메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 350, Issue , 1997, Pages 29-96

Vorticity, strain-rate and dissipation characteristics in the near-wall region of turbulent boundary layers

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYERS; ENERGY DISSIPATION; FLOW MEASUREMENT; STRAIN; VORTEX FLOW; WALL FLOW;

EID: 0031269613     PISSN: 00221120     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022112097006770     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (75)

References (81)
  • 1
    • 0028096427 scopus 로고
    • Development of a New LASER Vorticity Probe-LAVOR
    • Lake Tahoe NV, June 20-24 (ed. T. Huange & M. Otugen) ASME FED
    • AGUI, J. H. & ANDREOPOULOS, J. 1994 Development of a New LASER Vorticity Probe-LAVOR. Fluids Engineering Div. Intl Symp. on LASER Anemometry. Lake Tahoe NV, June 20-24 (ed. T. Huange & M. Otugen) ASME FED vol. 191, pp. 11-19.
    • (1994) Fluids Engineering Div. Intl Symp. on LASER Anemometry , vol.191 , pp. 11-19
    • Agui, J.H.1    Andreopoulos, J.2
  • 2
    • 0020767572 scopus 로고
    • Improvements of the performance of triple hot wire probes
    • ANDREOPOULOS, J. 1983a Improvements of the performance of triple hot wire probes. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 54, 733-740.
    • (1983) Rev. Sci. Instrum. , vol.54 , pp. 733-740
    • Andreopoulos, J.1
  • 3
    • 0020970254 scopus 로고
    • Statistical errors associated with turbulence intensity and probe geometry in hot-wire anemometry
    • ANDREOPOULOS, J. 1983b Statistical errors associated with turbulence intensity and probe geometry in hot-wire anemometry. J. Phys. E, Sci. Instrum. 16, 1264-1271.
    • (1983) J. Phys. E, Sci. Instrum. , vol.16 , pp. 1264-1271
    • Andreopoulos, J.1
  • 4
    • 0030071980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wall-vorticity flux dynamics in a two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer
    • ANDREOPOULOS, J. & AGUI, J. H. 1996 Wall-vorticity flux dynamics in a two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 309, 45-84.
    • (1996) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.309 , pp. 45-84
    • Andreopoulos, J.1    Agui, J.H.2
  • 5
    • 0021199907 scopus 로고
    • Influence of Reynolds number on characteristics of turbulent wall boundary layers
    • ANDREOPOULOS, J., DURST, F., ZARIC, Z. & JOVANOVIC, J. 1984 Influence of Reynolds number on characteristics of turbulent wall boundary layers. Exps. Fluids 2, 7-16.
    • (1984) Exps. Fluids , vol.2 , pp. 7-16
    • Andreopoulos, J.1    Durst, F.2    Zaric, Z.3    Jovanovic, J.4
  • 6
    • 0019999262 scopus 로고
    • The response of a turbulent boundary layer to short length of roughness
    • ANDREOPOULOS, J. & WOOD, D. 1982 The response of a turbulent boundary layer to short length of roughness. J. Fluid Mech. 118, 143-164.
    • (1982) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.118 , pp. 143-164
    • Andreopoulos, J.1    Wood, D.2
  • 7
    • 0002210362 scopus 로고
    • On the measurement of lateral velocity derivatives in turbulent flows
    • ANTONIA, R. H., ZHU, Y. & KIM, J. 1993 On the measurement of lateral velocity derivatives in turbulent flows. Exps. Fluids 15, 65-69.
    • (1993) Exps. Fluids , vol.15 , pp. 65-69
    • Antonia, R.H.1    Zhu, Y.2    Kim, J.3
  • 9
    • 0023147375 scopus 로고
    • Alignment of vorticity and scalar gradient with strain rate in simulated Navier-Stokes turbulence
    • ASHURST, W. T., KERSTEIN, A. R., KERR, R. M. & GIBSON, C. H. 1987 Alignment of vorticity and scalar gradient with strain rate in simulated Navier-Stokes turbulence. Phys. Fluids 30, 2342-2353.
    • (1987) Phys. Fluids , vol.30 , pp. 2342-2353
    • Ashurst, W.T.1    Kerstein, A.R.2    Kerr, R.M.3    Gibson, C.H.4
  • 11
    • 0026185851 scopus 로고
    • The velocity and vorticity vector fields of a turbulent boundary layer. Part 2. Statistical properties
    • BALINT, J., WALLACE, J. M. & VUKOSLAVČEVIĆ, P. 1991 The velocity and vorticity vector fields of a turbulent boundary layer. Part 2. Statistical properties. J. Fluid Mech. 228, 53-86.
    • (1991) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.228 , pp. 53-86
    • Balint, J.1    Wallace, J.M.2    Vukoslavčević, P.3
  • 12
    • 0018531817 scopus 로고
    • Streamwise vortices associated with the bursting phenomenon
    • BLACKWELDER, R. F. & ECKELMANN, H. 1979 Streamwise vortices associated with the bursting phenomenon. J. Fluid Mech. 94, 577-594.
    • (1979) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.94 , pp. 577-594
    • Blackwelder, R.F.1    Eckelmann, H.2
  • 13
    • 0020786916 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of the bursting frequency in turbulent boundary layers
    • BLACKWELDER, R. F. & HARITONIDIS, J. H. 1983 Scaling of the bursting frequency in turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 132, 87-103.
    • (1983) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.132 , pp. 87-103
    • Blackwelder, R.F.1    Haritonidis, J.H.2
  • 14
    • 0016876359 scopus 로고
    • On the wall structure of the turbulent boundary layer
    • BLACKWELDER, R. F. & KAPLAN, R. E. 1976 On the wall structure of the turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 76, 89-112.
    • (1976) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.76 , pp. 89-112
    • Blackwelder, R.F.1    Kaplan, R.E.2
  • 16
    • 0029412962 scopus 로고
    • The law of the wall in turbulent flow
    • BRADSHAW, P. & HUANG, G. P. 1995 The law of the wall in turbulent flow. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 451, 165-188.
    • (1995) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A , vol.451 , pp. 165-188
    • Bradshaw, P.1    Huang, G.P.2
  • 17
    • 0017878453 scopus 로고
    • Influence of side walls on the turbulent centre-plane boundary layer in a square duct
    • BREDERODE, V. & BRADSHAW, P. 1974 Influence of side walls on the turbulent centre-plane boundary layer in a square duct. Trans. ASME J. Fluids Engng 100, 98-104.
    • (1974) Trans. ASME J. Fluids Engng , vol.100 , pp. 98-104
    • Brederode, V.1    Bradshaw, P.2
  • 23
    • 0016101442 scopus 로고
    • The structure of the viscous sublayer and the adjacent wall region in turbulent channel flow
    • ECKELMANN, H. 1974 The structure of the viscous sublayer and the adjacent wall region in turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 65, 439-549.
    • (1974) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.65 , pp. 439-549
    • Eckelmann, H.1
  • 24
    • 0010421798 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of vorticity in transitional and fully developed turbulent flows
    • Advances in Fluid Mechanics Measurements (ed. M. Gad-el-Hak). Springer
    • FOSS, J. F. & WALLACE, J. M. 1989 The measurement of vorticity in transitional and fully developed turbulent flows. In Advances in Fluid Mechanics Measurements (ed. M. Gad-el-Hak). Lecture Notes in Engineering, vol. 45. Springer.
    • (1989) Lecture Notes in Engineering , vol.45
    • Foss, J.F.1    Wallace, J.M.2
  • 25
    • 85002553591 scopus 로고
    • Reynolds number effects in wall bounded turbulent flows
    • GAD-EL-HAK, M. & BANDYOPADHYAY, R. P. 1994 Reynolds number effects in wall bounded turbulent flows. Appl. Mech. Rev. 47, 307-000.
    • (1994) Appl. Mech. Rev. , vol.47 , pp. 307-1000
    • Gad-el-hak, M.1    Bandyopadhyay, R.P.2
  • 26
    • 0026377099 scopus 로고
    • Locally axisymmtric turbulence
    • GEORGE, W. K. & HUSSAIN, H. J. 1991 Locally axisymmtric turbulence. J. Fluid. Mech. 233, 1-23.
    • (1991) J. Fluid. Mech. , vol.233 , pp. 1-23
    • George, W.K.1    Hussain, H.J.2
  • 27
    • 0028519596 scopus 로고
    • The generation and regeneration of single hairpin vortices
    • HAIDARI, A. H. & SMITH, C. R. 1994 The generation and regeneration of single hairpin vortices. J. Fluid Mech. 277, 135-162.
    • (1994) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.277 , pp. 135-162
    • Haidari, A.H.1    Smith, C.R.2
  • 29
    • 0019372301 scopus 로고
    • New aspects of turbulent boundary layer structure
    • HEAD, M. R. & BANDYOPADHYAY, P. 1981 New aspects of turbulent boundary layer structure. J. Fluid Mech. 107, 297-338.
    • (1981) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.107 , pp. 297-338
    • Head, M.R.1    Bandyopadhyay, P.2
  • 33
    • 0027154471 scopus 로고
    • Direct calibration mapping and data analysis in triple hot-wire anemometry
    • (ed. D. Stock, S. Serif & A. J. Smits). FED ASME
    • HONKAN, A. & ANDREOPOULOS, J. 1993 Direct calibration mapping and data analysis in triple hot-wire anemometry. In Thermal Anemometry (ed. D. Stock, S. Serif & A. J. Smits). FED vol. 167, pp. 67-78. ASME.
    • (1993) Thermal Anemometry , vol.167 , pp. 67-78
    • Honkan, A.1    Andreopoulos, J.2
  • 34
    • 0015005988 scopus 로고
    • Directional sensitivity of wire and fibre-film probes
    • JORGENSEN, F. E. 1971 Directional sensitivity of wire and fibre-film probes. DISA Information, vol. 11, p. 31-37.
    • (1971) DISA Information , vol.11 , pp. 31-37
    • Jorgensen, F.E.1
  • 35
    • 0029310889 scopus 로고
    • Statistical interpretation of the turbulent dissipation rate in wall-bounded flows
    • JOVANOVIĆ, J., YE, Q.-Y. & DURST, F. 1995 Statistical interpretation of the turbulent dissipation rate in wall-bounded flows. J. Fluid. Mech. 293, 321-347.
    • (1995) J. Fluid. Mech. , vol.293 , pp. 321-347
    • Jovanović, J.1    Ye, Q.-Y.2    Durst, F.3
  • 36
    • 0029240078 scopus 로고
    • Kinematics of the quasi-coherent vortical structure in near-wall turbulence
    • KASAGI, N., SUMITANI, Y., SUZUKI, Y. & IIDA, O. 1995 Kinematics of the quasi-coherent vortical structure in near-wall turbulence. Intl J. Heal Fluid Flow 16, 2-10.
    • (1995) Intl J. Heal Fluid Flow , vol.16 , pp. 2-10
    • Kasagi, N.1    Sumitani, Y.2    Suzuki, Y.3    Iida, O.4
  • 37
    • 0020604992 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of streamwise vorticity fluctuations in a turbulent channel flow
    • KASTRINAKIS, E. G. & ECKELMANN, H. 1983 Measurement of streamwise vorticity fluctuations in a turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 137, 165-186.
    • (1983) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.137 , pp. 165-186
    • Kastrinakis, E.G.1    Eckelmann, H.2
  • 38
    • 0001112323 scopus 로고
    • Isotropy of the small scales of turbulence at low Reynolds number
    • KIM, J. & ANTONIA, R. 1993 Isotropy of the small scales of turbulence at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 251, 219-238.
    • (1993) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.251 , pp. 219-238
    • Kim, J.1    Antonia, R.2
  • 39
    • 0023155294 scopus 로고
    • Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number
    • KIM, J., MOIN, P. & MOSER, R. 1987 Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 177, 133-166.
    • (1987) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.177 , pp. 133-166
    • Kim, J.1    Moin, P.2    Moser, R.3
  • 42
    • 0025507459 scopus 로고
    • On accurately measuring statistics associated with small-scale structure in turbulent boundary layers using hot-wire probes
    • KLEWICKI, J. C. & FALCO, R. E. 1990 On accurately measuring statistics associated with small-scale structure in turbulent boundary layers using hot-wire probes. J. Fluid Mech. 219, 119-142.
    • (1990) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.219 , pp. 119-142
    • Klewicki, J.C.1    Falco, R.E.2
  • 44
    • 0001277608 scopus 로고
    • The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers
    • KOLMOGOROV, A. A. 1941 The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers. C. R. Akad. Sci. SSSR 30, 301-306.
    • (1941) C. R. Akad. Sci. SSSR , vol.30 , pp. 301-306
    • Kolmogorov, A.A.1
  • 45
    • 0018325294 scopus 로고
    • Instantaneous direct of the velocity vector in a fully developed turbulent channel flow
    • KREPLIN, H. P. & ECKELMAN, H. 1979 Instantaneous direct of the velocity vector in a fully developed turbulent channel flow. Phys. Fluids 22, 1210-1211.
    • (1979) Phys. Fluids , vol.22 , pp. 1210-1211
    • Kreplin, H.P.1    Eckelman, H.2
  • 47
    • 0024496458 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of velocity vectors with orthogonal and non-orthogonal triple sensor probes
    • LEKAKIS, I. C., ADRIAN, R. J. & JONES, B. G. 1989 Measurement of velocity vectors with orthogonal and non-orthogonal triple sensor probes. Exps. Fluids 7, 228.
    • (1989) Exps. Fluids , vol.7 , pp. 228
    • Lekakis, I.C.1    Adrian, R.J.2    Jones, B.G.3
  • 50
    • 0041347034 scopus 로고
    • Image processing of hydrogen bubble flow visualization for quantitative evaluation of hairpin-type vortices as a flow structure of turbulent boundary layers
    • Lehigh University
    • LU, L. J. & SMITH, C. R. 1988 Image processing of hydrogen bubble flow visualization for quantitative evaluation of hairpin-type vortices as a flow structure of turbulent boundary layers. Tech. Rep. FM-14. Lehigh University.
    • (1988) Tech. Rep. FM-14
    • Lu, L.J.1    Smith, C.R.2
  • 51
    • 0039070501 scopus 로고
    • Vorticity production at a solid boundary
    • LYMAN, F. A. 1990 Vorticity production at a solid boundary. Appl. Mech. Rev. 43, 157-158.
    • (1990) Appl. Mech. Rev. , vol.43 , pp. 157-158
    • Lyman, F.A.1
  • 52
    • 0024165639 scopus 로고
    • Reynolds-stress and dissipation-rate budgets in a turbulent channel flow
    • MANSOUR, N. N., KIM, J. & MOIN, P. 1988 Reynolds-stress and dissipation-rate budgets in a turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 194, 15-44.
    • (1988) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.194 , pp. 15-44
    • Mansour, N.N.1    Kim, J.2    Moin, P.3
  • 53
    • 0001576896 scopus 로고
    • A calibration technique for multiple-sensor hot-wire probes and its application to vorticity measurements in the wake of a circular cylinder
    • MARASLI, B., NGUYEN, P. & WALLACE, J. M. 1993 A calibration technique for multiple-sensor hot-wire probes and its application to vorticity measurements in the wake of a circular cylinder. Exps. Fluids 15, 209-218.
    • (1993) Exps. Fluids , vol.15 , pp. 209-218
    • Marasli, B.1    Nguyen, P.2    Wallace, J.M.3
  • 55
    • 0022269105 scopus 로고
    • The structure of the vorticity field in a turbulent channel flow. Part 1. Analysis of instantaneous field and statistical correlations
    • MOIN, P. & KIM, J. 1985 The structure of the vorticity field in a turbulent channel flow. Part 1. Analysis of instantaneous field and statistical correlations. J. Fluid Mech. 155, 441-464.
    • (1985) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.155 , pp. 441-464
    • Moin, P.1    Kim, J.2
  • 57
    • 0026792211 scopus 로고
    • Bursts and the law of the wall in turbulent boundary layers
    • MORRISON, J. F., SUBRAMANIAN, C. S. & BRADSHAW, P. 1992 Bursts and the law of the wall in turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 241, 75-108.
    • (1992) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.241 , pp. 75-108
    • Morrison, J.F.1    Subramanian, C.S.2    Bradshaw, P.3
  • 59
    • 0019356393 scopus 로고
    • A visual study of turbulent spots
    • PERRY, A. E., LIM, T. T. & TEH, E. W. 1981 A visual study of turbulent spots. J. Fluid Mech. 104, 387-405.
    • (1981) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.104 , pp. 387-405
    • Perry, A.E.1    Lim, T.T.2    Teh, E.W.3
  • 60
    • 0019358194 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent boundary layer at low Reynolds number
    • PURTELL, L. P., KLEBANOFF, P. S. & BUCKLEY, F. T. 1981 Turbulent boundary layer at low Reynolds number. Phys. Fluids 24, 802-811.
    • (1981) Phys. Fluids , vol.24 , pp. 802-811
    • Purtell, L.P.1    Klebanoff, P.S.2    Buckley, F.T.3
  • 61
    • 0012451746 scopus 로고
    • RMS spanwise vorticity measurements in a turbulent boundary layer
    • RAJAGOPALAN, S. & ANTONTA, R. H. 1993 RMS spanwise vorticity measurements in a turbulent boundary layer. Exps Fluids 14, 142-144.
    • (1993) Exps Fluids , vol.14 , pp. 142-144
    • Rajagopalan, S.1    Antonta, R.H.2
  • 62
    • 0000923277 scopus 로고
    • Coherent motions in the turbulent boundary layer
    • ROBINSON, S. K. 1991 Coherent motions in the turbulent boundary layer. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 601-639.
    • (1991) Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. , vol.23 , pp. 601-639
    • Robinson, S.K.1
  • 63
    • 0020518499 scopus 로고
    • On the structure and resolution of wall-pressure fluctuations associated with turbulent boundary-layer flow
    • SCHEWE, G. 1983 On the structure and resolution of wall-pressure fluctuations associated with turbulent boundary-layer flow. J. Fluid Mech. 134, 311-328.
    • (1983) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.134 , pp. 311-328
    • Schewe, G.1
  • 65
    • 0001668118 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent wall-layer vortices
    • (ed. S. I. Green). Kluwer
    • SMITH, C. R. & WALKER, J. D. A. 1995 Turbulent wall-layer vortices. In Fluid Vortices (ed. S. I. Green). Kluwer.
    • (1995) Fluid Vortices
    • Smith, C.R.1    Walker, J.D.A.2
  • 66
    • 0028093696 scopus 로고
    • A study of the fine-scale motions of incompressible time-developing mixing layers
    • SORIA, J., SONDERGAARD, R., CANTWELL, B. J. & PERRY, A. E. 1994 A study of the fine-scale motions of incompressible time-developing mixing layers. Phys. Fluids A6, 871-883.
    • (1994) Phys. Fluids A , vol.6 , pp. 871-883
    • Soria, J.1    Sondergaard, R.2    Cantwell, B.J.3    Perry, A.E.4
  • 68
    • 84975836116 scopus 로고
    • A single formula for the law of the wall
    • SPALDING, D. B. 1961 A single formula for the law of the wall. Trans. ASMEE: J. Appl. Mech. 28, 455-458.
    • (1961) Trans. ASMEE: J. Appl. Mech. , vol.28 , pp. 455-458
    • Spalding, D.B.1
  • 71
    • 0026799539 scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation of the field of velocity gradients in turbulent flows
    • TSINOBER, A., KIT, E. & DRACOS, T. 1992 Experimental investigation of the field of velocity gradients in turbulent flows. J. Fluid Mech. 242, 169-192.
    • (1992) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.242 , pp. 169-192
    • Tsinober, A.1    Kit, E.2    Dracos, T.3
  • 72
    • 0016558682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-wire anemometry in high intensity turbulence
    • 19765
    • TUTU, N. K. & CHEVRAY, R. 19765 Cross-wire anemometry in high intensity turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 71, 785-800.
    • J. Fluid Mech. , vol.71 , pp. 785-800
    • Tutu, N.K.1    Chevray, R.2
  • 74
    • 0026191232 scopus 로고
    • The velocity and vorticity vector fields of a turbulent boundary layer. Part 1. Simultaneous measurement by hot-wire anemometry
    • VUKOSLAVČEVIĆ, P. WALLACE, J. M. & BALINT, J. 1991 The velocity and vorticity vector fields of a turbulent boundary layer. Part 1. Simultaneous measurement by hot-wire anemometry. J. Fluid Mech. 228, 25-51.
    • (1991) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.228 , pp. 25-51
    • Vukoslavčević, P.1    Wallace, J.M.2    Balint, J.3
  • 75
    • 0344907174 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of helicity density in turbulent flows
    • WALLACE, J. M., BALINT, J. & ONG, L. 1992 An experimental study of helicity density in turbulent flows. Phys. Fluids A 4, 2013-2026.
    • (1992) Phys. Fluids A , vol.4 , pp. 2013-2026
    • Wallace, J.M.1    Balint, J.2    Ong, L.3
  • 76
    • 0028851449 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of vorticity in turbulent flows
    • WALLACE, J. M. & FOSS, J. 1995 The measurement of vorticity in turbulent flows. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 27, 469-514.
    • (1995) Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. , vol.27 , pp. 469-514
    • Wallace, J.M.1    Foss, J.2
  • 77
    • 0024544923 scopus 로고
    • Reynolds number effects on the structure of a turbulent channel flow
    • WEI, T. & WILLMARTH, W. W. 1989 Reynolds number effects on the structure of a turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 204, 57-95.
    • (1989) J. Fluid Mech. , vol.204 , pp. 57-95
    • Wei, T.1    Willmarth, W.W.2
  • 78
    • 0022012021 scopus 로고
    • Geometric interpretation of the possible velocity vectors obtained with multiple sensor probes
    • WILLMARTH, W. W. 1985 Geometric interpretation of the possible velocity vectors obtained with multiple sensor probes. Phys. Fluids 28, 462-466.
    • (1985) Phys. Fluids , vol.28 , pp. 462-466
    • Willmarth, W.W.1
  • 79
    • 0002627854 scopus 로고
    • Surveys and new measurements of the turbulent structure near the wall
    • WILLMARTH, W. W. & BOGAR, J. J. 1977 Surveys and new measurements of the turbulent structure near the wall. Phys. Fluids 20, p. s9.
    • (1977) Phys. Fluids , vol.20
    • Willmarth, W.W.1    Bogar, J.J.2
  • 81
    • 0014603725 scopus 로고
    • Spatial resolution of the vorticity meter and other hot-wire arrays
    • WYNGAARD, J. C. 1969 Spatial resolution of the vorticity meter and other hot-wire arrays. J. Phys E: Sci. Instrum. 2, 983-987.
    • (1969) J. Phys E: Sci. Instrum. , vol.2 , pp. 983-987
    • Wyngaard, J.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.