Chloroform-induced insanity defence confounds lawyer Lincoln

History of Psychiatry

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 487-500

  Spiegel, Allen D ^a   Suskind, Peter B ^b  

^a SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b and Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHLOROFORM;

ARTICLE; FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY; HISTORY; HUMAN; MENTAL DISEASE; PUBLIC FIGURE; UNITED STATES;

CHLOROFORM; FAMOUS PERSONS; FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HUMANS; INSANITY DEFENSE; MENTAL DISORDERS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0031304999     PISSN: 0957154X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0957154x9700803203     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Cullom Davis, Director, Lincoln Legal Papers, is quoted on Lincoln's experience and earnings in Cameron McWhirter, 'Lincoln the lawyer', St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 30 November 1993, Sec. D, p.1.
2. R. D. Dripps, J. E. Eckenhoff and L. D. Vandam, Introduction to Anesthesia. The Principles of Safe Practice, Seventh edn (Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988), 127.
3. T. B. Boulton, R. Bryce-Smith, M.K. Sykes, G. B. Gillett and A. L. Revell, Progress in Anaesthesiology. Proceedings Fourth World Congress of Anaesthesiologists (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation, 1970), 206-7.
4. H. Davy, Researches Chemical and Philosophical, Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide, or Dephlogisticated Nitrous Air, and Its Respiration (London: J. Johnson, 1800). This quote is cited in F. T. Evans and J. C. Gray, General Anaesthesia, Second edn, Volume I (London: Butterworths, 1965), 9.
5. H. Davy, Researches Chemical and Philosophical, Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide, or Dephlogisticated Nitrous Air, and Its Respiration (London: J. Johnson, 1800). This quote is cited in F. T. Evans and J. C. Gray, General Anaesthesia, Second edn, Volume I (London: Butterworths, 1965), 9.
6. Dripps et al., Introduction to Anesthesia, 127.
7. C. N. B. Camac, Classics of Medicine and Surgery (New York: Dover Publications, 1936), 301-3, 311, 370-3,389 .
8. F. H. Garrison, An Introduction to the History of Medicine, Fourth edn (Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1929), 505.
9. L. Clendening, Source Book of Medical History (New York: Dover Publications, 1942), 356, 375-6.
10. F. Stanley, 'Poisoning by the inhalation of impure nitrous oxide gas', Lancet, 19 (1842), 139. [Cited in C.B. Courville, Y. Henderson, Untoward Effects of Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia (Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Assn., 1939), 169].
11. F. Stanley, 'Poisoning by the inhalation of impure nitrous oxide gas', Lancet, 19 (1842), 139. [Cited in C.B. Courville, Y. Henderson, Untoward Effects of Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia (Mountain View, CA: Pacific Press Publishing Assn., 1939), 169].
12. M. H. Armstrong Davidson, The Evolution of Anaesthesia (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1965), 135.
13. J. Y. Simpson, Account of a New Anaesthetic Agent, As a Substitute for Sulfuric Ether in Surgery and Midwifery (New York: Rushton, Clarke & Co., 1848). [Reprinted in Camac, Classics, 377-89].
14. J. Y. Simpson, Account of a New Anaesthetic Agent, As a Substitute for Sulfuric Ether in Surgery and Midwifery (New York: Rushton, Clarke & Co., 1848). [Reprinted in Camac, Classics, 377-89].
15. J. Y. Simpson, 'On a new anesthetic agent more efficient than sulfuric ether', Lancet, ii (1847), 549-50.
16. Camac, 389.
17. R. E. McGrew, Encyclopedia of Medical History (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1985), 17.
18. W. T. G. Morton, On the Psychological Effects of Sulfuric Ether, and its Superiority to Chloroform (Boston, MA: David Clapp, 1850).
19. Camac, Classica, 373-5.
20. Camac, Classics, 311.
21. 'The trial of Isaac Wyant,' Weekly Pantagraph [Bloomington, IL], 15 April 1857, 1. Correspondence from the Lincoln Papers Project revealed that the case files of the Circuit Court were destroyed in a fire, but the Docket books were saved. This lengthy article in the local newspaper is the most comprehensive account of the trial. Uncited quotes from the trial are from this newspaper report of the murder trial.
22. 'The insanity defense in Lincoln's Illinois', Lincoln Lore, No. 1717 (1982), 1-4.
23. A. A. Woldman, Lawyer Lincoln (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1936), 151.
24. M. E. Neely and R. G. McMurtry, The Insanity File (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1986), 10.
25. Natalie Abrams, 'Definitions of mental illness and the insanity defense', Journal of Psychiatry & Law, vii (1979), 441-56.
26. I. Ray, A Treatise on the Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity (Boston: Charles C. Little & James Brown, 1838), 50.
27. J. J. Duff, A. Lincoln, Prairie Lawyer (New York: Rinehart & Co., 1960), 304.
28. A. McFarland, 'Insanity as a defense', Chicago Tribune, 20 June 1889, 7.
29. W. B. Atkinson, The Physicians and Surgeons of the US (Philadelphia: Charles Robson, 1878), 340.
30. I. M. Rutkow, The History of Surgery in the US 1775-1900 (San Francisco, CA: Norman Publishing Co., 1988), 22-6.
31. F. Sargent, On Bandaging and Other Operations of Minor Surgery (Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard, 1848).
32. J. F. Flagg, Ether and Chloroform; Their Employment in Surgery, Dentistry, Midwifery, Therapeutics, etc. (Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1851).
33. J. D. Gross, 'On the use of chloroform', Transactions of the American Medical Association, iii (1850), 391-3.
34. W. L. Atlee, 'On anesthetic agents', Transactions of the American Medical Association, iii (1850), 389-90.
35. R. L. Howard, ' Anesthesia', Transactions of the American Medical Association, xxxix (1850), 324.
36. J. P. Gray, 'Inhalation of the vapor of sulfuric ether in cases of insanity', American Journal of Insanity, v (1847), 73-4.
37. I. Ray, 'Etherization in the treatment of insanity', American Journal of Insanity, xi (1854), 164-9.
38. A. T. H, Waters, 'On the use of chloroform in the treatment of puerperal insanity', American Journal of Insanity, xiii (1857), 341-53.
39. J. C. Bucknill, 'Feigned insanity', American Journal of Insanity, xiii (1856-57), 354-67.
40. J. C. Bucknill, 'Extraordinary case of pretended insanity', American Journal of Insanity, xii (1855), 301.
41. Dripps, Introduction to Anesthesia, 127.
42. J. A. Lee and R. S. Atkinson, A Synopsis of Anaesthesia (Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1964), 4.
43. B. W. Richardson, Disciples of Aesculapius, Vol. I (NY: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1901), 239.
44. J. Snow, On Chloroform and Other Anaesthetics: Their Action and Administration. Edited with a memoir of the author by Benjamin W. Richardson. (London: John Churchill, 1858). This book was published after Dr Snow's death.
45. J. C. Warren, Effects of Chloroform and of Strong Chloric Ether, as Narcotic Agents (Boston: William D. Ticknor, 1849).
46. W. L. King, Lincoln's Manager David Davis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960), 93.
47. F. T. Hill, Lincoln the Lawyer (New York: The Century Co., 1906), 236.
48. King, Lincoln's Manager, 93.
49. L. Swett, 'Letter from Leonard Swett, Esq.', Weekly Pantograph [Bloomington, IL], 6 May 1857, 2.
50. McFarland, 'Insanity as a defense'.
51. W. H. Herndon and J. W. Weik, Abraham Lincoln. The True Story of a Great Life (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1893), 13.