The relative effect of attitude similarity and attitude dissimilarity on interpersonal attraction: Investigating the moderating roles of prejudice and group membership

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 107-122

  Pilkington, Neil W ^a   Lydon, John E ^b  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031285039     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167297232001     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Abelson, R. P. (1995). Statistics as principled argument Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
2. Abelson, R. P., & Prentice, D. A. (1995). Contrast tests of interaction hypotheses. Unpublished manuscript.
3. Allen, V. L., & Wilder, D. A. (1975). Categorization, belief similarity, and intergroup discrimination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 971-977.
4. Allen, V. L., & Wilder, D. A. (1979). Group categorization and attribution of belief similarity. Small Group Behavior, 10(1), 73-80.
5. Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
6. Aronson, E., Ellsworth, P. C., Carlsmith, J. M., & Gonzales, M. H. (1990). Methods of research in social psychology (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
7. Bass, B., Cascio, W., & O'Connor, E. (1974). Magnitude estimations of expression of frequency and amount. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 59, 313-320.
8. Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. H. (1978). Interpersonal attraction (2nd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
9. Block, J., & Block, J. (1951). An investigation of the relationship between intolerance of ambiguity and ethnocentrism. Journal of Personality, 19, 303-311.
10. Budner, S. (1962). Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable. Journal of Personality, 30, 29-50.
11. Byrne, D. (1971). The attraction paradigm. New York: Academic Press.
12. Byrne, D. (1992). The transition from controlled laboratory experimentation to less controlled settings: Surprise! Additional variables are operative. Communication Monographs, 59, 190-198.
13. Byrne, D., Clore, G. L., & Smeaton, G. (1986). The attraction hypothesis: Do similar attitudes affect anything? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1167-1170.
14. Byrne, D., & Ervin, C. R. (1969). Attraction toward a Negro stranger as a function of prejudice, attitude similarity, and the stranger's evaluation of the subject. Human Relations, 22, 397-404.
15. Byrne, D., & Lamberth, J. (1971). Cognitive and reinforcement theories as complementary approaches to the study of attraction. In B. I. Murstein (Ed.), Theories of attraction and love (pp. 59-84). New York: Springer.
16. Byrne, D., & McGraw, C. (1964). Interpersonal attraction toward Negroes. Human Relations, 17, 201-213.
17. Byrne, D., & Wong, T. J. (1962). Racial prejudice, interpersonal attraction, and assumed dissimilarity of attitudes. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65, 246-253.
18. Clore, G. L., & Byrne, D. (1974). A reinforcement-affect model of attraction. In T. L. Huston (Ed.), Foundations of interpersonal attraction (pp. 143-170). New York: Academic Press.
19. D'Augelli, A. R., & Rose, M. L. (1990). Homophobia in a university community: Attitudes and experiences of heterosexual freshmen. Journal of College Student Development, 31, 484-491.
20. Dienstbier, R. A. (1972). A modified belief theory of prejudice emphasizing the mutual causality of racial prejudice and anticipated belief difference. Psychological Review, 79, 146-160.
21. Doise, W. (1978). Groups and individuals: Explanations in social psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
22. Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (Eds.), (1986). Prejudice, discrimination, and racism: Theory and research. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
23. Drigotas, S. M. (1993). Similarity revisited: A comparison of similarity-attraction versus dissimilarity-repulsion. British Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 365-377.
24. Fichman, L., & Lydon, J. (1992, June). Interpersonal similarity and impressions of opposite-sex versus same-sex targets. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Psychological Association, Quebec City.
25. Fisher, J. (1951). The memory process and certain psychosocial attitudes, with special reference to the law of Pragnanz. Journal of Personality, 19, 406-420.
26. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
27. Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F. (1986). The aversive form of racism. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism: Theory and research (pp. 61-89). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
28. Goebel, J. B., & Cole, S. G. (1975). Mexican-American and White reactions to stimulus persons of same and different race: Similarity and attraction as a function of prejudice. Psychological Reports, 36, 827-833.
29. Grieger, I., & Ponterotto, J. G. (1988). Students' knowledge of AIDS and their attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women. Journal of College Student Development, 29, 415-422.
30. Herek, G. M. (1991). Stigma, prejudice, and violence against lesbians and gay men. In J. C. Gonsiorek & J. D. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (pp. 60-80). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
31. Herek, G. M. (1994). Assessing heterosexuals' attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: A review of empirical research with the ATLG Scale. In B. Greene & G. M. Herek (Eds.), Lesbian and gay psychology: Theory, research, and clinical applications (pp. 206-228). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
32. Hogg, M. A. (1992). The social psychology of group cohesiveness: From attraction to social identity. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
33. Hogg, M. A. (1993). Group cohesiveness: A critical review and some new directions. European Review of Social Psychology, 4, 85-111.
34. Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1988). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. London: Methuen.
35. Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (1993). Towards a single-process uncertainty-reduction model of social motivation in groups. In M. A. Hogg & D. Abrams (Eds.), Group motivation: Social psychological perspectives (pp. 173-190). London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
36. Hogg, M. A., Cooper-Shaw, L., & Holzworth, D. W. (1993). Group prototypicality and depersonalized attraction in small interactive groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 452-465.
37. Hogg, M. A., & Hardie, E. A. (1991). Social attraction, personal attraction, and self-categorization: A field study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 175-180.
38. Hogg, M. A., & Hardie, E. A. (1992). Prototypicality, conformity and depersonalized attraction: A self-categorization analysis of group cohesiveness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 41-56.
39. Hogg, M. A., & Turner, J. C. (1987). Intergroup behavior, self-stereotyping, and the salience of social categories. British Journal of Social Psychology, 26, 325-340.
40. Hogg, M. A., Hardie, E. A., & Reynolds, K. J. (1995). Prototypical similarity, self-categorization, and depersonalized attraction: A perspective on group cohesiveness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 159-177.
41. Hoyle, R. H. (1993). Interpersonal attraction in the absence of explicit attitudinal information. Social Cognition, 11(3), 309-320.
42. Hyland, M. (1974). The anticipated belief differences theory of prejudice: Analysis and evaluation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 4(2), 179-200.
43. Insko, C. A., Nacoste, R. W., & Moe, J. L. (1983). Belief congruence and racial discrimination: Review of the evidence and critical evaluation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 13, 153-174.
44. Jamieson, D., Lydon, J., & Zanna, M. (1987). Attitude and activity preference similarity: Differential bases of interpersonal attraction for low and high self-monitors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1052-1060.
45. Johnson, C. D., & Gormly, A. V. (1975). Personality, attraction, and social ambiguity. Journal of Social Psychology, 97, 227-232.
46. Kinsey, A. C., Pomeroy, W. B., & Martin, C. E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
47. Larsen, R. J., Reed, M., & Hoffman, S. (1980). Attitudes of heterosexuals toward homosexuality: A Likert-type scale and construct validity. Journal of Sex Research, 16, 245-257.
48. Lydon, J. E., Jamieson, D. W., & Zanna, M. P. (1988). Interpersonal similarity and the social and intellectual dimensions of first impressions. Social Cognition, 6(4), 269-286.
49. McConahay, J. B. (1986). Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism: Theory and research (pp. 61-89). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
50. Miller, N., & Brewer, M. B. (1986). Categorization effects on ingroup and outgroup perception. In J. F. Dovidio & S. L. Gaertner (Eds.), Prejudice, discrimination, and racism: Theory and research (pp. 209-230). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
51. Neuberg, S. L., & Newsom, J. T. (1993). Personal need for structure: Individual differences in the desire for simple structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 431-444.
52. Oakes, P. J., & Turner, J. C. (1986). Distinctiveness and the salience of social category memberships: Is there an automatic perceptual bias towards novelty? European Journal of Social Psychology, 16, 325-344.
53. Page, S., & Yee, M. (1985). Conception of male and female homosexual stereotypes among university undergraduates. Journal of Homosexuality, 12, 109-118.
54. Pandey, J., & Rastogi, R. (1978). Intolerance of ambiguity and response to attitude similarity-dissimilarity, Psychologia, 21, 104-106.
55. Rokeach, M., Smith, P. W., & Evans, R. I. (1960). Two kinds of prejudice or one? In M. Rokeach (Ed.), The open and closed mind (pp. 132-168). New York: Basic Books.
56. Rosenbaum, M. E. (1986a). The repulsion hypothesis: On the nondevelopment of relationships. Journal of Personality and SoaalPsychology, 51, 1156-1166.
57. Rosenbaum, M. E. (1986b). Comment on a proposed two-stage theory of relationship formation: First, repulsion; then, attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1171-1172.
58. Schaller, M., Boyd, C., Yohannes, J., & O'Brien, M. (1995). The prejudiced personality revisited: Personal need for structure and formation of erroneous group stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 544-555.
59. Scodel, A., & Mussen, P. (1953). Social perceptions of authoritarians and nonauthoritarians. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 48, 181-184.
60. Sears, D. O. (1983). The person-positivity bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 233-250.
61. Shaffer, D. R., & Wallace, A. (1990). Belief congruence and evaluator homophobia as determinants of the attractiveness of competent homosexual and heterosexual males. Journal of Psychology and Human Sexuality, 3(1), 67-87.
62. Singh, R., & Tan, L.S.C. (1992). Attitudes and attraction: A test of the similarity-attraction and dissimilarity-repulsion hypotheses. British Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 227-238.
63. Smeaton, G., Byrne, D., & Murnen, S. K. (1989). The repulsion hypothesis revisited: Similarity irrelevance or dissimilarity bias? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 54-59.
64. SPSS, Inc. (1988). SPSS-X user's guide (3rd ed.). Chicago: Author.
65. Tajfel, H. (1957). Value and the perceptual judgment of magnitude. Psychological Review, 64, 192-204.
66. Tajfel, H. (1959). Quantitative judgment in social perception. British Journal of Psychology, 50, 16-29.
67. Tajfel, H. (Ed.). (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of intergroup relations. London: Academic Press.
68. Tajfel, H. (1982). Social identity and intergroup relations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
69. Tajfel, H., Billig, M., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1, 149-177.
70. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
71. Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). Classification and quantitative judgment. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101-114.
72. Tan, D.T.Y., & Singh, R. (1995). Attitudes and attraction: A developmental study of the similarity-attraction and dissimilarity-repulsion hypotheses. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 975-986.
73. Turner, J. C. (1982). Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), Social identity and intergroup relations (pp. 15-40). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
74. Turner, J. C. (1984). Social identification and psychological group formation. In H. Tajfel (Ed.), The social dimension: European developments in social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 518-538). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
75. Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E. J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes: Theory and research (Vol. 2, pp. 77-122). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
76. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M. A., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S. D., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
77. Werner, C., & Parmalee, P. (1979). Similarity of activity preferences among friends: Those who play together stay together. Social Psychology Quarterly, 42, 62-66.
78. Wilder, D. A. (1984). Perceptions of belief homogeneity and similarity following social categorization. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 323-333.
79. Winter, L., & Uleman, J. S. (1984). When are social judgments made? Evidence for the spontaneousness of trait inferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 54-59.
80. Winter, L., Uleman, J. S., & Cunniff, C. (1985). How automatic are social judgments? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 904-917.