Political violence in Sri Lanka: A diagnostic approach

Terrorism and Political Violence

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 99-119

  Samaranayake, Gamini ^a  

^a Institute for Commonwealth Studies   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031313620     PISSN: 09546553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09546559708427405     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. See Rohan Gunaratna, Sri Lanka Lost Revolution: The Inside Story of the JVP (Kandy: Institute of Fundamental Studies 1990) and M.R. Narayan Swamy, Tigers of Lanka: From Boys to Guerrillas (New Delhi: Konark Publishers 1994).
2. See Rohan Gunaratna, Sri Lanka Lost Revolution: The Inside Story of the JVP (Kandy: Institute of Fundamental Studies 1990) and M.R. Narayan Swamy, Tigers of Lanka: From Boys to Guerrillas (New Delhi: Konark Publishers 1994).
3. See Chalmers Johnson, Revolutionary Change (Boston: Little Brown 1966).
4. James C. Davies, 'Toward a Theory of Revolution', American Sociological Review 27 (Feb. 1962) pp.5-19.
5. Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton: PUP 1970) p.48.
6. Ibid.
7. S.P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CT: Yale UP 1968) p.3.
8. Ibid., p.4.
9. Ibid., p.33.
10. Ibid., p.3.
11. Karl W. Deutsch, 'Social Mobilisation and Political Development', American Political Science Review 55 (1961) p.493.
12. See Gavin W. Jones and S. Selvaratnam, Population Growth and Economic Development (Colombo: Hansa Publishers 1971).
13. Government of Sri Lanka, Socio-Economic Data (Colombo 1984) p.5.
14. See UNICEF, 'Children and Women in Sri Lanka, A Situation Analysis', Colombo, 1991.
15. Robert N. Kearney, 'Democracy and the Stresses of Modernization in Sri Lanka', Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 1/3 (1978) p.89.
16. G. Uswattaarachchi, 'University Admission in Ceylon: Their Economic and Social Background and Employment Expectations', Modern Asian Studies 8 (1974) p.290.
17. Department of Census and Statistics, Statistical Abstract of Ceylon, 7967-69, Colombo, 1970, p.35.
18. Robert N. Kearney, 'Politics and Mobilisation', in Tissa Fernando and R.N. Kearney (eds), Modern Sri Lanka: A Society in Transition (Syracuse, NY: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse UP 1979) p.72.
19. World Bank, World Development Report, 1981, p.134.
20. See Central Bank Report, Colombo, 1970.
21. 'A Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment in Ceylon', International Labour Review 87 (1963) p.2510.
22. See Central Bank of Ceylon, Socio-Economic Survey of 1969-1970, Colombo, 1970.
23. Huntington (note 6) p.48.
24. Ibid., p.48.
25. Ibid., p.452.
26. Calvin A. Woodward, 'Sri Lanka Electoral Experience', Pacific Affairs 47 (1974) p.456.
27. The JVP during its early phase rejected all forms of electoral politics and the parliamentary system.
28. Four members of the JVP contested for the following electorates in the 1977 general election: Anuradhapura, Horowpothana, Hakmona and Kaburupitiya.
29. The JVP collected the highest number of votes polled by the leftist parties in the 1982 Presidential election.
30. Viravenkai (Brave Tiger), Aug.-Sept. 1986, p.11.
31. Dagmar Hellmann-Rajanayagam, The Tamil Tigers: Armed Struggle For Identity (Stuttgart: Frank Steiner Verlag 1994) p.52.
32. Depinder Singh, The IPKF in Sri Lanka (New Delhi: Trishul Publications N.D.) p.18.
33. See Mackenzie Briefing Notes, 'Founding Terror: The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and their Criminal Activities in Canada and the Western World', The Mackenzie Institute, Canada, Dec. 1995.
34. See G. Obeysekera, 'Some Comments on the 1971 Insurgency in Sri Lanka (Ceylon)', Journal of Asian Studies 33/3 (1974) pp.367-84.
35. See Report of the Presidential Commission on Youth Commission, Sessional Papers No.1, Colombo, Department of Government Printing, 1990.
36. S. Leelananda, 'The Rise of the JVP - A Sociological Perspective', Lanka Guardian, 1990, p.7.
37. Dagmar Hellmann-Rajanayagam (note 30) p.91.
38. R.N. Kearney, 'Youth Protest in Sri Lanka', Sociological Focus 13 (1980) p.306.
39. See L.P. Fernando, 'Political Violence in Sri Lanka: The April 1971 Youth Insurrection', unpublished MA thesis, University of New Brunswick, Canada, 1976.
40. See Alan B. Spitzer, The Revolutionary Theories of Louis Auguste Blanqui (New York 1957) pp.171-82.
41. 'Making of a Militant Leader: An Interview With V. Prabakaran', Lanka Guardian 9/10, 15 Sept. 1986, p.10.
42. Frontline, 10-20 Jan. 1987, p.22.
43. D.S.B. Jayaraj, 'How Strong are Boys', Frontline, 23 March-5 April 1985, p.65.
44. A.C. Balasingham, ' Liberation Tigers and Tamil Eelam Freedom Struggle', LTTE Publication 4 (1983) p.42.
45. Dagmer Hellmann-Rajanayagam, 'The Tamil Tigers in Northern Sri Lanka: Origin, Factions, Programmes', Internationales Asienforum 17/1-2 (1985) pp.70-77.
46. J. Jupp, 'The JVP Insurrection of 1971 and Its Impact On the Marxist and Socialist Movement in Ceylon', A Paper for Conference on Sri Lanka, London University, March 1974, p.3.
47. J. Jupp, Sri Lanka: Third World Democracy (London: Frank Cass 1978) p.19.
48. According to government information the following were the extent of damage done by the JVP rebellion: 585 post offices, 85 agricultural service centres, 84 Development Council offices, 136 Gramasevaka offices, 15 Magistrates Courts and 52 tea and rubber factories. The total number of building destroyed was 1002.
49. See Rohan Gunaratna (note 1).
50. Robert C. Oberst, 'A War Without Winners in Sri Lanka', Current History 91/563 (1992) p.128.
51. W.I. Siriweera, 'Recent Developments in Sinhala-Tamil Relations', Asian Survey (Sept. 1980) pp.903-13.
52. The council would consist of 11 members of which there would be 6 LTTE nominees including 1 Muslim, 2 Sinhala and 2 TULF members.
53. Tamil Times, 15 Nov. 1990, pp. 3, 9.
54. Daily News, 19 June 1993, p.1.