Does sex determination start at conception?

BioEssays

Volumn 19, Issue 11, 1997, Pages 1027-1032

  Erickson, Robert P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031282268     PISSN: 02659247     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bies.950191113     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Simpson, J.L. (1976). Disorders of Sexual Differentiation: Etiology and Clinical Delineation, pp. 167-168. Academic Press, NY.
2. Koopman, P., Gubbay, J., Collignon, J. and Lovell-Badge, R. (1989). Zfy gene expression patterns are not compatible with a primary role in mouse sex determination. Nature 342, 940-942.
3. Koopman, P., Münsterberg, A., Capel, B., Vivian, N. and Lovell-Badge, R. (1990). Expression of a candidate sex-determining gene during mouse testis differentiation. Nature 348, 450-452.
4. Green, R.R., Burrill, M.W, and Ivy, A.C. (1939). Experimental intersexuality. The effect of antenatal androgens on sexual development of female rats. Am. J. Anat. 65, 415-469.
5. Jost, A. (1955). Modalities in the action of gonadal and gonad-stimulating hormones in the fetus. Mem. Soc. Endocrinol. 4, 237-248.
6. Pinsky, L. and Kaufman, M. (1987). Genetics of steroid receptors and their disorders. Adv. Hum. Genet. 16, 229-472.
7. Blecher, S. (1978). Microscopic epididymides in testicular feminization. Nature 275, 748-749.
8. Brown, D.M., Marklan, C. and Dehner, L.P. (1978). Leydig cell hypoplasia: a cause of male psuedohermaphroditism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 46, 1-7.
9. Lee, P.A. et al. (1982). Leydig cell hypofunction resulting in male pseudohermaphroditism. Fert. Steril. 37, 675-679.
10. Jost, A., Vigier, B., Prépin, J. and Perchellet, J.P. (1973). Studies on sex differentiation in mammals, Rec. Prog. Horm. Res. 29, 1-41.
11. Mastrangelo, P., Zwingman, T., Erickson, R.P. and Blecher, S.R. (1994) Zfy is transcribed in the normal mouse epididymis and the XXSxr ('sex reversed') testis. Dev. Genet. 15, 129-138.
12. Knebelmann, B., Boussin, L., Guerrier, D., Legeai, L., Kahn, A., Josso, N. and Picard, J.Y. (1991). Anti-Müllerian hormone bruxelles: A nonsense mutation associated with the persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3767-3771.
13. Rosenthal, I.M. (1991). Molecular basis for persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 7, 53-56.
14. O, W.-S., Short, R.V., Renfree, M.B. and Shaw, G. (1988). Primary genetic control of somatic sexual differentiation in a mammal. Nature 331, 716-717.
15. Sharman, G.B., Hughes, R.L. and Cooper, D.W. (1990). The chromosomal basis of sex differentiation in marsupials. Aust. J. Zool. 37, 451-466.
16. McCrady, E. (1938). The embryology of the opossum. Am. Anat. Mem. 16, 1-226.
17. Baker, P.J., Moore, H.D.M., Penfold, L.M., Burgess, A.M.C. and Mittwoch, U. (1990). Gonadal sex differentiation in the neonatal marsupial, Monodelphis domestics. Development 109, 699-704.
18. Sinclair, A.M. et al. (1990). A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif. Nature 346, 240-244.
19. Gubbay, J. et al. (1990). A gene mapping to the sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome is a member of a novel family of embryonically expressed genes. Nature 346, 245-250.
20. Koopman, P., Gubbay, J., Vivian, N., Goodfellow, P. and Lovell-Badge, R. (1991). Male development of chromosomally female mice transgenic for Sry. Nature 351, 117-121.
21. Zwingman, T., Erickson, R.P., Boyer, T. and Ao, A. (1993). Transcription of the sex-determining region genes Sry and Zfy in the mouse preimplantation embryo. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 814-817.
22. Cao, Q.P., Gaudette, M.F., Robinson, D.H. and Crain, W.R. (1995). Expression of the mouse testis-determining gene Sry in male preimplantation embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 40, 196-204.
23. Hacker, A., Capel, B., Goodfellow, P. and Lovell-Badge, R. (1995) Expression of Sry, the mouse sex-determining gene. Development, 121, 1603-1014.
24. Capel, B. et al. (1993). Circular transcripts of the testis-determining gene Sry in adult mouse testis. Cell 73, 1019-1030.
25. Zwingman, T. et al. (1994). Transcription of circular and noncircular forms of Sry in mouse testes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 37, 370-381.
26. Boyer, T. and Erickson, R.P. (1993). Detection of circular and linear transcripts of Sry in preimplantation mouse embryos: differences in requirement for reverse transcriptase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 198, 492-496.
27. Clepet, C., Schafer, A.J., Sinclair, A.H., Palmer, M.S., Lovell-Badge, R. and Goodfellow, P.N. (1993). The human SRY transcript. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2, 2007-2012.
28. Foster, J.W. et al. (1992). Evolution of sex determination and the Y chromosome: SRK-related sequences in marsupials. Nature 359, 531-532.
29. Harry, J.L., Koopman, P., Brennan, F.E., Marshall Graves, J.A. and Renfree, M.B. (1995). Widespread expression of the testis-determining gene SRY in a marsupial. Nature Genet. 11, 347-349.
30. Bernardi, M.-L., Cotinot, C., Payen, E. and Delouis, C. (1996). Transcription of Y-and X-linked genes in preimplantation ovine embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 45, 132-138.
31. Burgoyne, P.S. et al. (1995). The genetic basis of XX-XY differences present before gonadal sex differentiation in the mouse. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 350, 253-261.
32. Mittwoch, U., Delhanty, J.D.A. and Beck, F. (1969). Growth of differentiating testes and ovaries. Nature 224, 323-325.
33. Tsunoda, Y., Tokunaga, T. and Sugie, T. (1985). Altered sex ratio of live young after transfer of fast-and slow-developing mouse embryos. Gamete Res. 12, 301-304.
34. Latham, K.E. (1996). X chromosome imprinting and inactivation in the early embryo. Trends Genet. 12, 134-138.
35. Burgoyne, P.S. (1993). A Y-chromosmal effect on blastocyst cell number in mice. Development 117, 341-345.
36. Scott, W.J. and Holsen, J.F. (1977). Weight differences in rat embryos prior to sexual differentiation. J. Embryol. Morphol. 40, 259-263.
37. Seller, M.J. and Perkins-Cole, K.J. (1987). Sex difference in mouse embryonic development at neurulation. J. Reprod. Fert. 79, 159-161.
38. Bernardi, M.L. and Delouis, C. (1996). Sex-related differences in developmental rate of in-vitro matured/in-vitro fertilized ovine embryos Hum. Reprod. 11, 621-626.
39. Xu, K.P., Yadav, B.R., King, W.A. and Betteridge, K.J. (1992) Sex-related differences in developmental rates of bovine embryos produced and cultured in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 31, 229-234.
40. Pergament, E., Fiddler, M., Cho, N., Johnson, D. and Holmgren, W. (1994). Sexual differentiation and preimplantation cell growth. Hum. Reprod. 9, 1730-1732.
41. Tiffin, G.J., Rieger, D., Betteridge, K.J., Yadar, B.R. and King, W.A. (1991). Glucose and glutamine metabolism in pre-attachment cattle embryos in relation to sex and stage of development. J. Reprod. Fert. 93, 125-132.
42. Ray, P.F., Conaghan, J., Winston, R.M.L. and Handyside, A.M. (1995) Increased number of cells and metabolic activity in male human preimplantation embryos following in vitro fertilization. J. Reprod. Fert. 104, 165-171.
43. Ogata, T. and Matsuo, N. (1993). Sex chromosome aberrations and stature: Deduction of the principal factors involved in the determination of adult height. Hum. Genet. 91, 551-562.
44. Thornhill, A.R. and Burgoyne, P.S. (1993). A paternally imprinted X chromosome retards the development of the early mouse embryo. Development 118, 171-174.
45. Burgoyne, P.S., Tam, P.P.L. and Evans, E.P. (1983). Retarded development of XO conceptuses during early pregnancy in the mouse. J. Reprod. Fert. 68, 387-393.
46. Omoe, K. and Endo, A. (1993). Growth and development of 39,X mouse embryos at mid-gestation. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 63, 50-53.
47. Mittwoch, U. and Mahadevaiah, S. (1980). Additional growth - a link between mammalian testes, avian ovaries, gonadal asymmetry in hermaphrodites and the expression of H-Y antigen. Growth 44, 287-300.
48. Mittwoch, U. (1971). Sex determination in birds and mammals. Nature 231, 432-434.
49. Cattanach, B.M., Rasberry, C. and Beechey, C.V. (1995). XY sex reversal associated with autosomal deletions. Mouse Genome 93, 426.
50. Peippo, J. and Bredbacka, P. (1995). Sex-related growth rate differences in mouse preimplantation embryos in vivo and in vitro. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 40, 56-61.
51. Agulnik, A.I., Mitchell, M.J., Lema, J.L,. Woods, D.R. and Bishop, C.E. (1994). A mouse Y chromosome gene encoded by a region essential for spermatogenesis and expression of male-specific minor histocompatibility antigens. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3, 873-878.
52. Kent-First, M.G. et al. (1996). Gene sequence and evolutionary conservation of human SMCY. Nature Genet. 14, 128-129.
53. Ao, A., Erickson, R.P., Winston, R.M.L. and Handyside, A.H. (1994). Transcription of paternal Y-linked genes in the human zygote as early as the pronucleate stage. Zygote 2, 281-287.
54. Fiddler, M., Abdel-Rahman, B., Rappolee, D.A. and Pergament, E. (1995). Expression of SRY transcripts in preimplantation human embryos. Am. J. Med. Genet. 55, 80-84.
55. Krco, C.J. and Goldberg, E.H. (1976). Detection of H-Y (male) antigen and 8-cell mouse embryos. Science 193, 1134-1135.
56. Epstein, C.J., Smith, S. and Davis, B. (1980). Expression of H-Y antigen on preimplantation mouse embryos. Tissue Antigens 15, 63-67.
57. Scott, D.M. et al. (1995). Identification of a mouse male specific transplantation antigen, H-Y. Nature 376. 695-698.
58. 6 epitope is encoded by a novel mouse Y chromosome gene. Nature Genet. 14, 474-478.
59. White, K.L., Anderson, G.B. and BonDurant, R.H. (1987). Expression of a male-specific factor on various stages of preimplantation bovine embryos. Biol. Reprod. 37, 867-873.
60. Charnier, M. (1966). Action de la température sur la sex-ratio chez 1'embryon d'Agama agama (Agamidae, Lacertilien). Soc. Biol. Quest. Af. 160, 620-622.
61. Ferguson, M.W.J. and Joannen, T. (1982). Temperature of egg incubation determines sex in Alligator mississippiensis. Nature 296, 850-853
62. Bull, J.J. (1980). Sex determination in reptiles. Quart. Rev. Biol. 55, 3.
63. Pieau, C. (1971). Sur la proportion seuelle les embryons de deux Cheloriens (Testudo graaeca L. et Emys orbicularis L.) issue d'oeufe incubes artificiellement. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 272, 3071-3074.
64. Bickham, J.W. (1982). Patterns and modes of chromosomal evolution in reptiles. In Chromosomes in Evolution of Eukaryotic Groups, vol. 2 (ed. A.K. Sharma and A. Sharma), pp. ??-??. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
65. Yntema, C.L. (1976). Effects of incubation temperatures on sexual differentiation in the turtle, Chelydra serpentina. J. Morphol. 150, 453-462.
66. Bull, J.J. (1983). Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms. Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, CA.
67. Head, G., May, R.M. and Pendleton, C. (1987). Environmental determination of sex in the reptiles. Nature 329, 198.
68. Pieu, C. (1996). Temperature variation and sex determination in reptiles. BioEssays 18, 19-26.
69. Just, W. et al. (1995). Absence of Sryin species of the vole Ellobius. Nature Genet. 11, 117-118.
70. Spurdle, A.B., Shankman, S. and Ramsay, M. (1995). XX true hermaphroditism in Southern African Blacks: exclusion of SRV sequences and uniparental disomy of the X chromosome. Am. J. Med. Genet. 55, 53-56.