P. Segal, Technological Utopianism in American Culture (Chicago, 1985).
14. The literature on technological utopianism is rich and instructive, e.g.: Joseph Corn, ed., Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology, and the American Future (Cambridge, 1986); Joseph Corn and Brian Horrigan, Yesterday's Tomorrows: Past Visions of the American Future (New York, 1984); Carolyn Marvin, When Old Technologies Were New (New York, 1988); Howard P. Segal, Technological Utopianism in American Culture (Chicago, 1985).
15. The literature on technological utopianism is rich and instructive, e.g.: Joseph Corn, ed., Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology, and the American Future (Cambridge, 1986); Joseph Corn and Brian Horrigan, Yesterday's Tomorrows: Past Visions of the American Future (New York, 1984); Carolyn Marvin, When Old Technologies Were New (New York, 1988); Howard P. Segal, Technological Utopianism in American Culture (Chicago, 1985).
16. H. P. Armsby, "The Food Supply of the Future," Science, December 10, 1909, pp. 817-23; Warren S. Thompson, "Population: A Study in Malthusianism" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1915); Joseph S. Davis, "The Spectre of Dearth of Food: History's Answer to Sir William Crookes," in Facts and Factors in Economic History (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 733-54; Joseph J. Spengler, "Population Prediction in Nineteenth Century America," American Sociological Review 1 (1936): pp. 905-21. J. Russell Smith, The World's Food Resources (New York, 1919); Walter B. Pitkin, Must We Fight Japan? (New York, 1921); Raymond Pearl, "The Population Problem," Geographical Review 12 (1922): 636-45; L. C. Gray et al., "The Utilization of Our Lands for Crops, Pastures, and Forest," in Agricultural Yearbook, 1923 (Washington, D.C., 1923), pp. 425-506; Edward M. East, Mankind at the Crossroads (New York, 1924); Vilhjalmur Stefannson, "When the World Will Starve," World's Work, October 1925, pp. 639-44.
17. H. P. Armsby, "The Food Supply of the Future," Science, December 10, 1909, pp. 817-23; Warren S. Thompson, "Population: A Study in Malthusianism" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1915); Joseph S. Davis, "The Spectre of Dearth of Food: History's Answer to Sir William Crookes," in Facts and Factors in Economic History (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 733-54; Joseph J. Spengler, "Population Prediction in Nineteenth Century America," American Sociological Review 1 (1936): pp. 905-21. J. Russell Smith, The World's Food Resources (New York, 1919); Walter B. Pitkin, Must We Fight Japan? (New York, 1921); Raymond Pearl, "The Population Problem," Geographical Review 12 (1922): 636-45; L. C. Gray et al., "The Utilization of Our Lands for Crops, Pastures, and Forest," in Agricultural Yearbook, 1923 (Washington, D.C., 1923), pp. 425-506; Edward M. East, Mankind at the Crossroads (New York, 1924); Vilhjalmur Stefannson, "When the World Will Starve," World's Work, October 1925, pp. 639-44.
18. H. P. Armsby, "The Food Supply of the Future," Science, December 10, 1909, pp. 817-23; Warren S. Thompson, "Population: A Study in Malthusianism" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1915); Joseph S. Davis, "The Spectre of Dearth of Food: History's Answer to Sir William Crookes," in Facts and Factors in Economic History (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 733-54; Joseph J. Spengler, "Population Prediction in Nineteenth Century America," American Sociological Review 1 (1936): pp. 905-21. J. Russell Smith, The World's Food Resources (New York, 1919); Walter B. Pitkin, Must We Fight Japan? (New York, 1921); Raymond Pearl, "The Population Problem," Geographical Review 12 (1922): 636-45; L. C. Gray et al., "The Utilization of Our Lands for Crops, Pastures, and Forest," in Agricultural Yearbook, 1923 (Washington, D.C., 1923), pp. 425-506; Edward M. East, Mankind at the Crossroads (New York, 1924); Vilhjalmur Stefannson, "When the World Will Starve," World's Work, October 1925, pp. 639-44.
19. H. P. Armsby, "The Food Supply of the Future," Science, December 10, 1909, pp. 817-23; Warren S. Thompson, "Population: A Study in Malthusianism" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1915); Joseph S. Davis, "The Spectre of Dearth of Food: History's Answer to Sir William Crookes," in Facts and Factors in Economic History (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 733-54; Joseph J. Spengler, "Population Prediction in Nineteenth Century America," American Sociological Review 1 (1936): pp. 905-21. J. Russell Smith, The World's Food Resources (New York, 1919); Walter B. Pitkin, Must We Fight Japan? (New York, 1921); Raymond Pearl, "The Population Problem," Geographical Review 12 (1922): 636-45; L. C. Gray et al., "The Utilization of Our Lands for Crops, Pastures, and Forest," in Agricultural Yearbook, 1923 (Washington, D.C., 1923), pp. 425-506; Edward M. East, Mankind at the Crossroads (New York, 1924); Vilhjalmur Stefannson, "When the World Will Starve," World's Work, October 1925, pp. 639-44.
20. H. P. Armsby, "The Food Supply of the Future," Science, December 10, 1909, pp. 817-23; Warren S. Thompson, "Population: A Study in Malthusianism" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1915); Joseph S. Davis, "The Spectre of Dearth of Food: History's Answer to Sir William Crookes," in Facts and Factors in Economic History (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 733-54; Joseph J. Spengler, "Population Prediction in Nineteenth Century America," American Sociological Review 1 (1936): pp. 905-21. J. Russell Smith, The World's Food Resources (New York, 1919); Walter B. Pitkin, Must We Fight Japan? (New York, 1921); Raymond Pearl, "The Population Problem," Geographical Review 12 (1922): 636-45; L. C. Gray et al., "The Utilization of Our Lands for Crops, Pastures, and Forest," in Agricultural Yearbook, 1923 (Washington, D.C., 1923), pp. 425-506; Edward M. East, Mankind at the Crossroads (New York, 1924); Vilhjalmur Stefannson, "When the World Will Starve," World's Work, October 1925, pp. 639-44.
21. H. P. Armsby, "The Food Supply of the Future," Science, December 10, 1909, pp. 817-23; Warren S. Thompson, "Population: A Study in Malthusianism" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1915); Joseph S. Davis, "The Spectre of Dearth of Food: History's Answer to Sir William Crookes," in Facts and Factors in Economic History (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 733-54; Joseph J. Spengler, "Population Prediction in Nineteenth Century America," American Sociological Review 1 (1936): pp. 905-21. J. Russell Smith, The World's Food Resources (New York, 1919); Walter B. Pitkin, Must We Fight Japan? (New York, 1921); Raymond Pearl, "The Population Problem," Geographical Review 12 (1922): 636-45; L. C. Gray et al., "The Utilization of Our Lands for Crops, Pastures, and Forest," in Agricultural Yearbook, 1923 (Washington, D.C., 1923), pp. 425-506; Edward M. East, Mankind at the Crossroads (New York, 1924); Vilhjalmur Stefannson, "When the World Will Starve," World's Work, October 1925, pp. 639-44.
22. H. P. Armsby, "The Food Supply of the Future," Science, December 10, 1909, pp. 817-23; Warren S. Thompson, "Population: A Study in Malthusianism" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1915); Joseph S. Davis, "The Spectre of Dearth of Food: History's Answer to Sir William Crookes," in Facts and Factors in Economic History (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 733-54; Joseph J. Spengler, "Population Prediction in Nineteenth Century America," American Sociological Review 1 (1936): pp. 905-21. J. Russell Smith, The World's Food Resources (New York, 1919); Walter B. Pitkin, Must We Fight Japan? (New York, 1921); Raymond Pearl, "The Population Problem," Geographical Review 12 (1922): 636-45; L. C. Gray et al., "The Utilization of Our Lands for Crops, Pastures, and Forest," in Agricultural Yearbook, 1923 (Washington, D.C., 1923), pp. 425-506; Edward M. East, Mankind at the Crossroads (New York, 1924); Vilhjalmur Stefannson, "When the World Will Starve," World's Work, October 1925, pp. 639-44.
23. H. P. Armsby, "The Food Supply of the Future," Science, December 10, 1909, pp. 817-23; Warren S. Thompson, "Population: A Study in Malthusianism" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1915); Joseph S. Davis, "The Spectre of Dearth of Food: History's Answer to Sir William Crookes," in Facts and Factors in Economic History (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 733-54; Joseph J. Spengler, "Population Prediction in Nineteenth Century America," American Sociological Review 1 (1936): pp. 905-21. J. Russell Smith, The World's Food Resources (New York, 1919); Walter B. Pitkin, Must We Fight Japan? (New York, 1921); Raymond Pearl, "The Population Problem," Geographical Review 12 (1922): 636-45; L. C. Gray et al., "The Utilization of Our Lands for Crops, Pastures, and Forest," in Agricultural Yearbook, 1923 (Washington, D.C., 1923), pp. 425-506; Edward M. East, Mankind at the Crossroads (New York, 1924); Vilhjalmur Stefannson, "When the World Will Starve," World's Work, October 1925, pp. 639-44.
24. H. P. Armsby, "The Food Supply of the Future," Science, December 10, 1909, pp. 817-23; Warren S. Thompson, "Population: A Study in Malthusianism" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1915); Joseph S. Davis, "The Spectre of Dearth of Food: History's Answer to Sir William Crookes," in Facts and Factors in Economic History (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 733-54; Joseph J. Spengler, "Population Prediction in Nineteenth Century America," American Sociological Review 1 (1936): pp. 905-21. J. Russell Smith, The World's Food Resources (New York, 1919); Walter B. Pitkin, Must We Fight Japan? (New York, 1921); Raymond Pearl, "The Population Problem," Geographical Review 12 (1922): 636-45; L. C. Gray et al., "The Utilization of Our Lands for Crops, Pastures, and Forest," in Agricultural Yearbook, 1923 (Washington, D.C., 1923), pp. 425-506; Edward M. East, Mankind at the Crossroads (New York, 1924); Vilhjalmur Stefannson, "When the World Will Starve," World's Work, October 1925, pp. 639-44.
25. H. P. Armsby, "The Food Supply of the Future," Science, December 10, 1909, pp. 817-23; Warren S. Thompson, "Population: A Study in Malthusianism" (Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1915); Joseph S. Davis, "The Spectre of Dearth of Food: History's Answer to Sir William Crookes," in Facts and Factors in Economic History (Cambridge, 1932), pp. 733-54; Joseph J. Spengler, "Population Prediction in Nineteenth Century America," American Sociological Review 1 (1936): pp. 905-21. J. Russell Smith, The World's Food Resources (New York, 1919); Walter B. Pitkin, Must We Fight Japan? (New York, 1921); Raymond Pearl, "The Population Problem," Geographical Review 12 (1922): 636-45; L. C. Gray et al., "The Utilization of Our Lands for Crops, Pastures, and Forest," in Agricultural Yearbook, 1923 (Washington, D.C., 1923), pp. 425-506; Edward M. East, Mankind at the Crossroads (New York, 1924); Vilhjalmur Stefannson, "When the World Will Starve," World's Work, October 1925, pp. 639-44.
26. Oliver Baker, "The Trend of Agricultural Production in North America and Its Relation to Europe and Asia," in Population, ed. Corrado Gini et al. (Chicago, 1930); Frank Lorimer and Frederick Osborn, Dynamics of Population (New York, 1934); Paul B. Sears, Deserts on the March (Norman, Okla., 1959); G. V. Jacks and R. O. Whyte, Vanishing Lands: A World Survey of Soil Erosion (New York, 1939).
27. Oliver Baker, "The Trend of Agricultural Production in North America and Its Relation to Europe and Asia," in Population, ed. Corrado Gini et al. (Chicago, 1930); Frank Lorimer and Frederick Osborn, Dynamics of Population (New York, 1934); Paul B. Sears, Deserts on the March (Norman, Okla., 1959); G. V. Jacks and R. O. Whyte, Vanishing Lands: A World Survey of Soil Erosion (New York, 1939).
28. Oliver Baker, "The Trend of Agricultural Production in North America and Its Relation to Europe and Asia," in Population, ed. Corrado Gini et al. (Chicago, 1930); Frank Lorimer and Frederick Osborn, Dynamics of Population (New York, 1934); Paul B. Sears, Deserts on the March (Norman, Okla., 1959); G. V. Jacks and R. O. Whyte, Vanishing Lands: A World Survey of Soil Erosion (New York, 1939).
29. Oliver Baker, "The Trend of Agricultural Production in North America and Its Relation to Europe and Asia," in Population, ed. Corrado Gini et al. (Chicago, 1930); Frank Lorimer and Frederick Osborn, Dynamics of Population (New York, 1934); Paul B. Sears, Deserts on the March (Norman, Okla., 1959); G. V. Jacks and R. O. Whyte, Vanishing Lands: A World Survey of Soil Erosion (New York, 1939).
30. William Vogt, Road to Survival (New York, 1948); Fairfield Osborn, Our Plundered Planet (Boston, 1948); Karl Sax, "Population Problems of a New World Order," Scientific Monthly, January 1944, pp. 66-71; Frank A. Pearson and Floyd A. Harper, The World's Hunger (Ithaca, N.Y., 1945); Guy Irving Burch and Elmer Pendell, Human Breeding and Survival: Population Roads to Peace or War (New York, 1947); C. Lester Walker, "Too Many People," Harper's, February 1948, pp. 98-104; William L. Laurence, "Population Outgrows Food, Scientists Warn the World," New York Times, September 15, 1948, p. 1.
31. William Vogt, Road to Survival (New York, 1948); Fairfield Osborn, Our Plundered Planet (Boston, 1948); Karl Sax, "Population Problems of a New World Order," Scientific Monthly, January 1944, pp. 66-71; Frank A. Pearson and Floyd A. Harper, The World's Hunger (Ithaca, N.Y., 1945); Guy Irving Burch and Elmer Pendell, Human Breeding and Survival: Population Roads to Peace or War (New York, 1947); C. Lester Walker, "Too Many People," Harper's, February 1948, pp. 98-104; William L. Laurence, "Population Outgrows Food, Scientists Warn the World," New York Times, September 15, 1948, p. 1.
32. William Vogt, Road to Survival (New York, 1948); Fairfield Osborn, Our Plundered Planet (Boston, 1948); Karl Sax, "Population Problems of a New World Order," Scientific Monthly, January 1944, pp. 66-71; Frank A. Pearson and Floyd A. Harper, The World's Hunger (Ithaca, N.Y., 1945); Guy Irving Burch and Elmer Pendell, Human Breeding and Survival: Population Roads to Peace or War (New York, 1947); C. Lester Walker, "Too Many People," Harper's, February 1948, pp. 98-104; William L. Laurence, "Population Outgrows Food, Scientists Warn the World," New York Times, September 15, 1948, p. 1.
33. William Vogt, Road to Survival (New York, 1948); Fairfield Osborn, Our Plundered Planet (Boston, 1948); Karl Sax, "Population Problems of a New World Order," Scientific Monthly, January 1944, pp. 66-71; Frank A. Pearson and Floyd A. Harper, The World's Hunger (Ithaca, N.Y., 1945); Guy Irving Burch and Elmer Pendell, Human Breeding and Survival: Population Roads to Peace or War (New York, 1947); C. Lester Walker, "Too Many People," Harper's, February 1948, pp. 98-104; William L. Laurence, "Population Outgrows Food, Scientists Warn the World," New York Times, September 15, 1948, p. 1.
34. William Vogt, Road to Survival (New York, 1948); Fairfield Osborn, Our Plundered Planet (Boston, 1948); Karl Sax, "Population Problems of a New World Order," Scientific Monthly, January 1944, pp. 66-71; Frank A. Pearson and Floyd A. Harper, The World's Hunger (Ithaca, N.Y., 1945); Guy Irving Burch and Elmer Pendell, Human Breeding and Survival: Population Roads to Peace or War (New York, 1947); C. Lester Walker, "Too Many People," Harper's, February 1948, pp. 98-104; William L. Laurence, "Population Outgrows Food, Scientists Warn the World," New York Times, September 15, 1948, p. 1.
35. William Vogt, Road to Survival (New York, 1948); Fairfield Osborn, Our Plundered Planet (Boston, 1948); Karl Sax, "Population Problems of a New World Order," Scientific Monthly, January 1944, pp. 66-71; Frank A. Pearson and Floyd A. Harper, The World's Hunger (Ithaca, N.Y., 1945); Guy Irving Burch and Elmer Pendell, Human Breeding and Survival: Population Roads to Peace or War (New York, 1947); C. Lester Walker, "Too Many People," Harper's, February 1948, pp. 98-104; William L. Laurence, "Population Outgrows Food, Scientists Warn the World," New York Times, September 15, 1948, p. 1.
36. William Vogt, Road to Survival (New York, 1948); Fairfield Osborn, Our Plundered Planet (Boston, 1948); Karl Sax, "Population Problems of a New World Order," Scientific Monthly, January 1944, pp. 66-71; Frank A. Pearson and Floyd A. Harper, The World's Hunger (Ithaca, N.Y., 1945); Guy Irving Burch and Elmer Pendell, Human Breeding and Survival: Population Roads to Peace or War (New York, 1947); C. Lester Walker, "Too Many People," Harper's, February 1948, pp. 98-104; William L. Laurence, "Population Outgrows Food, Scientists Warn the World," New York Times, September 15, 1948, p. 1.
37. "Europe's Hunger: Blow to U.S.," United States News, September 12, 1947, pp. 22-23; "Why Food Costs are Rising: World Scramble for Grain," United States News, September 14, 1947, pp. 11-12; "Eat Less - Waste Less," Business Week, October 4, 1947, pp. 21-22.
38. "Europe's Hunger: Blow to U.S.," United States News, September 12, 1947, pp. 22-23; "Why Food Costs are Rising: World Scramble for Grain," United States News, September 14, 1947, pp. 11-12; "Eat Less - Waste Less," Business Week, October 4, 1947, pp. 21-22.
39. "Europe's Hunger: Blow to U.S.," United States News, September 12, 1947, pp. 22-23; "Why Food Costs are Rising: World Scramble for Grain," United States News, September 14, 1947, pp. 11-12; "Eat Less - Waste Less," Business Week, October 4, 1947, pp. 21-22.
40. Marjorie Van de Water, "More Mouths than Food," SNL, October 18, 1947, pp. 250-51; "Coming: A Hungry 25 Years," Life, April 26, 1948, pp. 30-31; H. R. Tolley, "Population and Food Supply," in Freedom from Want: A Survey of the Possibilities of Meeting the World's Food Needs, ed. E. E. DeTurk, Chronica Botanica Series, vol. 2, no. 4 (Waltham, Mass., 1948), pp. 217-24; John Donald Black and Maxine Enlow Kiefer, Future Food and Agriculture Policy: A Program for the Next Ten Years (New York, 1949), pp. 66-67.
41. Marjorie Van de Water, "More Mouths than Food," SNL, October 18, 1947, pp. 250-51; "Coming: A Hungry 25 Years," Life, April 26, 1948, pp. 30-31; H. R. Tolley, "Population and Food Supply," in Freedom from Want: A Survey of the Possibilities of Meeting the World's Food Needs, ed. E. E. DeTurk, Chronica Botanica Series, vol. 2, no. 4 (Waltham, Mass., 1948), pp. 217-24; John Donald Black and Maxine Enlow Kiefer, Future Food and Agriculture Policy: A Program for the Next Ten Years (New York, 1949), pp. 66-67.
42. Marjorie Van de Water, "More Mouths than Food," SNL, October 18, 1947, pp. 250-51; "Coming: A Hungry 25 Years," Life, April 26, 1948, pp. 30-31; H. R. Tolley, "Population and Food Supply," in Freedom from Want: A Survey of the Possibilities of Meeting the World's Food Needs, ed. E. E. DeTurk, Chronica Botanica Series, vol. 2, no. 4 (Waltham, Mass., 1948), pp. 217-24; John Donald Black and Maxine Enlow Kiefer, Future Food and Agriculture Policy: A Program for the Next Ten Years (New York, 1949), pp. 66-67.
43. Marjorie Van de Water, "More Mouths than Food," SNL, October 18, 1947, pp. 250-51; "Coming: A Hungry 25 Years," Life, April 26, 1948, pp. 30-31; H. R. Tolley, "Population and Food Supply," in Freedom from Want: A Survey of the Possibilities of Meeting the World's Food Needs, ed. E. E. DeTurk, Chronica Botanica Series, vol. 2, no. 4 (Waltham, Mass., 1948), pp. 217-24; John Donald Black and Maxine Enlow Kiefer, Future Food and Agriculture Policy: A Program for the Next Ten Years (New York, 1949), pp. 66-67.
44. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
45. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
46. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
47. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
48. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
49. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
50. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
51. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
52. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
53. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
54. Jan Hasbouck, "Planning an Ever Normal Diet," New Republic, October 27, 1947, pp. 13-15; M. K. Bennett, "Population and the Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific, Monthly, January 1949, pp. 17-26; F. B. Morrison, "Animal Production in an Efficient Food Economy," in DeTurk, ed., pp. 247-56; Frederick J. Stare, "Fiasco in Food," Atlantic, January 1948, pp. 21-22; Edgar Taschdjian, "Problems of Food Production," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (August 1951): 210. For feed-to-meat ratios, see C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), p. 13; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, p. 57. Gilbert C. Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington, 1981), p. 87; Colin Clark, "The World's Capacity to Feed and Clothe Itself," The Way Ahead 2 (1949): 1-15; Richard Bradfield, "Soil Resources and the World's Potential Food Supply," in Studies in Population, ed. George R. Mair (Princeton, 1949), pp. 66-79; E. C. Stakman, "Science in the Service of Agriculture," Scientific Monthly, February 1949, pp. 75-83.
55. Vogt, pp. 18-56; Osborn, pp. 3-66, 175-93; Ward Shepard, Food or Famine: The Challenge of Erosion (New York, 1945); H. H. Bennett, "Development of Natural Resources," Science, January 1947, pp. 1-4. Black and Kiefer, pp. 66-67; John Bird, "Will Your Grandchildren Go Hungry?" Saturday Evening Post, October 23, 1954, p. 104. 15 Vogt, pp. 152-91, 212-63; Osborn, pp. 91-144.
56. Vogt, pp. 18-56; Osborn, pp. 3-66, 175-93; Ward Shepard, Food or Famine: The Challenge of Erosion (New York, 1945); H. H. Bennett, "Development of Natural Resources," Science, January 1947, pp. 1-4. Black and Kiefer, pp. 66-67; John Bird, "Will Your Grandchildren Go Hungry?" Saturday Evening Post, October 23, 1954, p. 104. 15 Vogt, pp. 152-91, 212-63; Osborn, pp. 91-144.
57. Vogt, pp. 18-56; Osborn, pp. 3-66, 175-93; Ward Shepard, Food or Famine: The Challenge of Erosion (New York, 1945); H. H. Bennett, "Development of Natural Resources," Science, January 1947, pp. 1-4. Black and Kiefer, pp. 66-67; John Bird, "Will Your Grandchildren Go Hungry?" Saturday Evening Post, October 23, 1954, p. 104. 15 Vogt, pp. 152-91, 212-63; Osborn, pp. 91-144.
58. Vogt, pp. 18-56; Osborn, pp. 3-66, 175-93; Ward Shepard, Food or Famine: The Challenge of Erosion (New York, 1945); H. H. Bennett, "Development of Natural Resources," Science, January 1947, pp. 1-4. Black and Kiefer, pp. 66-67; John Bird, "Will Your Grandchildren Go Hungry?" Saturday Evening Post, October 23, 1954, p. 104. 15 Vogt, pp. 152-91, 212-63; Osborn, pp. 91-144.
59. Leonard Engel, "Crops by Magic," Harper's, March 1948, pp. 278-84; John A. McWethy, "More Food with Power Farming," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 87-90; Robert M. Salter, "World Soil and Fertilizer Resources in Relation to Food Needs," Science, May 23, 1947, pp. 533-38; Robert Price Russell, "American Technology for Starved Lands," Atlantic Monthly, September 1947, pp. 50-53; Angus McDonald, "Those Long-Haired Scientists," New Republic, September 15, 1947, pp. 34-36; William L. Laurence, "Scientists Promise More Food for All," New York Times, December 28, 1949, p. 27.
60. Leonard Engel, "Crops by Magic," Harper's, March 1948, pp. 278-84; John A. McWethy, "More Food with Power Farming," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 87-90; Robert M. Salter, "World Soil and Fertilizer Resources in Relation to Food Needs," Science, May 23, 1947, pp. 533-38; Robert Price Russell, "American Technology for Starved Lands," Atlantic Monthly, September 1947, pp. 50-53; Angus McDonald, "Those Long-Haired Scientists," New Republic, September 15, 1947, pp. 34-36; William L. Laurence, "Scientists Promise More Food for All," New York Times, December 28, 1949, p. 27.
61. Leonard Engel, "Crops by Magic," Harper's, March 1948, pp. 278-84; John A. McWethy, "More Food with Power Farming," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 87-90; Robert M. Salter, "World Soil and Fertilizer Resources in Relation to Food Needs," Science, May 23, 1947, pp. 533-38; Robert Price Russell, "American Technology for Starved Lands," Atlantic Monthly, September 1947, pp. 50-53; Angus McDonald, "Those Long-Haired Scientists," New Republic, September 15, 1947, pp. 34-36; William L. Laurence, "Scientists Promise More Food for All," New York Times, December 28, 1949, p. 27.
62. Leonard Engel, "Crops by Magic," Harper's, March 1948, pp. 278-84; John A. McWethy, "More Food with Power Farming," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 87-90; Robert M. Salter, "World Soil and Fertilizer Resources in Relation to Food Needs," Science, May 23, 1947, pp. 533-38; Robert Price Russell, "American Technology for Starved Lands," Atlantic Monthly, September 1947, pp. 50-53; Angus McDonald, "Those Long-Haired Scientists," New Republic, September 15, 1947, pp. 34-36; William L. Laurence, "Scientists Promise More Food for All," New York Times, December 28, 1949, p. 27.
63. Leonard Engel, "Crops by Magic," Harper's, March 1948, pp. 278-84; John A. McWethy, "More Food with Power Farming," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 87-90; Robert M. Salter, "World Soil and Fertilizer Resources in Relation to Food Needs," Science, May 23, 1947, pp. 533-38; Robert Price Russell, "American Technology for Starved Lands," Atlantic Monthly, September 1947, pp. 50-53; Angus McDonald, "Those Long-Haired Scientists," New Republic, September 15, 1947, pp. 34-36; William L. Laurence, "Scientists Promise More Food for All," New York Times, December 28, 1949, p. 27.
64. Leonard Engel, "Crops by Magic," Harper's, March 1948, pp. 278-84; John A. McWethy, "More Food with Power Farming," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 87-90; Robert M. Salter, "World Soil and Fertilizer Resources in Relation to Food Needs," Science, May 23, 1947, pp. 533-38; Robert Price Russell, "American Technology for Starved Lands," Atlantic Monthly, September 1947, pp. 50-53; Angus McDonald, "Those Long-Haired Scientists," New Republic, September 15, 1947, pp. 34-36; William L. Laurence, "Scientists Promise More Food for All," New York Times, December 28, 1949, p. 27.
65. Kellogg quoted in Sax, "Population Problems" (n. 8 above).
66. Baker quoted in Joseph J. Spengler, "The World's Hunger - Malthus, 1948," Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science 23 (1949): 65.
67. Taschdjian (n. 11 above), p. 210; President's Water Resources Policy Commission, A Water Policy for the American People, vol. 1 (Washington, D.C., 1950), pp. 159-69, 163-64; Vogt, p. 79.
68. Taschdjian (n. 11 above), p. 210; President's Water Resources Policy Commission, A Water Policy for the American People, vol. 1 (Washington, D.C., 1950), pp. 159-69, 163-64; Vogt, p. 79.
69. Robert M. Salter, "World Soil and Fertilizer Resources in Relation to Food Needs," in DeTurk (n. 10 above), pp. 227-35.
70. Robert M. Salter, "World Soil and Fertilizer Resources in Relation to Food Needs," in DeTurk (n. 10 above), pp. 227-35.
71. Frank G. Boudreau, "Nutrition as a World Problem," Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2d ser., 8 (January 1946): 122.
72. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
73. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
74. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
75. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
76. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
77. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
78. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
79. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
80. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare,"
81. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
82. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
83. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
84. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
85. On fears of Asia, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Robert Cook, "Mother India's Starving Children," The Journal of Heredity 37 (April 1946): 103-6; "The World Has Too Many People," Science Digest, July 1945, pp. 71-74; Van de Water (n. 10 above) pp. 250-51; Warren S. Thompson, "The Problems of Population," New Republic, July 3, 1950, pp. 10-13; Robert Cook, Human Fertility: The Modern Dilemma (New York, 1951); W. H. Forbes, "What Will India Eat Tomorrow?" Atlantic, August 1951, pp. 36-40. M. K. Bennett, "Population and Food Supply: The Current Scare," Scientific Monthly, January 1949, p. 20. On the undesirable "Asian" or "coolie" diet, see Sax, "Population Problems"; Pearson and Harper (n. 8 above), p. 69; H. E. Babcock, "Surplus Food? There's No Such Animal," Saturday Evening Post, July 19, 1947, p. 29; Alfred J. Stamm, "Production of Nutritive Substances from Inedible Carbohydrates," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 68. For recent, highly positive research on the Asian diet, see Bonnie Liebman, "Lessons from China," Nutrition Action, December 1990, pp. 5-7; Joan Zoloth. "The New-Old Asian Diet," Washington Post, January 3, 1996, sec. E., p. 1.
86. Clark (n. 12 above); Thompson, "Problems of Population," and "Some Reflections on World Population and Food Supply During the Next Few Decades," in Mair (n. 12 above); Jean James, "Coming: Fewer Americans," Science Digest, February 1949, pp. 60-62; Spengler (n. 18 above). For a historical overview of population theory and policy, see Phyllis Tilson Piotrow, World Population Crisis; The United States Response (New York, 1973) , and Richard Symonds and Michael Carder, The United Nations and the Population Question (New York, 1973).
87. Clark (n. 12 above); Thompson, "Problems of Population," and "Some Reflections on World Population and Food Supply During the Next Few Decades," in Mair (n. 12 above); Jean James, "Coming: Fewer Americans," Science Digest, February 1949, pp. 60-62; Spengler (n. 18 above). For a historical overview of population theory and policy, see Phyllis Tilson Piotrow, World Population Crisis; The United States Response (New York, 1973) , and Richard Symonds and Michael Carder, The United Nations and the Population Question (New York, 1973).
88. Clark (n. 12 above); Thompson, "Problems of Population," and "Some Reflections on World Population and Food Supply During the Next Few Decades," in Mair (n. 12 above); Jean James, "Coming: Fewer Americans," Science Digest, February 1949, pp. 60-62; Spengler (n. 18 above). For a historical overview of population theory and policy, see Phyllis Tilson Piotrow, World Population Crisis; The United States Response (New York, 1973) , and Richard Symonds and Michael Carder, The United Nations and the Population Question (New York, 1973).
89. Clark (n. 12 above); Thompson, "Problems of Population," and "Some Reflections on World Population and Food Supply During the Next Few Decades," in Mair (n. 12 above); Jean James, "Coming: Fewer Americans," Science Digest, February 1949, pp. 60-62; Spengler (n. 18 above). For a historical overview of population theory and policy, see Phyllis Tilson Piotrow, World Population Crisis; The United States Response (New York, 1973) , and Richard Symonds and Michael Carder, The United Nations and the Population Question (New York, 1973).
90. Clark (n. 12 above); Thompson, "Problems of Population," and "Some Reflections on World Population and Food Supply During the Next Few Decades," in Mair (n. 12 above); Jean James, "Coming: Fewer Americans," Science Digest, February 1949, pp. 60-62; Spengler (n. 18 above). For a historical overview of population theory and policy, see Phyllis Tilson Piotrow, World Population Crisis; The United States Response (New York, 1973) , and Richard Symonds and Michael Carder, The United Nations and the Population Question (New York, 1973).
91. Clark (n. 12 above); Thompson, "Problems of Population," and "Some Reflections on World Population and Food Supply During the Next Few Decades," in Mair (n. 12 above); Jean James, "Coming: Fewer Americans," Science Digest, February 1949, pp. 60-62; Spengler (n. 18 above). For a historical overview of population theory and policy, see Phyllis Tilson Piotrow, World Population Crisis; The United States Response (New York, 1973) , and Richard Symonds and Michael Carder, The United Nations and the Population Question (New York, 1973).
92. John Boyd-Orr, The White Man's Dilemma: Food and the Future (London, 1953), pp. 73-81; and foreword to The Geography of Hunger, by Josue De Castro (Boston, 1952), pp. ix-xi.
93. John Boyd-Orr, The White Man's Dilemma: Food and the Future (London, 1953), pp. 73-81; and foreword to The Geography of Hunger, by Josue De Castro (Boston, 1952), pp. ix-xi.
94. Henry J. W. Dam, "Foods in the Year 2000," McClure's Magazine, September 1894, pp. 303-12; J. B. S. Haldane, Daedalus (London, 1924), pp. 36-40; Carl L. Alsberg, "Progress in Chemistry and the Theory of Population," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, May 1924, pp. 524-26; Edwin E. Slosson, "The Expansion of Chemistry," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, May 1924, pp. 447-50; Waldemar Kaempffert, "Chemistry Offers a Way Out for a 'Plundered Planet' in the World of Tomorrow," New York Times, May 15, 1949, sec. E., p. 9.
95. Henry J. W. Dam, "Foods in the Year 2000," McClure's Magazine, September 1894, pp. 303-12; J. B. S. Haldane, Daedalus (London, 1924), pp. 36-40; Carl L. Alsberg, "Progress in Chemistry and the Theory of Population," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, May 1924, pp. 524-26; Edwin E. Slosson, "The Expansion of Chemistry," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, May 1924, pp. 447-50; Waldemar Kaempffert, "Chemistry Offers a Way Out for a 'Plundered Planet' in the World of Tomorrow," New York Times, May 15, 1949, sec. E., p. 9.
96. Henry J. W. Dam, "Foods in the Year 2000," McClure's Magazine, September 1894, pp. 303-12; J. B. S. Haldane, Daedalus (London, 1924), pp. 36-40; Carl L. Alsberg, "Progress in Chemistry and the Theory of Population," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, May 1924, pp. 524-26; Edwin E. Slosson, "The Expansion of Chemistry," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, May 1924, pp. 447-50; Waldemar Kaempffert, "Chemistry Offers a Way Out for a 'Plundered Planet' in the World of Tomorrow," New York Times, May 15, 1949, sec. E., p. 9.
97. Henry J. W. Dam, "Foods in the Year 2000," McClure's Magazine, September 1894, pp. 303-12; J. B. S. Haldane, Daedalus (London, 1924), pp. 36-40; Carl L. Alsberg, "Progress in Chemistry and the Theory of Population," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, May 1924, pp. 524-26; Edwin E. Slosson, "The Expansion of Chemistry," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, May 1924, pp. 447-50; Waldemar Kaempffert, "Chemistry Offers a Way Out for a 'Plundered Planet' in the World of Tomorrow," New York Times, May 15, 1949, sec. E., p. 9.
98. Henry J. W. Dam, "Foods in the Year 2000," McClure's Magazine, September 1894, pp. 303-12; J. B. S. Haldane, Daedalus (London, 1924), pp. 36-40; Carl L. Alsberg, "Progress in Chemistry and the Theory of Population," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, May 1924, pp. 524-26; Edwin E. Slosson, "The Expansion of Chemistry," Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, May 1924, pp. 447-50; Waldemar Kaempffert, "Chemistry Offers a Way Out for a 'Plundered Planet' in the World of Tomorrow," New York Times, May 15, 1949, sec. E., p. 9.
99. Vernon Kellogg, "When Cabbages are Kings," World's Work, May 1925, pp. 52-53; C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), pp. 289-313 ; Robert E. Martin, "Life from the Test Tube," Popular Science Monthly, June 1936, p. 14 ff.; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, pp. 47-58; "Artificial Photosynthesis," SNL, December 18, 1954, pp. 387-88.
100. Vernon Kellogg, "When Cabbages are Kings," World's Work, May 1925, pp. 52-53; C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), pp. 289-313 ; Robert E. Martin, "Life from the Test Tube," Popular Science Monthly, June 1936, p. 14 ff.; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, pp. 47-58; "Artificial Photosynthesis," SNL, December 18, 1954, pp. 387-88.
101. Vernon Kellogg, "When Cabbages are Kings," World's Work, May 1925, pp. 52-53; C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), pp. 289-313 ; Robert E. Martin, "Life from the Test Tube," Popular Science Monthly, June 1936, p. 14 ff.; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, pp. 47-58; "Artificial Photosynthesis," SNL, December 18, 1954, pp. 387-88.
102. Vernon Kellogg, "When Cabbages are Kings," World's Work, May 1925, pp. 52-53; C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), pp. 289-313 ; Robert E. Martin, "Life from the Test Tube," Popular Science Monthly, June 1936, p. 14 ff.; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, pp. 47-58; "Artificial Photosynthesis," SNL, December 18, 1954, pp. 387-88.
103. Vernon Kellogg, "When Cabbages are Kings," World's Work, May 1925, pp. 52-53; C. C. Furnas, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1936), pp. 289-313 ; Robert E. Martin, "Life from the Test Tube," Popular Science Monthly, June 1936, p. 14 ff.; B. W. Kunkel, "The Fat of the Land," Scientific Monthly, January 1938, pp. 47-58; "Artificial Photosynthesis," SNL, December 18, 1954, pp. 387-88.
104. William L. Laurence, Dawn over Zero: The Story of the Atomic Bomb (New York, 1946), pp. 265-69, and " Sea Soon May Yield Great Food Stores," New York Times, June 21, 1948, p. 1; "Man-Made Food Possible," SNL, September 25, 1948, p. 198; Engel (n. 16 above), pp. 278-82.
105. William L. Laurence, Dawn over Zero: The Story of the Atomic Bomb (New York, 1946), pp. 265-69, and " Sea Soon May Yield Great Food Stores," New York Times, June 21, 1948, p. 1; "Man-Made Food Possible," SNL, September 25, 1948, p. 198; Engel (n. 16 above), pp. 278-82.
106. William L. Laurence, Dawn over Zero: The Story of the Atomic Bomb (New York, 1946), pp. 265-69, and " Sea Soon May Yield Great Food Stores," New York Times, June 21, 1948, p. 1; "Man-Made Food Possible," SNL, September 25, 1948, p. 198; Engel (n. 16 above), pp. 278-82.
107. William L. Laurence, Dawn over Zero: The Story of the Atomic Bomb (New York, 1946), pp. 265-69, and " Sea Soon May Yield Great Food Stores," New York Times, June 21, 1948, p. 1; "Man-Made Food Possible," SNL, September 25, 1948, p. 198; Engel (n. 16 above), pp. 278-82.
108. J. Russell Smith (n. 6 above), pp. 329-54; J. D. Bernal, The Social Function of Science (London, 1939), p. 348; "Foods and Technology of Tomorrow," Food Industries, April 1939, p. 215; "Man-Made Food Possible," SNL, September 25, 1948, p. 198.
109. J. Russell Smith (n. 6 above), pp. 329-54; J. D. Bernal, The Social Function of Science (London, 1939), p. 348; "Foods and Technology of Tomorrow," Food Industries, April 1939, p. 215; "Man-Made Food Possible," SNL, September 25, 1948, p. 198.
110. J. Russell Smith (n. 6 above), pp. 329-54; J. D. Bernal, The Social Function of Science (London, 1939), p. 348; "Foods and Technology of Tomorrow," Food Industries, April 1939, p. 215; "Man-Made Food Possible," SNL, September 25, 1948, p. 198.
111. J. Russell Smith (n. 6 above), pp. 329-54; J. D. Bernal, The Social Function of Science (London, 1939), p. 348; "Foods and Technology of Tomorrow," Food Industries, April 1939, p. 215; "Man-Made Food Possible," SNL, September 25, 1948, p. 198.
112. Gordon A. Riley, "Food from the Sea," Scientific American, October 1949, pp. 16-19; George A. Reay, "The Ocean as a Potential Source of World Food Supply," Food Technology, February 1954, pp. 65-69; F. G. Walton Smith and Henry Chapin, The Sun, The Sea, and Tomorrow (London, 1955).
113. Gordon A. Riley, "Food from the Sea," Scientific American, October 1949, pp. 16-19; George A. Reay, "The Ocean as a Potential Source of World Food Supply," Food Technology, February 1954, pp. 65-69; F. G. Walton Smith and Henry Chapin, The Sun, The Sea, and Tomorrow (London, 1955).
114. Gordon A. Riley, "Food from the Sea," Scientific American, October 1949, pp. 16-19; George A. Reay, "The Ocean as a Potential Source of World Food Supply," Food Technology, February 1954, pp. 65-69; F. G. Walton Smith and Henry Chapin, The Sun, The Sea, and Tomorrow (London, 1955).
115. Richard L. Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis and Its Social Effects," Chemical and Engineering News, October 24, 1949, pp. 3112-16; H. A. Spoehr, "Chlorella as a Source of Food." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 62-67; John S. Burlew, "Current Status of the Large-Scale Culture of Algae," in Algal Culture: From Laboratory to Pilot Plant, ed. John S. Burlew (Washington, D.C., 1953).
116. Richard L. Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis and Its Social Effects," Chemical and Engineering News, October 24, 1949, pp. 3112-16; H. A. Spoehr, "Chlorella as a Source of Food." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 62-67; John S. Burlew, "Current Status of the Large-Scale Culture of Algae," in Algal Culture: From Laboratory to Pilot Plant, ed. John S. Burlew (Washington, D.C., 1953).
117. Richard L. Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis and Its Social Effects," Chemical and Engineering News, October 24, 1949, pp. 3112-16; H. A. Spoehr, "Chlorella as a Source of Food." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95 (February 1951): 62-67; John S. Burlew, "Current Status of the Large-Scale Culture of Algae," in Algal Culture: From Laboratory to Pilot Plant, ed. John S. Burlew (Washington, D.C., 1953).
118. Dean Burk, "Vast Energy from Tiny Plants," Science Digest, June 1950, pp. 83-85.
119. Burlew, p. 4; Harold W. Milner, "Algae as Food," Scientific American, October 1953, p. 31; "Food or Fuel from Algae?" Science Digest, April 1954, pp. 65-67; review of Algal Culture, ed. John S. Burlew, Food Technology, January 1954, p. 18. Note that 65 grams of protein was a generous allowance; many nutritionists today recommend a somewhat lower daily protein intake, although most Americans eat far more.
120. Burlew, p. 4; Harold W. Milner, "Algae as Food," Scientific American, October 1953, p. 31; "Food or Fuel from Algae?" Science Digest, April 1954, pp. 65-67; review of Algal Culture, ed. John S. Burlew, Food Technology, January 1954, p. 18. Note that 65 grams of protein was a generous allowance; many nutritionists today recommend a somewhat lower daily protein intake, although most Americans eat far more.
121. Burlew, p. 4; Harold W. Milner, "Algae as Food," Scientific American, October 1953, p. 31; "Food or Fuel from Algae?" Science Digest, April 1954, pp. 65-67; review of Algal Culture, ed. John S. Burlew, Food Technology, January 1954, p. 18. Note that 65 grams of protein was a generous allowance; many nutritionists today recommend a somewhat lower daily protein intake, although most Americans eat far more.
122. Burlew, p. 4; Harold W. Milner, "Algae as Food," Scientific American, October 1953, p. 31; "Food or Fuel from Algae?" Science Digest, April 1954, pp. 65-67; review of Algal Culture, ed. John S. Burlew, Food Technology, January 1954, p. 18. Note that 65 grams of protein was a generous allowance; many nutritionists today recommend a somewhat lower daily protein intake, although most Americans eat far more.
123. Taschdjian (n. 11 above), pp. 211-12.
124. Harrison Brown, The Challenge of Man's Future. (New York, 1954), pp. 144-45; Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants" (n. 3 above), p. 26. Barbara Ford, "Algae experts tend to be optimistic," Future Food: Alternate Protein for the Year 2000 (New York, 1978), p. 186.
125. Harrison Brown, The Challenge of Man's Future. (New York, 1954), pp. 144-45; Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants" (n. 3 above), p. 26. Barbara Ford, "Algae experts tend to be optimistic," Future Food: Alternate Protein for the Year 2000 (New York, 1978), p. 186.
126. Harrison Brown, The Challenge of Man's Future. (New York, 1954), pp. 144-45; Laurence, "Vital Force Found in Plants" (n. 3 above), p. 26. Barbara Ford, "Algae experts tend to be optimistic," Future Food: Alternate Protein for the Year 2000 (New York, 1978), p. 186.
127. Velie (n. 1 above), pp. 9-14.
128. Burk, "Vast Energy," and "Food or Fuel from Algae?" Science Digest, April 1954, pp. 65-67; Thomas E. Stimson, "Algae for Dinner," Popular Mechanics, November 1955, pp. 135-36.
129. Burk, "Vast Energy," and "Food or Fuel from Algae?" Science Digest, April 1954, pp. 65-67; Thomas E. Stimson, "Algae for Dinner," Popular Mechanics, November 1955, pp. 135-36.
130. Herbert J. Gans, Deciding What's News (New York, 1980), pp. 156-57.
131. "Let Them Eat Kelp," Fortune, July 1956, p. 72; Edgar Ansel Mowrer, "Sawdust, Seaweed, and Synthetics: The Hazards of Crowing," Saturday Review, December 8, 1956, pp. 11-13. More recent examples of algae's dyspepsia-inducing reputation: "New Foods for Fighting Famine," Newsweek, February 27, 1967, pp. 87-90; Joan Frank, "The Slime that Refreshes," Washington Post, August 20, 1995, sec. C, p. 1.
132. "Let Them Eat Kelp," Fortune, July 1956, p. 72; Edgar Ansel Mowrer, "Sawdust, Seaweed, and Synthetics: The Hazards of Crowing," Saturday Review, December 8, 1956, pp. 11-13. More recent examples of algae's dyspepsia-inducing reputation: "New Foods for Fighting Famine," Newsweek, February 27, 1967, pp. 87-90; Joan Frank, "The Slime that Refreshes," Washington Post, August 20, 1995, sec. C, p. 1.
133. "Let Them Eat Kelp," Fortune, July 1956, p. 72; Edgar Ansel Mowrer, "Sawdust, Seaweed, and Synthetics: The Hazards of Crowing," Saturday Review, December 8, 1956, pp. 11-13. More recent examples of algae's dyspepsia-inducing reputation: "New Foods for Fighting Famine," Newsweek, February 27, 1967, pp. 87-90; Joan Frank, "The Slime that Refreshes," Washington Post, August 20, 1995, sec. C, p. 1.
134. "Let Them Eat Kelp," Fortune, July 1956, p. 72; Edgar Ansel Mowrer, "Sawdust, Seaweed, and Synthetics: The Hazards of Crowing," Saturday Review, December 8, 1956, pp. 11-13. More recent examples of algae's dyspepsia-inducing reputation: "New Foods for Fighting Famine," Newsweek, February 27, 1967, pp. 87-90; Joan Frank, "The Slime that Refreshes," Washington Post, August 20, 1995, sec. C, p. 1.
135. "Algae to Feed Starving," SNL, July 18, 1953, p. 35; "Future Food Factory?" SNL, January 2, 1952, front cover.
136. "Algae to Feed Starving," SNL, July 18, 1953, p. 35; "Future Food Factory?" SNL, January 2, 1952, front cover.
137. John E. Despaul (assistant chief, U.S. Military Food Subsistence Laboratory), "Tomorrow's Dinner," SNL, September 13, 1958, pp. 170-71;
138. Allan Carpenter, "Weird Crops of the Future," Science Digest, November 1951, p. 52.
139. On the popularization of science, see John C. Burnham, How Superstition Won and Science Lost: Popularizing Science and Health in the United States (New Brunswick, N.J., 1987); Marcel G. LaFollette, Making Science Our Own: Public Images of Science, 1910-1955 (Chicago, 1990); Warren Belasco, Appetite for Change: How the Counterculture Took On the Food Industry (Ithaca, N.Y., 1993), pp. 154-83; Peter J. Kuznick, "Losing the World of Tomorrow: The Battle over the Presentation of Science at the 1939 New York World's Fair," American Quarterly 46 (1994): 341-73.
140. On the popularization of science, see John C. Burnham, How Superstition Won and Science Lost: Popularizing Science and Health in the United States (New Brunswick, N.J., 1987); Marcel G. LaFollette, Making Science Our Own: Public Images of Science, 1910-1955 (Chicago, 1990); Warren Belasco, Appetite for Change: How the Counterculture Took On the Food Industry (Ithaca, N.Y., 1993), pp. 154-83; Peter J. Kuznick, "Losing the World of Tomorrow: The Battle over the Presentation of Science at the 1939 New York World's Fair," American Quarterly 46 (1994): 341-73.
141. On the popularization of science, see John C. Burnham, How Superstition Won and Science Lost: Popularizing Science and Health in the United States (New Brunswick, N.J., 1987); Marcel G. LaFollette, Making Science Our Own: Public Images of Science, 1910-1955 (Chicago, 1990); Warren Belasco, Appetite for Change: How the Counterculture Took On the Food Industry (Ithaca, N.Y., 1993), pp. 154-83; Peter J. Kuznick, "Losing the World of Tomorrow: The Battle over the Presentation of Science at the 1939 New York World's Fair," American Quarterly 46 (1994): 341-73.
142. On the popularization of science, see John C. Burnham, How Superstition Won and Science Lost: Popularizing Science and Health in the United States (New Brunswick, N.J., 1987); Marcel G. LaFollette, Making Science Our Own: Public Images of Science, 1910-1955 (Chicago, 1990); Warren Belasco, Appetite for Change: How the Counterculture Took On the Food Industry (Ithaca, N.Y., 1993), pp. 154-83; Peter J. Kuznick, "Losing the World of Tomorrow: The Battle over the Presentation of Science at the 1939 New York World's Fair," American Quarterly 46 (1994): 341-73.
143. Corn, Imagining Tomorrow (n. 4 above), pp. 219-29.
144. Francis Joseph Weiss, "The Useful Algae," Scientific American, December 1952, pp. 14-17.
145. "Chemists and the World Ahead," Newsweek, September 17, 1951, p. 55; Larsen (n. 1 above), pp. 39-41; Laurence, "Vital Force" (n. 3 above), 1; Bird (n. 14 above), p. 30 ff.; Victor Cohn, 1999: Our Hopeful Future (Indianapolis, 1956), pp. 104-11, 123-29.
146. "Chemists and the World Ahead," Newsweek, September 17, 1951, p. 55; Larsen (n. 1 above), pp. 39-41; Laurence, "Vital Force" (n. 3 above), 1; Bird (n. 14 above), p. 30 ff.; Victor Cohn, 1999: Our Hopeful Future (Indianapolis, 1956), pp. 104-11, 123-29.
147. "Chemists and the World Ahead," Newsweek, September 17, 1951, p. 55; Larsen (n. 1 above), pp. 39-41; Laurence, "Vital Force" (n. 3 above), 1; Bird (n. 14 above), p. 30 ff.; Victor Cohn, 1999: Our Hopeful Future (Indianapolis, 1956), pp. 104-11, 123-29.
148. "Chemists and the World Ahead," Newsweek, September 17, 1951, p. 55; Larsen (n. 1 above), pp. 39-41; Laurence, "Vital Force" (n. 3 above), 1; Bird (n. 14 above), p. 30 ff.; Victor Cohn, 1999: Our Hopeful Future (Indianapolis, 1956), pp. 104-11, 123-29.
149. "Chemists and the World Ahead," Newsweek, September 17, 1951, p. 55; Larsen (n. 1 above), pp. 39-41; Laurence, "Vital Force" (n. 3 above), 1; Bird (n. 14 above), p. 30 ff.; Victor Cohn, 1999: Our Hopeful Future (Indianapolis, 1956), pp. 104-11, 123-29.
150. Laurence, Dawn over Zero (n. 28 above), p. 40; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development: New Patterns of Living (Cambridge, 1956), p. 73; De Castro (n. 25 above). p. 297.
151. Laurence, Dawn over Zero (n. 28 above), p. 40; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development: New Patterns of Living (Cambridge, 1956), p. 73; De Castro (n. 25 above). p. 297.
152. Laurence, Dawn over Zero (n. 28 above), p. 40; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development: New Patterns of Living (Cambridge, 1956), p. 73; De Castro (n. 25 above). p. 297.
153. Stephen L. Del Sesto, "Wasn't the Future of Nuclear Energy Wonderful?" in Corn, Imagining Tomorrow, pp. 58-76; Rosalind Williams, Notes on the Underground: An Essay on Technology, Society, and the Imagination (Cambridge, 1990), p. 103.
154. Stephen L. Del Sesto, "Wasn't the Future of Nuclear Energy Wonderful?" in Corn, Imagining Tomorrow, pp. 58-76; Rosalind Williams, Notes on the Underground: An Essay on Technology, Society, and the Imagination (Cambridge, 1990), p. 103.
155. Jack Winocour, "The Malthusian Mischief," Fortune, May 1952, p. 96 ff.; De Castro, p. 299; Robert Brittain, Let There Be Bread (New York, 1952), pp. 9, 223.
156. Jack Winocour, "The Malthusian Mischief," Fortune, May 1952, p. 96 ff.; De Castro, p. 299; Robert Brittain, Let There Be Bread (New York, 1952), pp. 9, 223.
157. Osborn (n. 8 above), p. 29; Samuel H. Ordway, Resources and the American Dream (New York, 1953), p. 26; Robert C. Cook, "The Population Bomb," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 1956, p. 298. In Frederick Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's 1952 science fiction classic, The Space Merchants (New York, 1985), the protagonist, an advertising executive, is shanghaied to Costa Rica, where he works as a slave laborer in an eighty-six-story algae plantation, whose function is to supply protein feed to a headless, limbless Chicken Little. Raised on New York City sludge, algae was skimmed from tanks, processed into glucose, and then piped to Chicken Little. The idea that chickens might one day be bred as pure meat-no "waste"-was raised by an out-of-office Winston Churchill in "Fifty Years Hence," Popular Mechanics, March 1932, p. 397. Pohl and Kornbluth also allowed for an underground "consie" who, like Osborn and Vogt (n. 8 above), vainly pushed soil conservation, birth control, and an end to waste.
158. Osborn (n. 8 above), p. 29; Samuel H. Ordway, Resources and the American Dream (New York, 1953), p. 26; Robert C. Cook, "The Population Bomb," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 1956, p. 298. In Frederick Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's 1952 science fiction classic, The Space Merchants (New York, 1985), the protagonist, an advertising executive, is shanghaied to Costa Rica, where he works as a slave laborer in an eighty-six-story algae plantation, whose function is to supply protein feed to a headless, limbless Chicken Little. Raised on New York City sludge, algae was skimmed from tanks, processed into glucose, and then piped to Chicken Little. The idea that chickens might one day be bred as pure meat-no "waste"-was raised by an out-of-office Winston Churchill in "Fifty Years Hence," Popular Mechanics, March 1932, p. 397. Pohl and Kornbluth also allowed for an underground "consie" who, like Osborn and Vogt (n. 8 above), vainly pushed soil conservation, birth control, and an end to waste.
159. Osborn (n. 8 above), p. 29; Samuel H. Ordway, Resources and the American Dream (New York, 1953), p. 26; Robert C. Cook, "The Population Bomb," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 1956, p. 298. In Frederick Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's 1952 science fiction classic, The Space Merchants (New York, 1985), the protagonist, an advertising executive, is shanghaied to Costa Rica, where he works as a slave laborer in an eighty-six-story algae plantation, whose function is to supply protein feed to a headless, limbless Chicken Little. Raised on New York City sludge, algae was skimmed from tanks, processed into glucose, and then piped to Chicken Little. The idea that chickens might one day be bred as pure meat-no "waste"-was raised by an out-of-office Winston Churchill in "Fifty Years Hence," Popular Mechanics, March 1932, p. 397. Pohl and Kornbluth also allowed for an underground "consie" who, like Osborn and Vogt (n. 8 above), vainly pushed soil conservation, birth control, and an end to waste.
160. Osborn (n. 8 above), p. 29; Samuel H. Ordway, Resources and the American Dream (New York, 1953), p. 26; Robert C. Cook, "The Population Bomb," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 1956, p. 298. In Frederick Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's 1952 science fiction classic, The Space Merchants (New York, 1985), the protagonist, an advertising executive, is shanghaied to Costa Rica, where he works as a slave laborer in an eighty-six-story algae plantation, whose function is to supply protein feed to a headless, limbless Chicken Little. Raised on New York City sludge, algae was skimmed from tanks, processed into glucose, and then piped to Chicken Little. The idea that chickens might one day be bred as pure meat-no "waste"-was raised by an out-of-office Winston Churchill in "Fifty Years Hence," Popular Mechanics, March 1932, p. 397. Pohl and Kornbluth also allowed for an underground "consie" who, like Osborn and Vogt (n. 8 above), vainly pushed soil conservation, birth control, and an end to waste.
161. Osborn (n. 8 above), p. 29; Samuel H. Ordway, Resources and the American Dream (New York, 1953), p. 26; Robert C. Cook, "The Population Bomb," Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 1956, p. 298. In Frederick Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's 1952 science fiction classic, The Space Merchants (New York, 1985), the protagonist, an advertising executive, is shanghaied to Costa Rica, where he works as a slave laborer in an eighty-six-story algae plantation, whose function is to supply protein feed to a headless, limbless Chicken Little. Raised on New York City sludge, algae was skimmed from tanks, processed into glucose, and then piped to Chicken Little. The idea that chickens might one day be bred as pure meat-no "waste"-was raised by an out-of-office Winston Churchill in "Fifty Years Hence," Popular Mechanics, March 1932, p. 397. Pohl and Kornbluth also allowed for an underground "consie" who, like Osborn and Vogt (n. 8 above), vainly pushed soil conservation, birth control, and an end to waste.
162. Spoehr (n. 31 above), p. 63; Jacob Rosin and Max Eastman, The Road to Abundance (New York, 1953), pp. 5-6.
163. Spoehr (n. 31 above), p. 63; Jacob Rosin and Max Eastman, The Road to Abundance (New York, 1953), pp. 5-6.
164. Stimson (n. 37 above), p. 262; Milner (n. 33 above), pp. 31-35.
165. Stimson (n. 37 above), p. 262; Milner (n. 33 above), pp. 31-35.
166. Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis"(n. 31 above).
167. Larsen (n. 1 above), pp. 39-41; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis."
168. Larsen (n. 1 above), pp. 39-41; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis."
169. Brittain (n. 48 above), p. 102.
170. Yuji Morimura and Nobuko Tamiya, "Preliminary Experiments in the Use of Chlorella as Human Food," Food Technology, April 1954, pp. 179-82; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis," p. 3115; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), pp. 68-73; Bonner as quoted in Proceedings of "The Next Hundred Years": A Symposium (New York, 1957), p. 31; J. Gordon Cook, The Fight for Food (New York, 1957), p. 202. On 1950s attitudes toward highly processed foods, see Gary Schremp, Kitchen Culture: Fifty Years of Food Fads (New York, 1991), pp. 35-60; Jane and Michael Stern, Square Meals (New York, 1984), pp. 246-319; Harvey Levenstein, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (New York, 1993), pp. 101-18. On the New Nutrition, see Harvey Levenstein, Revolution at the Table: the Transformation of the American Diet (New York, 1988).
171. Yuji Morimura and Nobuko Tamiya, "Preliminary Experiments in the Use of Chlorella as Human Food," Food Technology, April 1954, pp. 179-82; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis," p. 3115; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), pp. 68-73; Bonner as quoted in Proceedings of "The Next Hundred Years": A Symposium (New York, 1957), p. 31; J. Gordon Cook, The Fight for Food (New York, 1957), p. 202. On 1950s attitudes toward highly processed foods, see Gary Schremp, Kitchen Culture: Fifty Years of Food Fads (New York, 1991), pp. 35-60; Jane and Michael Stern, Square Meals (New York, 1984), pp. 246-319; Harvey Levenstein, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (New York, 1993), pp. 101-18. On the New Nutrition, see Harvey Levenstein, Revolution at the Table: the Transformation of the American Diet (New York, 1988).
172. Yuji Morimura and Nobuko Tamiya, "Preliminary Experiments in the Use of Chlorella as Human Food," Food Technology, April 1954, pp. 179-82; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis," p. 3115; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), pp. 68-73; Bonner as quoted in Proceedings of "The Next Hundred Years": A Symposium (New York, 1957), p. 31; J. Gordon Cook, The Fight for Food (New York, 1957), p. 202. On 1950s attitudes toward highly processed foods, see Gary Schremp, Kitchen Culture: Fifty Years of Food Fads (New York, 1991), pp. 35-60; Jane and Michael Stern, Square Meals (New York, 1984), pp. 246-319; Harvey Levenstein, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (New York, 1993), pp. 101-18. On the New Nutrition, see Harvey Levenstein, Revolution at the Table: the Transformation of the American Diet (New York, 1988).
173. Yuji Morimura and Nobuko Tamiya, "Preliminary Experiments in the Use of Chlorella as Human Food," Food Technology, April 1954, pp. 179-82; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis," p. 3115; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), pp. 68-73; Bonner as quoted in Proceedings of "The Next Hundred Years": A Symposium (New York, 1957), p. 31; J. Gordon Cook, The Fight for Food (New York, 1957), p. 202. On 1950s attitudes toward highly processed foods, see Gary Schremp, Kitchen Culture: Fifty Years of Food Fads (New York, 1991), pp. 35-60; Jane and Michael Stern, Square Meals (New York, 1984), pp. 246-319; Harvey Levenstein, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (New York, 1993), pp. 101-18. On the New Nutrition, see Harvey Levenstein, Revolution at the Table: the Transformation of the American Diet (New York, 1988).
174. Yuji Morimura and Nobuko Tamiya, "Preliminary Experiments in the Use of Chlorella as Human Food," Food Technology, April 1954, pp. 179-82; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis," p. 3115; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), pp. 68-73; Bonner as quoted in Proceedings of "The Next Hundred Years": A Symposium (New York, 1957), p. 31; J. Gordon Cook, The Fight for Food (New York, 1957), p. 202. On 1950s attitudes toward highly processed foods, see Gary Schremp, Kitchen Culture: Fifty Years of Food Fads (New York, 1991), pp. 35-60; Jane and Michael Stern, Square Meals (New York, 1984), pp. 246-319; Harvey Levenstein, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (New York, 1993), pp. 101-18. On the New Nutrition, see Harvey Levenstein, Revolution at the Table: the Transformation of the American Diet (New York, 1988).
175. Yuji Morimura and Nobuko Tamiya, "Preliminary Experiments in the Use of Chlorella as Human Food," Food Technology, April 1954, pp. 179-82; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis," p. 3115; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), pp. 68-73; Bonner as quoted in Proceedings of "The Next Hundred Years": A Symposium (New York, 1957), p. 31; J. Gordon Cook, The Fight for Food (New York, 1957), p. 202. On 1950s attitudes toward highly processed foods, see Gary Schremp, Kitchen Culture: Fifty Years of Food Fads (New York, 1991), pp. 35-60; Jane and Michael Stern, Square Meals (New York, 1984), pp. 246-319; Harvey Levenstein, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (New York, 1993), pp. 101-18. On the New Nutrition, see Harvey Levenstein, Revolution at the Table: the Transformation of the American Diet (New York, 1988).
176. Yuji Morimura and Nobuko Tamiya, "Preliminary Experiments in the Use of Chlorella as Human Food," Food Technology, April 1954, pp. 179-82; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis," p. 3115; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), pp. 68-73; Bonner as quoted in Proceedings of "The Next Hundred Years": A Symposium (New York, 1957), p. 31; J. Gordon Cook, The Fight for Food (New York, 1957), p. 202. On 1950s attitudes toward highly processed foods, see Gary Schremp, Kitchen Culture: Fifty Years of Food Fads (New York, 1991), pp. 35-60; Jane and Michael Stern, Square Meals (New York, 1984), pp. 246-319; Harvey Levenstein, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (New York, 1993), pp. 101-18. On the New Nutrition, see Harvey Levenstein, Revolution at the Table: the Transformation of the American Diet (New York, 1988).
177. Yuji Morimura and Nobuko Tamiya, "Preliminary Experiments in the Use of Chlorella as Human Food," Food Technology, April 1954, pp. 179-82; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis," p. 3115; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), pp. 68-73; Bonner as quoted in Proceedings of "The Next Hundred Years": A Symposium (New York, 1957), p. 31; J. Gordon Cook, The Fight for Food (New York, 1957), p. 202. On 1950s attitudes toward highly processed foods, see Gary Schremp, Kitchen Culture: Fifty Years of Food Fads (New York, 1991), pp. 35-60; Jane and Michael Stern, Square Meals (New York, 1984), pp. 246-319; Harvey Levenstein, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (New York, 1993), pp. 101-18. On the New Nutrition, see Harvey Levenstein, Revolution at the Table: the Transformation of the American Diet (New York, 1988).
178. Yuji Morimura and Nobuko Tamiya, "Preliminary Experiments in the Use of Chlorella as Human Food," Food Technology, April 1954, pp. 179-82; Meier, "Industrialization of Photosynthesis," p. 3115; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), pp. 68-73; Bonner as quoted in Proceedings of "The Next Hundred Years": A Symposium (New York, 1957), p. 31; J. Gordon Cook, The Fight for Food (New York, 1957), p. 202. On 1950s attitudes toward highly processed foods, see Gary Schremp, Kitchen Culture: Fifty Years of Food Fads (New York, 1991), pp. 35-60; Jane and Michael Stern, Square Meals (New York, 1984), pp. 246-319; Harvey Levenstein, Paradox of Plenty: A Social History of Eating in Modern America (New York, 1993), pp. 101-18. On the New Nutrition, see Harvey Levenstein, Revolution at the Table: the Transformation of the American Diet (New York, 1988).
179. Morimura and Tamiya; A. W. Fisher and John S. Burlew, "Nutritional Value of Microscopic Algae," in Burlew (n. 31 above), pp. 303-10.
180. Morimura and Tamiya; A. W. Fisher and John S. Burlew, "Nutritional Value of Microscopic Algae," in Burlew (n. 31 above), pp. 303-10.
181. This "moderate" view of algae as animal feed was represented by the FAO's John Boyd-Orr (n. 25 above), Cal Tech geochemist Harrison Brown (n. 35 above), FAO official Josue De Castro (n. 25 above), and the Rockefeller Foundation's agriculture research director, J. G. Harrar (n. 3 above), p. 316, as well as the scientist mostly closely associated with the Carnegie Institution chlorella project, John S. Burlew. On the "technological fix," see Corn, Imagining Tomorrow (n. 4 above), p. 221.
182. Stimson (n. 37 above), p. 264.
183. For examples of such economic reasoning, see Milner (n. 33 above), p. 34; Boyd-Orr, forward to De Castro (n. 25 above), p. xi; Boyd-Orr, The White Man's Dilemma (n. 25 above), pp. 73-80; Compton (n. 3 above).
184. For examples of such economic reasoning, see Milner (n. 33 above), p. 34; Boyd-Orr, forward to De Castro (n. 25 above), p. xi; Boyd-Orr, The White Man's Dilemma (n. 25 above), pp. 73-80; Compton (n. 3 above).
185. For examples of such economic reasoning, see Milner (n. 33 above), p. 34; Boyd-Orr, forward to De Castro (n. 25 above), p. xi; Boyd-Orr, The White Man's Dilemma (n. 25 above), pp. 73-80; Compton (n. 3 above).
186. For examples of such economic reasoning, see Milner (n. 33 above), p. 34; Boyd-Orr, forward to De Castro (n. 25 above), p. xi; Boyd-Orr, The White Man's Dilemma (n. 25 above), pp. 73-80; Compton (n. 3 above).
187. Lester Brown et al., Vital Signs: The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future (New York, 1994), p. 29; Lester Brown and Hal Kane, Full House: Reassessing the Earth's Population Carrying Capacity (New York, 1994), p. 166; Dean R. Thacker and Harold Babcock, "The Mass Culture of Algae," The. Journal of Solar Energy, Science, and Engineering 1 (January 1957): 37-50; Robert Henrikson, Earth Food Spirulina (Laguna Beach, Calif., 1989), pp. 91-92. A small part of the reason for the drop in the percentage of world population deemed hungry was that nutritionists lowered daily protein and calorie requirements. See Joel E. Cohen, How Many People Can the World Support? (New York, 1995), pp. 426-28.
188. Lester Brown et al., Vital Signs: The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future (New York, 1994), p. 29; Lester Brown and Hal Kane, Full House: Reassessing the Earth's Population Carrying Capacity (New York, 1994), p. 166; Dean R. Thacker and Harold Babcock, "The Mass Culture of Algae," The. Journal of Solar Energy, Science, and Engineering 1 (January 1957): 37-50; Robert Henrikson, Earth Food Spirulina (Laguna Beach, Calif., 1989), pp. 91-92. A small part of the reason for the drop in the percentage of world population deemed hungry was that nutritionists lowered daily protein and calorie requirements. See Joel E. Cohen, How Many People Can the World Support? (New York, 1995), pp. 426-28.
189. Lester Brown et al., Vital Signs: The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future (New York, 1994), p. 29; Lester Brown and Hal Kane, Full House: Reassessing the Earth's Population Carrying Capacity (New York, 1994), p. 166; Dean R. Thacker and Harold Babcock, "The Mass Culture of Algae," The. Journal of Solar Energy, Science, and Engineering 1 (January 1957): 37-50; Robert Henrikson, Earth Food Spirulina (Laguna Beach, Calif., 1989), pp. 91-92. A small part of the reason for the drop in the percentage of world population deemed hungry was that nutritionists lowered daily protein and calorie requirements. See Joel E. Cohen, How Many People Can the World Support? (New York, 1995), pp. 426-28.
190. Lester Brown et al., Vital Signs: The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future (New York, 1994), p. 29; Lester Brown and Hal Kane, Full House: Reassessing the Earth's Population Carrying Capacity (New York, 1994), p. 166; Dean R. Thacker and Harold Babcock, "The Mass Culture of Algae," The. Journal of Solar Energy, Science, and Engineering 1 (January 1957): 37-50; Robert Henrikson, Earth Food Spirulina (Laguna Beach, Calif., 1989), pp. 91-92. A small part of the reason for the drop in the percentage of world population deemed hungry was that nutritionists lowered daily protein and calorie requirements. See Joel E. Cohen, How Many People Can the World Support? (New York, 1995), pp. 426-28.
191. Lester Brown et al., Vital Signs: The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future (New York, 1994), p. 29; Lester Brown and Hal Kane, Full House: Reassessing the Earth's Population Carrying Capacity (New York, 1994), p. 166; Dean R. Thacker and Harold Babcock, "The Mass Culture of Algae," The. Journal of Solar Energy, Science, and Engineering 1 (January 1957): 37-50; Robert Henrikson, Earth Food Spirulina (Laguna Beach, Calif., 1989), pp. 91-92. A small part of the reason for the drop in the percentage of world population deemed hungry was that nutritionists lowered daily protein and calorie requirements. See Joel E. Cohen, How Many People Can the World Support? (New York, 1995), pp. 426-28.
192. Brown and Kane, p. 210.
193. Thacker and Babcock, p. 41; Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), p. 56; N. W. Pirie, "Orthodox and Unorthodox Methods of Meeting World Food Needs," Scientific American, February 1967, p. 33.
194. Thacker and Babcock, p. 41; Meier, Science and Economic Development (n. 46 above), p. 56; N. W. Pirie, "Orthodox and Unorthodox Methods of Meeting World Food Needs," Scientific American, February 1967, p. 33.
195. Thacker and Babcock, p. 47; "New Foods for Fighting Famine," Newsweek, February 26, 1967, p. 89; "Program Aims at Chemical Synthesis of Food," Chemical and Engineering News, February 21, 1972, p. 19.
196. Thacker and Babcock, p. 47; "New Foods for Fighting Famine," Newsweek, February 26, 1967, p. 89; "Program Aims at Chemical Synthesis of Food," Chemical and Engineering News, February 21, 1972, p. 19.
197. Harrison Brown, James Bonner, John Weir, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1957), p. 77; A. Watson Shaw, Aquaculture and Algae Culture (Park Ridge, N.J., 1979), pp. 242-47.
198. Harrison Brown, James Bonner, John Weir, The Next Hundred Years (New York, 1957), p. 77; A. Watson Shaw, Aquaculture and Algae Culture (Park Ridge, N.J., 1979), pp. 242-47.
199. Thacker and Babcock, p. 50.
200. Peter J. Donaldson, Nature Against Us: The U.S. and the World Population Crisis, 1965-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C. 1990); James Reid, The Birth Control Movement and American Society (Princeton, 1983), pp. 281-88; Symonds and Carder (n. 24 above), pp. 133-202; Jack Doyle, Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply (New York, 1985), pp. 255-81.
201. Peter J. Donaldson, Nature Against Us: The U.S. and the World Population Crisis, 1965-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C. 1990); James Reid, The Birth Control Movement and American Society (Princeton, 1983), pp. 281-88; Symonds and Carder (n. 24 above), pp. 133-202; Jack Doyle, Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply (New York, 1985), pp. 255-81.
202. Peter J. Donaldson, Nature Against Us: The U.S. and the World Population Crisis, 1965-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C. 1990); James Reid, The Birth Control Movement and American Society (Princeton, 1983), pp. 281-88; Symonds and Carder (n. 24 above), pp. 133-202; Jack Doyle, Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply (New York, 1985), pp. 255-81.
203. Peter J. Donaldson, Nature Against Us: The U.S. and the World Population Crisis, 1965-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C. 1990); James Reid, The Birth Control Movement and American Society (Princeton, 1983), pp. 281-88; Symonds and Carder (n. 24 above), pp. 133-202; Jack Doyle, Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply (New York, 1985), pp. 255-81.
204. Lewis Mumford, "Closing Statement," in Future Environments of North America, ed. F. Fraser Darling and John P. Milton (Garden City, N.Y., 1966), pp. 724-25.
205. On "organic" protest, see Belasco (n. 42 above). Following the early lead of Frederick Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's The Space Merchants (1952) (n. 49 above), science fiction of the late 1960s and early 1970s commonly associated algal foods with a hypercapitalist dystopian future: e.g., Harry Harrison, Make Room! Make Room! (New York, 1967); John Brunner, The Sheep Look Up (New York, 1972); Marge Piercy, Woman on the Edge of Time (New York, 1976).
206. On "organic" protest, see Belasco (n. 42 above). Following the early lead of Frederick Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's The Space Merchants (1952) (n. 49 above), science fiction of the late 1960s and early 1970s commonly associated algal foods with a hypercapitalist dystopian future: e.g., Harry Harrison, Make Room! Make Room! (New York, 1967); John Brunner, The Sheep Look Up (New York, 1972); Marge Piercy, Woman on the Edge of Time (New York, 1976).
207. On "organic" protest, see Belasco (n. 42 above). Following the early lead of Frederick Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's The Space Merchants (1952) (n. 49 above), science fiction of the late 1960s and early 1970s commonly associated algal foods with a hypercapitalist dystopian future: e.g., Harry Harrison, Make Room! Make Room! (New York, 1967); John Brunner, The Sheep Look Up (New York, 1972); Marge Piercy, Woman on the Edge of Time (New York, 1976).
208. On "organic" protest, see Belasco (n. 42 above). Following the early lead of Frederick Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's The Space Merchants (1952) (n. 49 above), science fiction of the late 1960s and early 1970s commonly associated algal foods with a hypercapitalist dystopian future: e.g., Harry Harrison, Make Room! Make Room! (New York, 1967); John Brunner, The Sheep Look Up (New York, 1972); Marge Piercy, Woman on the Edge of Time (New York, 1976).
209. On "organic" protest, see Belasco (n. 42 above). Following the early lead of Frederick Pohl and C. M. Kornbluth's The Space Merchants (1952) (n. 49 above), science fiction of the late 1960s and early 1970s commonly associated algal foods with a hypercapitalist dystopian future: e.g., Harry Harrison, Make Room! Make Room! (New York, 1967); John Brunner, The Sheep Look Up (New York, 1972); Marge Piercy, Woman on the Edge of Time (New York, 1976).
210. "Space Food Harvest May Be Speeded Up," SNL, March 16, 1963, p. 169; "Algae Farm Tested," SNL, December 14, 1963, p. 370; "Current U.S. Patents," SNL, August 14, 1965, p. 109; Richard L.
211. "Space Food Harvest May Be Speeded Up," SNL, March 16, 1963, p. 169; "Algae Farm Tested," SNL, December 14, 1963, p. 370; "Current U.S. Patents," SNL, August 14, 1965, p. 109; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development: New Patterns of Living, 2d ed. (Cambridge, 1966), p. 77; "Sewage Treatment in Space," Science Digest, April 1967, p. 37; Herbert J. Coleman, "U.S., Russian Scientists View Algae as Principal Space Food," Aviation Week and Space Technology, August 14, 1967, pp. 88-89; B. Mandrovsky, Aerospace Life Support Systems (Washington, D.C., 1968); Shaw, pp. 204-65.
212. "Space Food Harvest May Be Speeded Up," SNL, March 16, 1963, p. 169; "Algae Farm Tested," SNL, December 14, 1963, p. 370; "Current U.S. Patents," SNL, August 14, 1965, p. 109; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development: New Patterns of Living, 2d ed. (Cambridge, 1966), p. 77; "Sewage Treatment in Space," Science Digest, April 1967, p. 37; Herbert J. Coleman, "U.S., Russian Scientists View Algae as Principal Space Food," Aviation Week and Space Technology, August 14, 1967, pp. 88-89; B. Mandrovsky, Aerospace Life Support Systems (Washington, D.C., 1968); Shaw, pp. 204-65.
213. "Space Food Harvest May Be Speeded Up," SNL, March 16, 1963, p. 169; "Algae Farm Tested," SNL, December 14, 1963, p. 370; "Current U.S. Patents," SNL, August 14, 1965, p. 109; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development: New Patterns of Living, 2d ed. (Cambridge, 1966), p. 77; "Sewage Treatment in Space," Science Digest, April 1967, p. 37; Herbert J. Coleman, "U.S., Russian Scientists View Algae as Principal Space Food," Aviation Week and Space Technology, August 14, 1967, pp. 88-89; B. Mandrovsky, Aerospace Life Support Systems (Washington, D.C., 1968); Shaw, pp. 204-65.
214. "Space Food Harvest May Be Speeded Up," SNL, March 16, 1963, p. 169; "Algae Farm Tested," SNL, December 14, 1963, p. 370; "Current U.S. Patents," SNL, August 14, 1965, p. 109; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development: New Patterns of Living, 2d ed. (Cambridge, 1966), p. 77; "Sewage Treatment in Space," Science Digest, April 1967, p. 37; Herbert J. Coleman, "U.S., Russian Scientists View Algae as Principal Space Food," Aviation Week and Space Technology, August 14, 1967, pp. 88-89; B. Mandrovsky, Aerospace Life Support Systems (Washington, D.C., 1968); Shaw, pp. 204-65.
215. "Space Food Harvest May Be Speeded Up," SNL, March 16, 1963, p. 169; "Algae Farm Tested," SNL, December 14, 1963, p. 370; "Current U.S. Patents," SNL, August 14, 1965, p. 109; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development: New Patterns of Living, 2d ed. (Cambridge, 1966), p. 77; "Sewage Treatment in Space," Science Digest, April 1967, p. 37; Herbert J. Coleman, "U.S., Russian Scientists View Algae as Principal Space Food," Aviation Week and Space Technology, August 14, 1967, pp. 88-89; B. Mandrovsky, Aerospace Life Support Systems (Washington, D.C., 1968); Shaw, pp. 204-65.
216. "Space Food Harvest May Be Speeded Up," SNL, March 16, 1963, p. 169; "Algae Farm Tested," SNL, December 14, 1963, p. 370; "Current U.S. Patents," SNL, August 14, 1965, p. 109; Richard L. Meier, Science and Economic Development: New Patterns of Living, 2d ed. (Cambridge, 1966), p. 77; "Sewage Treatment in Space," Science Digest, April 1967, p. 37; Herbert J. Coleman, "U.S., Russian Scientists View Algae as Principal Space Food," Aviation Week and Space Technology, August 14, 1967, pp. 88-89; B. Mandrovsky, Aerospace Life Support Systems (Washington, D.C., 1968); Shaw, pp. 204-65.
217. "Program Aims at Chemical Synthesis of Food," (n. 63 above), p. 19; Algae Biomass: Production and Use, ed. Gedehiah Shelef and Carl J. Soeder (Amsterdam, 1980), pp. v-viii.
218. "Program Aims at Chemical Synthesis of Food," (n. 63 above), p. 19; Algae Biomass: Production and Use, ed. Gedehiah Shelef and Carl J. Soeder (Amsterdam, 1980), pp. v-viii.
219. L. V. Venkataraman and E. W. Becker, Biotechnology and Utilization of Algae - The Indian Experience (New Delhi, 1985), p. 2.
220. Dhyana Bewicke and Beverly A. Potter, Chlorella: The Emerald Food (Berkeley, 1984), pp. 16-58.
221. Patrick Echlin, "The Blue-Green Algae," Scientific American, June 1966, pp. 75-81; National Academy of Sciences, Advisory Committee on Technological Innovation, Underexploited Tropical Plants with Promising Value (Washington, D.C., 1975), pp. 162-68 ; Larry Switzer, Spirulina: The Whole Food Revolution (Berkeley, 1984), p. 2.
222. Patrick Echlin, "The Blue-Green Algae," Scientific American, June 1966, pp. 75-81; National Academy of Sciences, Advisory Committee on Technological Innovation, Underexploited Tropical Plants with Promising Value (Washington, D.C., 1975), pp. 162-68 ; Larry Switzer, Spirulina: The Whole Food Revolution (Berkeley, 1984), p. 2.
223. Patrick Echlin, "The Blue-Green Algae," Scientific American, June 1966, pp. 75-81; National Academy of Sciences, Advisory Committee on Technological Innovation, Underexploited Tropical Plants with Promising Value (Washington, D.C., 1975), pp. 162-68 ; Larry Switzer, Spirulina: The Whole Food Revolution (Berkeley, 1984), p. 2.
224. Henrikson (n. 60 above), p. 9; Switzer; Bewicke and Potter; Ripley D. Fox, "Spirulina: The Alga that Can End Malnutrition," The Futurist, February 1985, pp. 30-35.
225. Henrikson (n. 60 above), p. 9; Switzer; Bewicke and Potter; Ripley D. Fox, "Spirulina: The Alga that Can End Malnutrition," The Futurist, February 1985, pp. 30-35.
226. William J. Oswald, "Algal Production - Problems, Achievements, and Potential," in Shelef and Soeder; Venkataraman and Becker.
227. Julie Ann Miller, "Diet for a Blue Planet," Science News, April 6, 1985, pp. 220-22. Meanwhile, at the Mecca of pop futurism, Disney's EPCOT Center, high-tech farming was represented by hydroponics and aquaculture, two ideas that predated the postwar algae boomlet. "Aquaculture at the Land" (Orlando: EPCOT Center, n.d.)
228. John E. Young, "Bred for the Hungry?" World Watch, January-February 1990, pp. 14-22; Joel Keehn, "Mean Green," Buzzworm, January/February 1992, pp. 32-37; Jack Doyle, "Farming Genes for Profit," Co-op America Quarterly, Spring 1992, pp. 15-19; Michael Fox, "The New Creation," Humane Society of the United States News, Fall 1992, pp. 3-7; "The Splice of Life," Amicus Journal, Spring 1993, pp. 19-34; Robin Mather, A Garden of Unearthly Delights: Bioengineering and the Future of Food (New York, 1996)
229. John E. Young, "Bred for the Hungry?" World Watch, January-February 1990, pp. 14-22; Joel Keehn, "Mean Green," Buzzworm, January/February 1992, pp. 32-37; Jack Doyle, "Farming Genes for Profit," Co-op America Quarterly, Spring 1992, pp. 15-19; Michael Fox, "The New Creation," Humane Society of the United States News, Fall 1992, pp. 3-7; "The Splice of Life," Amicus Journal, Spring 1993, pp. 19-34; Robin Mather, A Garden of Unearthly Delights: Bioengineering and the Future of Food (New York, 1996)
230. John E. Young, "Bred for the Hungry?" World Watch, January-February 1990, pp. 14-22; Joel Keehn, "Mean Green," Buzzworm, January/February 1992, pp. 32-37; Jack Doyle, "Farming Genes for Profit," Co-op America Quarterly, Spring 1992, pp. 15-19; Michael Fox, "The New Creation," Humane Society of the United States News, Fall 1992, pp. 3-7; "The Splice of Life," Amicus Journal, Spring 1993, pp. 19-34; Robin Mather, A Garden of Unearthly Delights: Bioengineering and the Future of Food (New York, 1996)
231. John E. Young, "Bred for the Hungry?" World Watch, January-February 1990, pp. 14-22; Joel Keehn, "Mean Green," Buzzworm, January/February 1992, pp. 32-37; Jack Doyle, "Farming Genes for Profit," Co-op America Quarterly, Spring 1992, pp. 15-19; Michael Fox, "The New Creation," Humane Society of the United States News, Fall 1992, pp. 3-7; "The Splice of Life," Amicus Journal, Spring 1993, pp. 19-34; Robin Mather, A Garden of Unearthly Delights: Bioengineering and the Future of Food (New York, 1996)
232. John E. Young, "Bred for the Hungry?" World Watch, January-February 1990, pp. 14-22; Joel Keehn, "Mean Green," Buzzworm, January/February 1992, pp. 32-37; Jack Doyle, "Farming Genes for Profit," Co-op America Quarterly, Spring 1992, pp. 15-19; Michael Fox, "The New Creation," Humane Society of the United States News, Fall 1992, pp. 3-7; "The Splice of Life," Amicus Journal, Spring 1993, pp. 19-34; Robin Mather, A Garden of Unearthly Delights: Bioengineering and the Future of Food (New York, 1996)
233. John E. Young, "Bred for the Hungry?" World Watch, January-February 1990, pp. 14-22; Joel Keehn, "Mean Green," Buzzworm, January/February 1992, pp. 32-37; Jack Doyle, "Farming Genes for Profit," Co-op America Quarterly, Spring 1992, pp. 15-19; Michael Fox, "The New Creation," Humane Society of the United States News, Fall 1992, pp. 3-7; "The Splice of Life," Amicus Journal, Spring 1993, pp. 19-34; Robin Mather, A Garden of Unearthly Delights: Bioengineering and the Future of Food (New York, 1996)
234. This upper-middle-class bias applies to the natural health food industries, too: Belasco (n. 42 above), pp. 186-251; Joan Dye Gussow, Chicken Little, Tomato Sauce, and Agriculture (New York, 1991).
235. This upper-middle-class bias applies to the natural health food industries, too: Belasco (n. 42 above), pp. 186-251; Joan Dye Gussow, Chicken Little, Tomato Sauce, and Agriculture (New York, 1991).
236. This distaste persists, as evidenced by McDonald's disappointing experience in the 1990s with the McLean Deluxe, a low-fat hamburger widely reported to contain carageenan, a seaweed derivative.
237. Gussow; Alan Durning, How Much is Enough? The Consumer Society and the Future of the Earth (New York, 1992); Brown and Kane (n. 60 above); Norman Myers and Julian Simon, Scarcity or Abundance? A Debate on the Environment (New York, 1994); Cohen (n. 60 above).
238. Gussow; Alan Durning, How Much is Enough? The Consumer Society and the Future of the Earth (New York, 1992); Brown and Kane (n. 60 above); Norman Myers and Julian Simon, Scarcity or Abundance? A Debate on the Environment (New York, 1994); Cohen (n. 60 above).
239. Gussow; Alan Durning, How Much is Enough? The Consumer Society and the Future of the Earth (New York, 1992); Brown and Kane (n. 60 above); Norman Myers and Julian Simon, Scarcity or Abundance? A Debate on the Environment (New York, 1994); Cohen (n. 60 above).
240. Gussow; Alan Durning, How Much is Enough? The Consumer Society and the Future of the Earth (New York, 1992); Brown and Kane (n. 60 above); Norman Myers and Julian Simon, Scarcity or Abundance? A Debate on the Environment (New York, 1994); Cohen (n. 60 above).
241. For environmentalist critiques of the animal industry, see Frances Moore Lappé, Diet for a Small Planet (New York, 1982); Jim Mason and Peter Singer, Animal Factories (New York, 1990); Jeremy Rifkin, Beyond Beef: The Rise and Fall of the Cattle Culture, (New York, 1992); Mark Friedberger, "Cattlemen, Consumers, and Beef," Environmental History Review 18 (Fall 1994): 37-57.
242. For environmentalist critiques of the animal industry, see Frances Moore Lappé, Diet for a Small Planet (New York, 1982); Jim Mason and Peter Singer, Animal Factories (New York, 1990); Jeremy Rifkin, Beyond Beef: The Rise and Fall of the Cattle Culture, (New York, 1992); Mark Friedberger, "Cattlemen, Consumers, and Beef," Environmental History Review 18 (Fall 1994): 37-57.
243. For environmentalist critiques of the animal industry, see Frances Moore Lappé, Diet for a Small Planet (New York, 1982); Jim Mason and Peter Singer, Animal Factories (New York, 1990); Jeremy Rifkin, Beyond Beef: The Rise and Fall of the Cattle Culture, (New York, 1992); Mark Friedberger, "Cattlemen, Consumers, and Beef," Environmental History Review 18 (Fall 1994): 37-57.
244. For environmentalist critiques of the animal industry, see Frances Moore Lappé, Diet for a Small Planet (New York, 1982); Jim Mason and Peter Singer, Animal Factories (New York, 1990); Jeremy Rifkin, Beyond Beef: The Rise and Fall of the Cattle Culture, (New York, 1992); Mark Friedberger, "Cattlemen, Consumers, and Beef," Environmental History Review 18 (Fall 1994): 37-57.