Dimensionality and content of optimism-pessimism analyzed in terms of the PAD Temperament Model

Personality and Individual Differences

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 729-737

  Mehrabian, Albert ^a   Ljunggren, Edward ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031280945     PISSN: 01918869     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00119-0     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Aspinwall, L. G. & Brunhart, S. M. (1996). Distinguishing optimism from denial: Optimistic beliefs predict attention to health threats. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 993-1003.
2. Bentler, P. M. (1993). EQS structural equations program manual. Los Angeles: BMDP Statistical Software.
3. Bentler, P. M. & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
4. Bernard, L. C., Hutchison, S., Lavin, A. & Pennington, P. (1996). Ego-strength, hardiness, self-esteem, self-efficacy, optimism, and maladjustment: Health-related personality constructs and the "Big Five" model of personality. Assessment, 3, 115-131.
5. Caryk, C. J. & Walker, J. L. (1986). Optimism and irrational beliefs. Psychological Reports, 59, 457-458.
6. Cattell, R. B. (1988). The meaning and strategic use of factor analysis. In J. R. Nesselroade & R. B. Cattell (Eds.), Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology (2nd ed., pp. 131-206). New York: Plenum.
7. Chang, E. C., D'Zurilla, T. J. & Maydeu-Olivares, A. (1994). Assessing the dimensionality of optimism and pessimism using a multimeasure approach. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 18, 143-160.
8. Corr, P. J. & Gray, J. A. (1996). Structure and validity of the Attributional Style Questionnaire: A cross-sample comparison. Journal of Psychology, 130, 645-657.
9. Darvill, T. J. & Johnson, R. (1991). Optimism and perceived control of life events as related to personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 951-954.
10. Eysenck, H. J. & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
11. Fontaine, K. R., Manstead, A. S. R. & Wagner, H. (1993). Optimism, perceived control over stress, and coping. European Journal of Personality, 7, 267-281.
12. Kavussanu, M. & McAuley, E. (1995). Exercise and optimism: Are highly active individuals more optimistic? Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17, 246-258.
13. Marshall, G. N., Wortman, C. B., Kusulas, J. W., Hervig, L. K. & Vickers, R. R. (1992). Distinguishing optimism from pessimism: Relations to fundamental dimensions of mood and personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62, 1067-1074.
14. Mehrabian, A. (1978). Measures of individual differences in temperament. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 38, 1105-1117.
15. Mehrabian, A. (1994a). Manual for the revised Trait Dominance-Submissiveness Scale. (Available from Albert Mehrabian, 1130 Alta Mesa Road, Monterey, CA, USA 93940).
16. Mehrabian, A. (1994b). Evidence bearing on the Affiliative Tendency (MAFF) and Sensitivity to Rejection (MSR) scales. Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 13, 97-116.
17. Mehrabian, A. (1995a). Framework for a comprehensive description and measurement of emotional states. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 121, 339-361.
18. Mehrabian, A. (1995b). Theory and evidence bearing on a scale of trait arousability. Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 14, 3-28.
19. Mehrabian, A. (1995-96). Distinguishing depression and trait anxiety in terms of basic dimensions of temperament. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 15, 133-143.
20. Mehrabian, A. (1996a). Analysis of the Big-five personality factors in terms of the PAD Temperament Model. Australian Journal of Psychology, 48, 86-92.
21. Mehrabian, A. (1996b). Pleasure-arousal-dominance: A general framework for describing and measuring individual differences in temperament. Current Psychology: Developmental, Learning, Personality, Social, 14, 261-292.
22. Mehrabian, A. & Bekken, M. L. (1986). Temperament characteristics of individuals who participate in strenuous sports. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 57, 160-166.
23. Mehrabian, A. & Bernath, M. S. (1991). Factorial composition of commonly used self-report depression inventories: Relationships with basic dimensions of temperament. Journal of Research in Personality, 25, 262-275.
24. Mehrabian, A. & O'Reilly, E. (1980). Analysis of personality measures in terms of basic dimensions of temperament. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 492-503.
25. Mitchell, J. V. (1989). Personality correlates of attributional style. Journal of Psychology, 123, 447-463.
26. Osgood, C. E., Suci, G. J. & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
27. Peterson, C. & Bossio, L. M. (1991). Health and optimism. New York: Free Press.
28. Peterson, C., Seligman, M. E. P. & Vaillant, G. E. (1988). Pessimistic explanatory style is a risk factor for physical illness: A thirty-five-year longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 23-27.
29. Peterson, C., Semmel, A., von Baeyer, C., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I. & Seligman, M. E. P. (1982). The Attributional Style Questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6, 287-300.
30. Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S. & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1063-1078.
31. Seligman, M. E. P. (1991). Learned optimism. New York: Knopf.
32. Smith, T. W., Pope, M. K., Rhodewalt, F. & Poulton, J. L. (1989). Optimism, neuroticism, coping, and symptom reports: An alternative interpretation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 640-648.
33. Snider, J. G. & Osgood, C. E. (Eds.) (1969). Semantic differential technique. Chicago: Aldine.
34. Spearman, C. (1904). The proof and measurement of association between two things. American Journal of Psychology, 15, 72-101.
35. Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L. & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
36. Weinstein, N. D. (1980). Optimistic biases about personal risks. Science, 246, 1232-1233.
37. Williams, D. G. (1992). Dispositional optimism, neuroticism, and extraversion. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 475-477.