Infectivity of the propagules associated with extraradical mycelia of two AM fungi following winter freezing

New Phytologist

Volumn 135, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 745-753

  Addy, H D ^a,b   Miller, M H ^a   Peterson, R L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Abuscular mycorrhizas (AM); Disturbance; Extraradical mycelium; Overwinter survival; Spores

Indexed keywords

ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA; FREEZING; WINTER;

GLOMUS;

EID: 0031285065     PISSN: 0028646X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00707.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Addy HD, Schaffer GF, Miller MH, Peterson, RL. 1994. Survival of the external mycelium of a VAM fungus in frozen soil over winter. Mycorrhiza 5: 1-5.
2. Ames RN, Mihara KL, Bethlenfalvay GJ. 1987. The establishment of microorganisms in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal and control treatments. Biology and Fertility of Soil 3: 217-223.
3. Amijee F, Stribley DP. 1987. Soluble carbohydrates of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The Mycologist 21: 20-21.
4. Bartetzko H. 1910. Untersuchungen über das Erfrieren von Schimmelpilzen. Jahrbucher für Wissenschaftliche Botanik 47: 57-98.
5. Brundrett MC, Abbott LK. 1994. Mycorrhizal fungus propagules in the jarrah forest. I. Seasonal study of inoculum levels. New Phytologist 127: 539-546.
6. Brundrett MC, Kendrick B. 1990. The roots and mycorrhizas of herbaceous woodland plants I. Quantitative aspects of morphology. New Phytologist 114: 457-468.
7. Brundrett MC, Piché Y, Peterson RL. 1984. A new method for observing the morphology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae Canadian Journal of Botany 62: 2128-2134.
8. Cooke RC, Whipps JM. 1993. Ecophysiology of fungi. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publishers.
9. Diop TA, Bécard G, Piché Y. 1992. Long-term in vitro culture of an endomycorrhizal fungus, Gigagspora margarita, on RiT-DNA transformed roots of carrot. Symbiosis 12: 249-259.
10. Evans DG, Miller MH. 1988. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas and the soil-disturbance-induced reduction of nutrient absorption in maize. I. Causal relations. New Phytologist 110: 67-74.
11. Evans DG, Miller MH. 1990. The role of the external mycelial network in the effect of soil disturbance upon vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of maize. New Phytologist 114: 65-71.
12. Hamel C, Fyles H, Smith DL. 1990. Measurement of development of endomycorrhizal mycelium using three different vital stains. New Phytologist 115: 297-302.
13. Harley JL, Smith SE. 1983. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. London: Academic Press.
14. Hepper CM. 1985. Influence of age of roots on the pattern of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in leek and clover. New Phytologist 101: 685-693.
15. Horn K, Hahn A, Pausch F, Hock B. 1992. Isolation of pure spore and hyphal fractions from vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Plant Physiology 141: 28-32.
16. Ingham ER, Klein DA. 1984. Soil fungi: relationships between hyphal activity and staining with fluorescein diacetate. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 16: 273-278.
17. Jakobsen I, Nielsen NE. 1983. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in field-grown crops. I. Mycorrhizal infection in cereals and peas at various times and soil depths. New Phytologist 93: 401-413.
18. Jasper DA, Abbott LK, Robson AD. 1989 a. Soil disturbance reduces the infectivity of external hyphae of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist 112: 93-99
19. Jasper DA, Abbott LK, Robson AD. 1989 b. Hyphae of a vesicular-arbuscular fungus maintain infectivity in dry soil, except when the soil is disturbed. New Phytologist 112 : 101-107
20. Jasper DA, Abbott LK, Robson AD. 1993. The survival of infective hyphae of VAM fungi in dry soil : an interaction with sporulation. New Phytologist 124: 473-479.
21. Kormanik PP, McGraw AC. 1984. Quantification of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in plant roots. In : Schenck NC, ed. Methods and Principles of Mycorrhizal Research. St Paul, MN, USA: American Phytopathological Society, 37-47.
22. Mazur P. 1968. Survival of fungi after freezing and desiccation. In: Ainsworth GC, Sussman AS, eds. The Fungi, vol. 4. New York: Academic Press, 325-394.
23. McGee PA. 1989. Variation in propagule numbers or vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a semiarid soil. Mycological Research 92: 28-33.
24. McGonigle TP, Evans DG, Miller MH. 1990 a. Effect of degree of soil disturbance on mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorous absorption by maize in growth chamber and field experiments. New Phytologist 116: 629-636.
25. McGonigle TP, Miller MH, Evans DG, Fairchild GL, Swan JA. 1990 b A new method which gives an objective measure of colonization of roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytologist 115: 495-501.
26. Meier R, Charvat J. 1993. Reassessment of tetrazolium bromide as a viability stain for spores of VAM fungi. American Journal of Botany 80: 1007-1015.
27. Miller MH, McGonigle TP, Addy HD. 1995. Functional ecology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas as influenced by phosphate fertilization and tillage in an agricultural ecosystem. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 15: 241-255.
28. Miller, RM, Reinhardt DR, Jastrow JD. 1995. External hyphal production of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in pasture and tallgrass prairie communities. Oecologia 103: 17-23.
29. Morris GJ, Smith D, Coulson GE. 1988. A comparative study of the changes in the morphology of hyphae during freezing and viability upon thawing for twenty species of fungi. Journal of General Microbiology 134: 2897-2906.
30. Mosse B. 1959. Observations on the extra-matrical mycelium of a vesicular-arbuscular endophyte. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 42: 439-448.
31. Mosse B. 1970. Honey-coloured, sessile Endogone spores. III. Wall structure. Archiv für Mikrobiologie 74: 146-159.
32. Newell SY 1992. Estimating fungal biomass and productivity in decomposing litter. In: Carroll GC, Wicklow DT, eds. The Fungal Community : Its Organization and Role in the Ecosystem. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 521-561.
33. Nicolson TH. 1959. Mycorrhiza in the Graminae. I. VA endophytes, with special reference to the external phase. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 42: 421-438.
34. Olsen SR, Cole CV, Watanabe FS, Dean LA. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. United States Department of Agriculture Circular 939, Washington D.C.
35. Park D. 1968. The ecology of terrestrial fungi. In: Ainsworth GC, Sussman AS, eds. The Fungi, vol. 4. New York: Academic Press, 5-39.
36. Schubert A, Marzachi C, Mazzitelli M, Cravero MC, Bonfante-Fasolo P. 1987. Development of total and viable extraradical mycelium in the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum Nicol. & Schenck. New Phytologist 107: 183-190
37. Siminovitch D, Cloutier Y. 1983. Drought and freezing tolerance and adaptation in plants: some evidence of near equivalences. Cryobiology 20: 487-503.
38. Smith D, Coulson GE, Morris GJ. 1986. A comparative study of the morphology and viability of hyphae of Penicillium expansum and Phytophthora nicotianae during freezing and thawing. Journal of General Microbiology 132: 2013-2021.
39. Stotzky G. 1972. Activity, ecology and population dynamics of microorganisms in soil. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology 2: 59-137.
40. Sussman AS. 1968. Longevity and survivability. In: Ainsworth GC, Sussman AS, eds. The Fungi, vol. 3. New York: Academic Press, 447-486.
41. Tennant D. 1975. A test of a modified line intersect method of estimating root length. Journal of Ecology 63: 995-1001.
42. Thevelein JM. 1984. Regulation of trehalose mobilization in fungi. Microbiological Reviews 48: 42-59.
43. Tommerup IC. 1983. Spore dormancy in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 81: 37-45.