Loopholes and lapses in the "1997 tobacco agreement": Some devils in the marketing details

Journal of Public Policy and Marketing

Volumn 16, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 345-351

  Goldberg, Marvin E ^a,c   Kozlowski, Lynn T ^b  

^a Department of Marketing ^*

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031326120     PISSN: 07439156     EISSN: 15477207     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/074391569701600215     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Adelson, Andrea (1997), "Is Anybody Getting the Picture?" The New York Times, (July 17), B-1.
2. Aloise-Young, Patricia A., Karen M. Hennigan, and John W. Graham (1996), "Role of the Self-image and Smoker Stereotype in Smoking Onset During Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study," Health Psychology, 15, 494-97.
3. Anheuser-Busch v. Schmoke (1996a), 116 S. Ct. 1821.
4. _ (1996b), U.S. APP. Lexis 29460.
5. Bhalla, Gaurav and John L. Lastovicka (1984), "The Impact of Changing Cigarette Warning Message Content and Format," Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 305-10.
6. Cohen, Joel B. (1996), "Smokers' Knowledge and Understanding of Advertised Tar Numbers: Health Policy Implications," American Journal of Public Health, 86, 18-24.
7. Chassin, Laurie, Clark C. Presson, Steven J. Sherman, Eric Corty, and Richard W. Olshavsky (1981), "Self-Images and Cigarette Smoking in Adolescence," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 670-76.
8. Flynn, Brian S., John K. Worden, Roger H. Seeker-Walker, Phyllis L. Pirie, Gary J. Badger, Joseph H. Carpenter, and Berta M. Geller (1994), "Mass Media and School Interventions for Cigarette Smoking Prevention: Effects Two Years After Completion," American Journal of Public Health, 84 (7), 1148-50.
9. Friedman, Kenneth M. (1975), Public Policy and the Smoking Health Controversy. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company.
10. Giovino, Gary A., Scott L. Tomar, Murli N. Reddy, John P. Peddicord, Bao-Ping Zhu, Luis G. Escobedo, and Michael P. Eriksen (1996), "Attitudes, Knowledge and Beliefs About Low-Yield Cigarettes Among Adolescents and Adults," in The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U.S. Cigarettes: Report of the NCI Expert Committee. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 39-57.
11. Glantz, Stanton A., John Slade, Lisa A. Bero, Peter Hanauer, and Deborah Barnes (1996), The Cigarette Papers. Berkeley: University of California Press.
12. Goldberg, Marvin E. and Lori J. Bechtel (1997), "An Intervention Invoking Reactance to Combat Alcohol Usage By Youths," in Annual Proceedings. Washington, DC: Society for Consumer Psychology, 99-100.
13. Hastings, Gerard (1997), personal correspondence, Centre for Social Marketing, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow Scotland.
14. _, B. H. Ryan, P. Teer, and A. Mackintosh (1994), "Cigarette Advertising and Children's Smoking: Why Reg Was Withdrawn," British Medical Journal, 309 (October 8), 933-37.
15. Henningfield, Jack E., Lynn T. Kozlowski, and Neil L. Benowitz (1994), "A Proposal to Develop Meaningful Labeling for Cigarettes," Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 312-14.
16. Hawkins, Scott A. and Stephen J. Hoch (1992), "Low-Involvement Learning: Memory Without Evaluation," Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 212-24.
17. Hilton, Michael E. (1993), "An Overview of Recent Findings on Alcoholic Beverage Warning Labels," Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 12 (1), 1-9.
18. House of Commons of Canada (1997), Tobacco Act. 35th Parliament, 2d sess. (May 14).
19. Kaiserman, Murray J. (1993), "The Effectiveness of Health Warning Measures," Tobacco Control, 2, 267-69.
20. Kotler, Philip and Sidney J. Levy (1971), "Demarketing, Yes, Demarketing," Harvard Business Review, 49, 74-80.
21. Kozlowski, Lynn T., Richard C. Frecker, Virginia Khouw, and Marilyn A. Pope (1980), "The Misuse of 'Less-Hazardous' Cigarettes and Its Detection: Hole-Blocking of Ventilated Filters," American Journal of Public Health, 70, 1202-1203.
22. _, Marvin E. Goldberg, Berwood A. Yost, Frank M. Ahern, Keith R. Aronson, and Christine T. Sweeney (1996), "Smokers Are Unaware of the Filter Vents Now on Most Cigarettes: Results of a National Survey," Tobacco Control, 5, 265-70.
23. _, Todd F. Heatherton, Richard C. Frecker, and Helma E. Nolter (1989), "Self-Selected Blocking of Vents on Low-Yield Cigarettes," Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 33, 815-19.
24. _, Janine L. Pillitteri, Berwood A. Yost, Marvin E. Goldberg, and Frank M. Ahern (in press), "Advertising Fails to Inform Smokers of Official Tar Yields of Cigarettes," Journal of Applied Blobehavioral Research.
25. _ and Christine T. Sweeney (1997), "Low-Yield, Light, and Ultra-Light Cigarettes: Let's Understand the Product Before We Promote," in Social Marketing: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives, M. E. Goldberg, M. Fishbein, and S. Middlestadt, eds. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.
26. _, _, Marvin E. Goldberg, Frank M. Ahern, and Berwood A. Yost (1997), "Self-Reported Reasons for Smoking Ultra-Light and Light Cigarettes: Results of a National Survey," poster presentation at the Society of Behavioral Medicine Annual Meeting, San Francisco.
27. Laughery, Kenneth R., Stephen L. Young, Kent P. Vaubel, and John W. Brelsford Jr. (1993), "The Noticeability of Warnings on Alcoholic Beverage Containers," Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 12 (1), 38-56.
28. Leventhal, Howard, Kathleen Glynn, and Raymond Fleming (1987), "Is the Informed Smoking Decision an 'Informed Choice?'" Journal of the American Medical Association, 257 (24), 3373-76.
29. Lewis, Neil A. (1997), "Citing Flaws, Health Panel Rejects Deal on Tobacco," The New York Times, (June 26), A27.
30. Liquormart, Inc and Peoples Super Liquor Stores, Inc. v. Rhode Island and Rhode Island Liquor Stores Association (1996), No.94-1140, U.S. Supreme Court, 1996 U.S. Lexis 3020.
31. Meier, Barry (1997), "Tobacco's Price Tag," The New York Times, (July 15), A10.
32. National Cancer Institute (1996), The FTC Cigarette Test Method for Determining Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide Yields of U.S. Cigarettes: Report of the NCI Expert Committee. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 1-8.
33. Petty, Richard E., John T. Caccioppo, and David Schumann (1983), "Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement," Journal of Consumer Research, 10, 135-46.
34. Stewart, David W. and Ingrid M. Martin (1994), "Intended and Unintended Consequences of Warning Messages: A Review and Synthesis of Empirical Research," Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 13 (1), 1-19.
35. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (1997), "Kessler and Koop Urge Congress to Do Away With the Tobacco Settlement," The New York Times, (July 30), A18.
36. Stuart, Elnora W., Terence A. Shimp, and Randall W. Engle (1987), "Classical Conditioning of Consumer Attitudes: Four Experiments in an Advertising Context," Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 334-49.
37. Sturges, J.W. and R.W. Rogers (1996), "Preventive Health Psychology from a Developmental Perspective: An Extension of Protection Motivation Theory," Health Psychology, 15, 158-66.
38. USA Today (1997), Tobacco Settlement (June 25), [Online]. Available: http://www.usatoday.com/news/smoke/smoke01.htm.
39. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1994), Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
40. Wechsler, H., A. Davenport, G. Dowdall, B. Moeykens, and S. Castillo (1994), "Health and Behavioral Consequences of Binge Drinking in College: A National Survey of Students at 140 Campuses," Journal of the American Medical Association, 272, 1672-77.
41. Wogalter, Michael S., Sandra S. Godfrey, Gail. A. Fontenelle, David R. Desaulniers, Pamela R. Rothstein, and Kenneth R. Laughery (1987), "Effectiveness of Warnings," Human Factors, 29, 599-612.
42. Zajonc, Robert B. (1968), "Attitudinal Effects of Mere Exposure," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Monograph Supplement, 9, 1-27.