Soil heterogeneity and plant competition in an annual grassland

Ecology

Volumn 78, Issue 7, 1997, Pages 2076-2090

  Reynolds, Heather L ^a,b   Hungate, Bruce A ^a,c   Chapin III, F S ^a   D'Antonio, Carla M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c SMITHSONIAN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

California grassland; Calycadenia multiglandulosum; Lasthenia californica; Plant coexistence and competition; Plantago erecta; Soil characteristics; Soil heterogeneity; Species diversity

Indexed keywords

CALYCADENIA MULTIGLANDULOSUM; LASTHENIA CALIFORNICA; PLANTAGO ERECTA; PLANTAGINACEAE;

ABUNDANCE; ANNUAL GRASSLAND; COEXISTENCE; COMPETITION; SERPENTINE GRASSLAND; SOIL HETEROGENEITY;

EID: 0031284533     PISSN: 00129658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078[2076:shapci]2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Aarssen, L. W. 1983. Ecological combining ability and competitive combining ability in plants: toward a general evolutionary theory of coexistence in systems of competition. American Naturalist 122:707-731.
2. Atkinson, W. D., and B. Shorrocks. 1981. Competition on a divided and ephemeral resource: a simulation model. Journal of Animal Ecology 50:461-471.
3. Beals, E. W., and J. B. Cope. 1964. Vegetation and soils in an eastern Indiana woods. Ecology 45:777-792.
4. Binkley, D. 1984. Ion exchange resin bags: factors affecting estimates of nitrogen availability. Soil Science of America Journal 48:1181-1184.
5. Bratton, S. P. 1976. Resource division in an understory herb community: responses to temporal and microtopographic gradients. American Naturalist 110:679-693.
6. Brereton, A. J. 1971. The structure of the species populations in the initial stages of salt marsh succession. Journal of Ecology 59:321-338.
7. Brookes, P. C., A. Landman, G. Pruden, and D. S. Jenkinson. 1985. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17:837-842.
8. Brooks, P. D., J. M. Stark, B. B. McInteer, and T. Preston. 1989. Diffusion method to prepare soil extracts for automated nitrogen-15 analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53:1707-1711.
9. Chesson, P. L., and R. R. Warner. 1981. Environmental variability promotes coexistence in lottery competitive systems. American Naturalist 117:923-943.
10. Connell, J. H. 1983. On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments. American Naturalist 122:661-696.
11. Fagerström, T. 1988. Lotteries in communities of sessile organisms. Tree 3:303-306.
12. Fowler, N. L. 1986. The role of competition in plant communities in arid and semiarid regions. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 17:89-110.
13. _. 1990. The effects of competition and environmental heterogeneity on three coexisting grasses. Journal of Ecology 78:389-402.
14. Frego, K. A., and T. J. Carlton. 1995a. Microsite conditions and spatial pattern in a boreal bryophyte community. Canadian Journal of Botany 73:544-551.
15. Frego, K. A., and T. J. Carlton. 1995b. Microsite tolerance of four bryophytes in a mature black spruce stand: reciprocal transplants. Bryologist 98:452-458.
16. Giblin, A. E., J. A. Laundre, K. J. Nadelhoffer, and G. R. Shaver. 1994. Measuring nutrient availability in arctic soils using ion exchange resins: a field test. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58:1154-1162.
17. Gibson, D. J. 1988. The relationship of sheep grazing and soil heterogeneity to plant spatial patterns in dune grassland. Journal of Ecology 76:233-252.
18. Goldberg, D. E. 1982. The distribution of evergreen and deciduous trees relative to soil type: an example from the Sierra Madre, Mexico and a general model. Ecology 63:942-951.
19. _. 1985. Effects of soil pH, competition, and seed predation on the distributions of two tree species. Ecology 66:503-511.
20. Goldberg, D. E., and A. M. Barton. 1992. Patterns and consequences of interspecific competition in natural communities: a review of field experiments with plants. American Naturalist 139:771-801.
21. Gordon, D. R., and K. J. Rice. 1992. Partitioning of space and water between two California annual grassland species. American Journal of Botany 79:967-976.
22. Grubb, P. J. 1977. The maintenance of species-richness in plant communities: the importance of the regeneration niche. Biological Review 52:107-145.
23. Gulmon, S. L., N. R. Chiariello, H. A. Mooney, and C. C. Chu. 1983. Phenology and resource use in three co-occurring grassland annuals. Oecologia 58:33-42.
24. Gurevitch, J., L. L. Morrow, A. Wallace, and J. S. Walsh. 1992. A meta-analysis of competition in field experiments. American Naturalist 140:539-572.
25. Harper, J. L. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
26. Hobbs, R. J., S. L. Gulmon, V. J. Hobbs, and H. A. Mooney. 1988. Effects of fertilizer addition and subsequent gopher disturbance on a serpentine annual grassland community. Oecologia 75:291-295.
27. Hobbs, R. J., and V. J. Hobbs. 1987. Gophers and grassland: a model of vegetation response to patchy soil disturbance. Vegetatio 69:141-146.
28. Hobbs, R. J., and H. A. Mooney. 1985. Community and population dynamics of serpentine grassland annuals in relation to gopher disturbance. Oecologia 67:342-351.
29. Hobbs, R. J., and H. A. Mooney. 1991. Effects of rainfall variability and gopher disturbance on serpentine annual grassland dynamics. Ecology 72:59-68.
30. Hobbs, R. J., and H. A. Mooney. 1995. Spatial and temporal variability in California annual grassland: results from a long-term study. Journal of Vegetation Science 5:43-56.
31. Hubbell, S. P., and R. B. Foster. 1986. Biology, chance, and history and the structure of tropical rain forest tree communities. Pages 314-329 in T. J. Case, and J. Diamond, editors. Community ecology. Harper and Row, New York, New York, USA.
32. Huenneke, L. F., S. P. Hamburg, R. Koide, H. A. Mooney, and P. M. Vitousek. 1990. Effects of soil resources on plant invasion and community structure in Californian serpentine grassland. Ecology 71:478-491.
33. Huston, M. A. 1979. A general hypothesis of species diversity. American Naturalist 113:81-101.
34. Hutchinson, G. E. 1961. The paradox of the plankton. American Naturalist XCV: 137-145.
35. Inouye, R. S., N. J. Huntly, D. Tilman, and J. R. Tester. 1987. Pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius), vegetation, and soil nitrogen along a successional sere in east central Minnesota. Oecologia 72:178-184.
36. Jackson, J. B. C., and L. Buss. 1975. Allelopathy and spatial competition among coral reef invertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 72:5160-5163.
37. Jackson, L. E., J. P. Schimel, and M. K. Firestone. 1989. Short-term partitioning of ammonium and nitrate between plants and microbes in an annual grassland. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 21:409-415.
38. Jackson, R. B., and M. M. Caldwell. 1993. The scale of nutrient heterogeneity around individual plants and its quantification with geostatistics. Ecology 74:612-614.
39. 2. Oecologia 105:74-80.
40. Janzen, D. H. 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. American Naturalist 104:501-528.
41. Kelly, V. R., and C. D. Canham. 1992. Resource heterogeneity in old fields. Journal of Vegetation Science 3:545-552.
42. Lavorel, S., J. Lepart, M. Debussche, J. D. Lebreton, and J. L. Beffy. 1994. Small scale disturbances and the maintenance of species diversity in mediterranean old fields. Oikos 70:455-472.
43. Lechowicz, M. J., and G. Bell. 1991. The ecology and genetics of fitness in forest plants. II. Microspatial heterogeneity of the edaphic environment. Journal of Ecology 79:687-696.
44. Mahall, B. E., and R. B. Park. 1976. The ecotone between Spartina foliosa Trin. and Stilicornia virginica L. in salt marshes of northern San Francisco Bay. II. Soil water and salinity. Journal of Ecology 64:783-809.
45. 15N in tussock tundra ecosytems. Holarctic Ecology 10:230-234.
46. McGraw, J. B., and F. S. Chapin III. 1989. Competitive ability and adaptation to fertile and infertile soils in two Eriophorum species. Ecology 70:736-749.
47. 15N uptake and the organization of an old field plant community. Ecology 71:1126-1132.
48. Milliken, G. A., and D. E. Johnson. 1984. Analysis of messy data. Lifetime Learning Publications, Belmont, California, USA.
49. Mooney, H. A., R. J. Hobbs, J. Gorham, and K. Williams. 1986. Biomass accumulation and resource utilization in co-occurring grassland annuals. Oecologia 70:555-558.
50. O'Leary, M. H. 1988. Carbon isotopes in photosynthesis: fractionation techniques may reveal new aspects of carbon dynamics in plants. BioScience 38:328-335.
51. Parrish, J. A. D., and F. A. Bazzaz. 1976. Underground niche separation in successional plants. Ecology 57:1281-1288.
52. Pastor, J., J. D. Aber, C. A. McClaugherty, and J. M. Melillo. 1984. Aboveground production and N and P cycling along a nitrogen mineralization gradient on Blackhawk Island. Wisconsin. Ecology 65:256-268.
53. Pennings, S. C., and R. M. Callaway. 1992. Salt marsh plant zonation: the relative importance of competition and physical factors. Ecology 73:681-690.
54. Pickett, S. T. A. 1980. Non-equilibrium coexistence of plants. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 107:238-248.
55. Pickett, S. T. A., and F. A. Bazzaz. 1976. Divergence of two co-occurring successional annuals on a soil moisture gradient. Ecology 57:169-176.
56. Rice, K. J., and J. W. Menke. 1985. Competitive reversals and environment-dependent resource partitioning in Erodium. Oecologia 67:430-434.
57. Robertson, G. P., M. A. Huston, F. C. Evans, and J. M. Tiedje. 1988. Spatial variability in a successional plant community: patterns of nitrogen availability. Ecology 69:1517-1524.
58. Schlesinger, W. H., E. H. Delucia, and W. D. Billings. 1989. Nutrient-use efficiency of woody plants on contrasting soils in the western Great Basin, Nevada. Ecology 70:105-113.
59. Schmida, A., and S. Ellner. 1984. Coexistence of plant species with similar niches. Vegetatio 58:29-55.
60. Schoener, T. W. 1983. Field experiments on interspecific competition. American Naturalist 122:240-285.
61. Snaydon, R. W. 1962. Micro-distribution of Trifolium repens L. and its relation to soil factors. Journal of Ecology 50:133-143.
62. _. 1971. An analysis of competition between plants of Trifolium repens L. populations collected from contrasting soils. Journal of Applied Ecology 8:687-699.
63. SYSTAT, Statistics, Version 5.2. 1992. SYSTAT, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
64. Tilman, D. 1982. Resource competition and community structure. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
65. _. 1987. Secondary succession and the pattern of plant dominance along experimental nitrogen gradients. Ecological Monographs 57:189-214.
66. _. 1988. Plant strategies and the dynamics and structure of plant communities. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
67. Tilman, D., and S. Pacala. 1993. The maintenance of species richness in plant communities. Pages 13-25 in R. E. Ricklefs and D. Schluter, editors. Species diversity in ecological communities. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
68. Tilman, D., and D. Wedin. 1991a. Dynamics of nitrogen competition between successional grasses. Ecology 72:1038-1049.
69. Tilman, D., and D. Wedin. 1991b. Plant traits and resource reduction for live grasses growing on a nitrogen gradient. Ecology 72:685-700.
70. Turitzin, S. N. 1982. Nutrient limitations to plant growth in a California serpentine grassland. American Midland Naturalist 107:95-99.
71. Turkington, R. A., P. B. Cavers, and L. W. Aarssen. 1977. Neighbor relationships in grass-legume communities. I. Interspecific contacts in four grassland communities near London, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 55:2701-2711.
72. Vinton, M. A., and I. C. Burke. 1995. Interactions between individual plant species and soil nutrient status in short-grass steppe. Ecology 76:1116-1133.
73. Wedin, D. A., and D. Tilman. 1990. Species effects on nitrogen cycling: a test with perennial grasses Oecologia 84:433-441.
74. Weir, D. A., and J. B. Wilson. 1987. Micro-pattern in an area of New Zealand alpine vegetation. Vegetatio 73:81-88.
75. Whittaker, R. H., and S. A. Levin. 1977. The role of mosaic phenomena in natural communities. Theoretical Population Biology 12:117-139.
76. Wilson, S. D., and D. Tilman. 1995. Competitive response of eight old-field plant species in four environments. Ecology 76:1169-1180.
77. Winer, B. J., D. R. Brown, and K. M. Michels. 1991. Statistical principles in experimental design. Third edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, USA.
78. Wootton, J. T. 1994. Pulling the pieces together: testing the independence of interactions among organisms. Ecology 75:1544-1551.
79. Yeaton, R. I., Travis, J., and E. Gilinsky. 1977. Competition and spacing in plant communities: the Arizona upland association. Journal of Ecology 65:587-595.