Aiding reduction of smoking with nicotine replacement medications: Hope for the recalcitrant smoker?

Tobacco Control

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 311-316

  Fagerström, Karl Olov ^a   Tejding, Ronny ^b   Westin, Åke ^a   Lunell, Erik ^c  

^a Pharmacia & Upjohn AB   (Sweden)

^b STOCKHOLM UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c LUND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Nicotine; Nicotine replacement therapy; Smoking reduction

Indexed keywords

CARBON MONOXIDE; COTININE; NICOTINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BLOOD; CHEMISTRY; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PLANT; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SALIVA; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; TOBACCO; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

ADULT; CARBON MONOXIDE; COTININE; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NICOTINE; PLANTS, TOXIC; QUESTIONNAIRES; SALIVA; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; SUBSTANCE WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME; TOBACCO; TOBACCO USE DISORDER;

EID: 0031325153     PISSN: 09644563     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/tc.6.4.311     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. Doll R, Peto R, Hall E, Wheatley K, Gray R. Mortality in relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations on male British doctors. BMJ 1994;309:911-18.
2. Higgins MW. Risk factors associated with chronic obstructive lung disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991;624:7-17.
3. US Department of Health and Human Services. The health benefits of smoking cessation. A report of the Surgeon General, 1990. Rockville, Maryland: Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Office on Smoking and Health, 1990. (DHHS Publication No (CDC) 90-8416.)
4. 1 - the Lung Health Study. JAMA 1994;272:1497-505.
5. Camilli AE, Burrows B, Knudson RJ, Lyle SK, Lebowitz MD. Longitudinal changes in forced expiratory volume in one second in adults: effects of smoking and smoking cessation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;135:794-9.
6. Kuller LH, Ockene JK, Townsend M, Browner W, Meilahn E, Wentworth DN. The epidemiology of pulmonary function and COPD mortality in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:S78-81.
7. Glasgow RE, Klesges RC, Klesges LM, Vasey MW, Gunnarsson DF. Long term effects of a controlled smoking program: a 21/2 year follow-up. Behav Ther 1985;16:303-7.
8. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Indicators of nicotine addiction among women - United States, 1991-1992. MMWR 1995;44:102-5.
9. World Health Organisation. International classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Geneva: WHO, 1992.
10. Henningfield JE, Keenan RM. The anatomy of nicotine addiction. Health Values 1993;17:12-19.
11. Rennard SI, Daughton D, Fujita J, et al. Short-term smoking reduction is associated with reduction in measures of lower respiratory tract inflammation in heavy smokers. Eur Respir J 1990;3:752-9.
12. Rennard SI, Daughton DM, Thompson AB, Fioreani AA, Romberger DJ, Millatmal T. The effects of nicotine replacement therapy on cigarette smoking reduction (abstract). American Lung Association/American Thoracic Society international conference, Boston, Massachusetts: ALA/ATS, 1994.
13. Tang JL, Law M, Wald N. How effective is nicotine replacement to stop smoking? BMJ 1994;308:21-6.
14. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerström K-O. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire. Br J Addict 1991;86:1119-27.