Employing a new bath- and liquidus-temperature sensor for molten salts

JOM

Volumn 49, Issue 11, 1997, Pages 43-46

  Verstreken, P ^a,b,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^b Heraeus Centrum Zuid 1105   (Belgium)

^c TMS   (United States)

^d Centrum ZUID 1105 B1   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MOLTEN MATERIALS; SALTS; TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT;

BATH TEMPERATURE; LIQUIDUS TEMPERATURE;

SENSORS;

EID: 0031268368     PISSN: 10474838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11837-997-0011-x     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. M.P. Taylor, "Static and Dynamic Energy Balance in Reduction Cells," (paper presented at the International Course on the Process Metallurgy of Aluminium, Trondheirn, Norway, 24-28 May, 1993).
2. B.J. Welch and X. Liu, "Thermochemistry of Electrolyte and Cell Operation," (paper presented at the International Course on the Process Metallurgy of Aluminium, Trondheim, Norway, 3-7 June, 1996).
3. 2′″," Light Metals, ed. J.W. Evans (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1995), pp. 451-460.
4. E. W. Dewing, "Loss of Current Efficiency in Aluminum Electrolysis Cells, " Met. Trans B, 22B (1991), pp. 177-182.
5. G.I. Kuschel and B.J. Welch, "Further Studies of Alumina Dissolution Under Conditions Similar to Cell Operation," Light Metals, ed. E. Rooy (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1991), pp. 299-305.
6. M. Segatz and C. Droste, "Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities in Aluminum Reduction Cells," Light Metals, ed. U. Mannweiler (Warrendalc, PA: TMS, 1994) p. 313-332.
7. N. Urata, "Magnetics and Metal Pad Instability," Light Metals, ed. H.O. Bohner (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1985), p. 581-591.
8. 2 System: A Key to the Performance of Hall-Héroult Cells," Light Metals, ed. S.K. Das (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1993), pp. 239-245.
9. W.K. Fischer et al., "Interdependence Between Anode Net Consumption and Pot Design, Pot Operating Parameters and Anode Properties," Light Metals, ed. E. Rooy (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1991), pp. 681-686.
10. M. Sørlie et al., "Early Failure Mechanisms in Aluminium Cell Cathodes," Light Metals, ed. S.K. Das (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1993), pp. 299-308.
11. D.J. Madsen, "Temperature Measurement and Control in Reduction Cells," Light Metals, ed. E.R. Cutshall (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1992), pp. 453-456.
12. P. Verstreken and S. Benninghoff, "Bath- and Liquidus Temperature Sensor for Molten Salts," Light Metals, ed. W. Hale (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1996), pp. 437-444.
13. P. Verstreken, "Superheat Sensor for Electrolytic Hall-Héroult Cells," Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts (Warrendale, PA: ISS, 1997).
14. Kobbeltvedt et al., "Liquidus Probe for Hall-Héroult Baths," Proc. 9th Int. Symp. on Light Metals Production (Norway: NTNU, 1997).
15. G.J. Kipouros and D.R. Sadoway, "Molten Salts: Fundamentals and Industrial Applications" (short course presented at the 1995 TMS Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, 11 February, 1995).
16. 2 and the Constitution of the Melt in the System," Acta Chem. Scand. 22 (3) (1968), pp. 1004-1012.
17. G.P. Tarcy et al., "Systematic Alumina Measurement Errors and Their Significance in the Liquidus Enigma," Light Metals, ed. S.K. Das (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1993), pp. 227-232
18. W. Haupin, "The Liquidus Enigma," Light Metals, ed. E.R. Cutshall (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1992), pp. 477-480.