메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 443-470

Ultrasound backscattering from non-aggregating and aggregating erythrocytes - A review

Author keywords

Acoustic backscattering; Blood echogenicity; Power Doppler ultrasound; Red blood cell aggregation; Spontaneous echo contrast; Turbulence

Indexed keywords

DEXTRAN; FIBRINOGEN;

EID: 0031263394     PISSN: 0006355X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/bir-1997-34607     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (95)

References (98)
  • 1
    • 0016413594 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of urethral flow parameters by ultrasonic backscatter
    • ALBRIGHT, R.J., AND HARRIS, J.H. (1975). Diagnosis of urethral flow parameters by ultrasonic backscatter. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 22, 1-11.
    • (1975) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.22 , pp. 1-11
    • Albright, R.J.1    Harris, J.H.2
  • 2
    • 0030106988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the insonification angle on the Doppler backscattered power under red blood cell aggregation conditions
    • ALLARD, L., CLOUTIER, G., AND DURAND, L.G. (1996). Effect of the insonification angle on the Doppler backscattered power under red blood cell aggregation conditions. IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelec. Freq. Cont. 43, 211-219.
    • (1996) IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelec. Freq. Cont. , vol.43 , pp. 211-219
    • Allard, L.1    Cloutier, G.2    Durand, L.G.3
  • 3
    • 0018910679 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical study of the scattering of ultrasound from blood
    • ANGELSEN, B.A.J. (1980). A theoretical study of the scattering of ultrasound from blood. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 27, 61-67.
    • (1980) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.27 , pp. 61-67
    • Angelsen, B.A.J.1
  • 4
    • 0027166894 scopus 로고
    • On the Doppler signal from a steady flow asymmetrical stenosis model: Effects of turbulence
    • BASCOM, P.A.J., COBBOLD, R.S.C., ROUTH, H.F., AND JOHNSTON, K.W. (1993). On the Doppler signal from a steady flow asymmetrical stenosis model: Effects of turbulence. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 19, 197-210.
    • (1993) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.19 , pp. 197-210
    • Bascom, P.A.J.1    Cobbold, R.S.C.2    Routh, H.F.3    Johnston, K.W.4
  • 5
    • 0028829046 scopus 로고
    • On a fractal packing approach for understanding ultrasonic backscattering from blood
    • BASCOM, P.A.J., AND COBBOLD, R.S.C. (1995). On a fractal packing approach for understanding ultrasonic backscattering from blood. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98, 3040-3049.
    • (1995) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.98 , pp. 3040-3049
    • Bascom, P.A.J.1    Cobbold, R.S.C.2
  • 6
    • 0031048867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of the flow field distal to a moderate stenosis to the Doppler power
    • BASCOM, P.A.J., JOHNSTON, K.W., COBBOLD, R.S.C., AND OJHA, M. (1997). Relation of the flow field distal to a moderate stenosis to the Doppler power. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 23, 25-39.
    • (1997) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 25-39
    • Bascom, P.A.J.1    Johnston, K.W.2    Cobbold, R.S.C.3    Ojha, M.4
  • 8
    • 0026065017 scopus 로고
    • Polydisperse scattering theory and comparisons with data for red blood cells
    • BERGER, N.E., LUCAS, R.J., AND TWERSKY, V. (1991). Polydisperse scattering theory and comparisons with data for red blood cells. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89, 1394-1401.
    • (1991) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.89 , pp. 1394-1401
    • Berger, N.E.1    Lucas, R.J.2    Twersky, V.3
  • 9
  • 10
    • 0017979548 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic energy backscattered from blood: An experimental determination of the variation of sound energy with hematocrit
    • BORDERS, S.E., FRONEK, A., KEMPER, W.S., AND FRANKLIN, D. (1978). Ultrasonic energy backscattered from blood: An experimental determination of the variation of sound energy with hematocrit. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 6, 83-92.
    • (1978) Ann. Biomed. Eng. , vol.6 , pp. 83-92
    • Borders, S.E.1    Fronek, A.2    Kemper, W.S.3    Franklin, D.4
  • 11
    • 0023489487 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation of red blood cells studied by ultrasound backscattering
    • BOYNARD, M., LELIEVRE, J.C., AND GUILLET, R. (1987). Aggregation of red blood cells studied by ultrasound backscattering. Biorheology 24, 451-461.
    • (1987) Biorheology , vol.24 , pp. 451-461
    • Boynard, M.1    Lelievre, J.C.2    Guillet, R.3
  • 12
    • 0025353428 scopus 로고
    • Size determination of red blood cell aggregates induced by dextran using ultrasound backscattering phenomenon
    • BOYNARD, M., AND LELIEVRE, J.C. (1990). Size determination of red blood cell aggregates induced by dextran using ultrasound backscattering phenomenon. Biorheology 27, 39-46.
    • (1990) Biorheology , vol.27 , pp. 39-46
    • Boynard, M.1    Lelievre, J.C.2
  • 13
    • 7144222795 scopus 로고
    • Formation d'agrégats de globules rouges dans un écoulement de sédimentation mesuré par rétrodiffusion ultrasonore et modélisation des cinétiques d'agrégation
    • BOYNARD, M., MILLS, P., HAMMI, E., AND GUILLET, R. (1994). Formation d'agrégats de globules rouges dans un écoulement de sédimentation mesuré par rétrodiffusion ultrasonore et modélisation des cinétiques d'agrégation. Innov. Tech. Biol. Med. 15, 215-228.
    • (1994) Innov. Tech. Biol. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 215-228
    • Boynard, M.1    Mills, P.2    Hammi, E.3    Guillet, R.4
  • 15
    • 0016055733 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical analysis of the CW Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter
    • BRODY, W.R., AND MEINDL, J.D. (1974). Theoretical analysis of the CW Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 21, 183-192.
    • (1974) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.21 , pp. 183-192
    • Brody, W.R.1    Meindl, J.D.2
  • 16
    • 0017070964 scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical interactions between erythrocyte surfaces
    • CHIEN, S. (1976). Electrochemical interactions between erythrocyte surfaces. Thromb. Res. 8, 189-202.
    • (1976) Thromb. Res. , vol.8 , pp. 189-202
    • Chien, S.1
  • 17
    • 0030442931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-frequency continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound system for the detection of blood flow in the microcirculation
    • CHRISTOPHER, D.A., BURNS, P.N., ARMSTRONG, J., AND FOSTER, F.S. (1996). A high-frequency continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound system for the detection of blood flow in the microcirculation. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 22, 1191-1203.
    • (1996) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 1191-1203
    • Christopher, D.A.1    Burns, P.N.2    Armstrong, J.3    Foster, F.S.4
  • 18
    • 0030931135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-frequency pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound system for the detection and imaging of blood flow in the microcirculation
    • CHRISTOPHER, D.A., BURNS, P.N., STARKOSKI, B.G., AND FOSTER, F.S. (1997). A high-frequency pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound system for the detection and imaging of blood flow in the microcirculation. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 23, 997-1015.
    • (1997) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 997-1015
    • Christopher, D.A.1    Burns, P.N.2    Starkoski, B.G.3    Foster, F.S.4
  • 19
    • 33747997820 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic variation of Doppler backscattering power from porcine blood in a pulsatile flow model
    • CLOUTIER, G., AND SHUNG, K.K. (1991). Cyclic variation of Doppler backscattering power from porcine blood in a pulsatile flow model. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium 2, 1301-1304.
    • (1991) IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium , vol.2 , pp. 1301-1304
    • Cloutier, G.1    Shung, K.K.2
  • 20
    • 0027655349 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic variation of the power of ultrasonic Doppler signals backscattered by polystyrene microspheres and porcine erythrocyte suspensions
    • CLOUTIER, G., AND SHUNG, K.K. (1993a). Cyclic variation of the power of ultrasonic Doppler signals backscattered by polystyrene microspheres and porcine erythrocyte suspensions. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 40, 953-962.
    • (1993) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.40 , pp. 953-962
    • Cloutier, G.1    Shung, K.K.2
  • 21
    • 0027848569 scopus 로고
    • Study of red cell aggregation in pulsatile flow from ultrasonic Doppler power measurements
    • CLOUTIER, G., AND SHUNG, K.K. (1993b). Study of red cell aggregation in pulsatile flow from ultrasonic Doppler power measurements. Biorheology 30, 443-461.
    • (1993) Biorheology , vol.30 , pp. 443-461
    • Cloutier, G.1    Shung, K.K.2
  • 22
    • 0028852825 scopus 로고
    • Changes in ultrasonic Doppler backscattered power downstream of concentric and eccentric stenoses under pulsatile flow
    • CLOUTIER, G., ALLARD, L., AND DURAND, L.G. (1995). Changes in ultrasonic Doppler backscattered power downstream of concentric and eccentric stenoses under pulsatile flow. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 21, 59-70.
    • (1995) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 59-70
    • Cloutier, G.1    Allard, L.2    Durand, L.G.3
  • 23
    • 0030221281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of blood flow turbulence with pulsed-wave and power Doppler ultrasound imaging
    • CLOUTIER, G., ALLARD, L., AND DURAND, L.G. (1996a). Characterization of blood flow turbulence with pulsed-wave and power Doppler ultrasound imaging. J. Biomech. Eng. 118, 318-325.
    • (1996) J. Biomech. Eng. , vol.118 , pp. 318-325
    • Cloutier, G.1    Allard, L.2    Durand, L.G.3
  • 24
    • 0030152411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the shear rate and shear stress dependences of red blood cell aggregation
    • CLOUTIER, G., QIN, Z., DURAND, L.G., AND TEH, B.G. (1996b). Power Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the shear rate and shear stress dependences of red blood cell aggregation. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 43, 441-450.
    • (1996) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.43 , pp. 441-450
    • Cloutier, G.1    Qin, Z.2    Durand, L.G.3    Teh, B.G.4
  • 25
    • 0010588286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear rate dependence of normal, hypo-, and hyper-aggregating erythrocytes studied with power Doppler ultrasound
    • S. Lees and L.A. Ferrari, Eds., Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York
    • CLOUTIER G., AND QIN Z. (1997). Shear rate dependence of normal, hypo-, and hyper-aggregating erythrocytes studied with power Doppler ultrasound. In: Acoustical Imaging. 23. S. Lees and L.A. Ferrari, Eds., Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 291-296.
    • (1997) Acoustical Imaging , vol.23 , pp. 291-296
    • Cloutier, G.1    Qin, Z.2
  • 26
    • 0030708737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the erythrocyte aggregation level between veins and arteries of normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic individuals
    • CLOUTIER, G., WENG, X., ROEDERER, G.O., ALLARD, L., TARDIF, F., AND BEAULIEU, R. (1997). Differences in the erythrocyte aggregation level between veins and arteries of normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic individuals. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 23, 1383-1393.
    • (1997) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 1383-1393
    • Cloutier, G.1    Weng, X.2    Roederer, G.O.3    Allard, L.4    Tardif, F.5    Beaulieu, R.6
  • 27
    • 0024210519 scopus 로고
    • Modelling of ultrasound scattering by blood
    • COBET, U. (1988). Modelling of ultrasound scattering by blood. J. Nucl. Med. Allied Sciences 32, 188-195.
    • (1988) J. Nucl. Med. Allied Sciences , vol.32 , pp. 188-195
    • Cobet, U.1
  • 28
    • 0002546614 scopus 로고
    • Erythrocyte sedimentation of human blood at varying shear rates
    • J. Grayson and W. Zingg, Eds., Plenum Press, New York
    • COPLEY A.L., KING R.G., AND HUANG, C.R. (1976). Erythrocyte sedimentation of human blood at varying shear rates. In: Microcirculation. 1, J. Grayson and W. Zingg, Eds., Plenum Press, New York, pp. 133-134.
    • (1976) Microcirculation , vol.1 , pp. 133-134
    • Copley, A.L.1    King, R.G.2    Huang, C.R.3
  • 30
    • 0027998942 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous echo contrast in the descending aorta detected by transesophageal echocardiography
    • DEFILIPPI, C.R., LACKER, M., GRAYBURN, P.A., AND BRICKNER, M.E. (1994). Spontaneous echo contrast in the descending aorta detected by transesophageal echocardiography. Am. J. Cardiol. 74, 410-411.
    • (1994) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.74 , pp. 410-411
    • Defilippi, C.R.1    Lacker, M.2    Grayburn, P.A.3    Brickner, M.E.4
  • 32
    • 0029937435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythrocyte aggregability in patients with coronary heart disease
    • DEMIROGLU, H., BARISTA, I., AND DÜNDAR, S. (1996). Erythrocyte aggregability in patients with coronary heart disease. Clin. Hemorheol. 16, 313-317.
    • (1996) Clin. Hemorheol. , vol.16 , pp. 313-317
    • Demiroglu, H.1    Barista, I.2    Dündar, S.3
  • 33
    • 0022458942 scopus 로고
    • Detection of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast within the left atrium by transesophageal echocardiography: Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast
    • ERBEL, R., STERN, H., EHRENTHAL, W., SCHREINER, G., TREESE, N., KRÄMER, G., THELEN, M., SCHWEIZER, P., AND MEYER, J. (1986). Detection of spontaneous echocardiographic contrast within the left atrium by transesophageal echocardiography: Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast. Clin. Cardiol. 9, 245-252.
    • (1986) Clin. Cardiol. , vol.9 , pp. 245-252
    • Erbel, R.1    Stern, H.2    Ehrenthal, W.3    Schreiner, G.4    Treese, N.5    Krämer, G.6    Thelen, M.7    Schweizer, P.8    Meyer, J.9
  • 35
    • 0030742063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of red cell aggregation prevents spontaneous echocardiographic contrast formation in human blood
    • FATKIN, D., LOUPAS, T., LOW, J., AND FENELEY, M. (1997). Inhibition of red cell aggregation prevents spontaneous echocardiographic contrast formation in human blood. Circulation 96, 889-896.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 889-896
    • Fatkin, D.1    Loupas, T.2    Low, J.3    Feneley, M.4
  • 36
    • 0028851630 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the thoracic aorta: Factors associated with its occurrence and its association with embolic events
    • FINKELHOR, R.S., LAMONT, W.E., RAMANAVARAPU, S.K., AND BAHLER, R.C. (1995). Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the thoracic aorta: Factors associated with its occurrence and its association with embolic events. Am. Heart J. 130, 1254-1258.
    • (1995) Am. Heart J. , vol.130 , pp. 1254-1258
    • Finkelhor, R.S.1    Lamont, W.E.2    Ramanavarapu, S.K.3    Bahler, R.C.4
  • 37
    • 0023719573 scopus 로고
    • Weak reflection of a wave by a one-dimensional array of randomly spaced elements, with reference to the scattering of ultrasound by blood
    • GOUGH, W., ROUTH, H.F., AND WILLIAMS, R.P. (1988). Weak reflection of a wave by a one-dimensional array of randomly spaced elements, with reference to the scattering of ultrasound by blood. Phys. Med. Biol. 33, 793-804.
    • (1988) Phys. Med. Biol. , vol.33 , pp. 793-804
    • Gough, W.1    Routh, H.F.2    Williams, R.P.3
  • 38
    • 0001550518 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound backscattering from blood: Hematocrit and erythrocyte aggregation dependence
    • M. Linzer, Ed.
    • HANSS, M., AND BOYNARD, M. (1979). Ultrasound backscattering from blood: Hematocrit and erythrocyte aggregation dependence. In: Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization II. M. Linzer, Ed., pp. 165-169.
    • (1979) Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization II , pp. 165-169
    • Hanss, M.1    Boynard, M.2
  • 41
    • 0028926987 scopus 로고
    • The subtleties of ultrasound images of an ensemble of cells: Simulation from regular and more random distributions of scatterers
    • HUNT, J.W., WORTHINGTON, A.E., AND KERR, A.T. (1995). The subtleties of ultrasound images of an ensemble of cells: Simulation from regular and more random distributions of scatterers. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 21, 329-341.
    • (1995) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 329-341
    • Hunt, J.W.1    Worthington, A.E.2    Kerr, A.T.3
  • 42
    • 0028231869 scopus 로고
    • Significance of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in rheumatic mitral valve disease as a predictor of systemic arterial embolization: A transesophageal echocardiographic study
    • HWANG, J.J., KUAN, P., CHEN, J.J., KO, Y.L., CHENG, J.J., LIN, J.L., TSENG, Y.Z., AND LIEN, W.P. (1994). Significance of left atrial spontaneous echo contrast in rheumatic mitral valve disease as a predictor of systemic arterial embolization: A transesophageal echocardiographic study. Am. Heart J. 127, 880-885.
    • (1994) Am. Heart J. , vol.127 , pp. 880-885
    • Hwang, J.J.1    Kuan, P.2    Chen, J.J.3    Ko, Y.L.4    Cheng, J.J.5    Lin, J.L.6    Tseng, Y.Z.7    Lien, W.P.8
  • 43
    • 0028926080 scopus 로고
    • Effect of aspirin on spontaneous contrast in the brachial veins of normal subjects
    • KEARNEY, K., AND MAHONY, C. (1995). Effect of aspirin on spontaneous contrast in the brachial veins of normal subjects. Am. J. Cardiol. 75, 924-928.
    • (1995) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.75 , pp. 924-928
    • Kearney, K.1    Mahony, C.2
  • 44
    • 0024396504 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic evaluation of erythrocyte aggregation dynamics
    • KIM, S.Y., MILLER, I.F., SIGEL, B., CONSIGNY, P.M., AND JUSTIN, J. (1989). Ultrasonic evaluation of erythrocyte aggregation dynamics. Biorheology 26, 723-736.
    • (1989) Biorheology , vol.26 , pp. 723-736
    • Kim, S.Y.1    Miller, I.F.2    Sigel, B.3    Consigny, P.M.4    Justin, J.5
  • 45
  • 46
    • 0030799562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and clinical significance of red cell aggregation in the human subcutaneous vein using a high-frequency transducer (10 MHz): A preliminary report
    • KITAMURA, H., AND KAWASAKI, S. (1997). Detection and clinical significance of red cell aggregation in the human subcutaneous vein using a high-frequency transducer (10 MHz): A preliminary report. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 23, 933-938.
    • (1997) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 933-938
    • Kitamura, H.1    Kawasaki, S.2
  • 47
    • 0028296413 scopus 로고
    • High frequency ultrasonic backscatter from erythrocyte suspension
    • KUO, I.Y., AND SHUNG, K.K. (1994). High frequency ultrasonic backscatter from erythrocyte suspension. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 41, 29-34.
    • (1994) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.41 , pp. 29-34
    • Kuo, I.Y.1    Shung, K.K.2
  • 48
    • 0030470824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle and voxel approaches for simulating ultrasound backscattering from tissue
    • LIM, B., BASCOM, P.A.J., AND COBBOLD, R.S.C. (1996). Particle and voxel approaches for simulating ultrasound backscattering from tissue. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 22, 1237-1247.
    • (1996) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 1237-1247
    • Lim, B.1    Bascom, P.A.J.2    Cobbold, R.S.C.3
  • 49
    • 0023406830 scopus 로고
    • Inversion of ultrasonic scattering data for red blood cell suspensions under different flow conditions
    • LUCAS, R.J., AND TWERSKY, V. (1987). Inversion of ultrasonic scattering data for red blood cell suspensions under different flow conditions. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82, 794-799.
    • (1987) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.82 , pp. 794-799
    • Lucas, R.J.1    Twersky, V.2
  • 52
    • 0023256817 scopus 로고
    • Protamine-induced platelet aggregation and clotting investigated by ultrasound
    • MACHI, J., SIGEL, B., AND FEINBERG, H. (1987). Protamine-induced platelet aggregation and clotting investigated by ultrasound. Haemostasis 17, 226-234.
    • (1987) Haemostasis , vol.17 , pp. 226-234
    • Machi, J.1    Sigel, B.2    Feinberg, H.3
  • 53
    • 0023621621 scopus 로고
    • The ultrasonic detection of platelet aggregates
    • MAHONY, C. (1987). The ultrasonic detection of platelet aggregates. Thromb. Res. 47, 665-672.
    • (1987) Thromb. Res. , vol.47 , pp. 665-672
    • Mahony, C.1
  • 54
    • 0024582149 scopus 로고
    • Resolution of spontaneous contrast with platelet disaggregatory therapy (Trifluoperazine)
    • MAHONY, C., SUBLETT, K.L., AND HARRISON, M.R. (1989). Resolution of spontaneous contrast with platelet disaggregatory therapy (Trifluoperazine). Am. J. Cardiol. 63, 1009-1010.
    • (1989) Am. J. Cardiol. , vol.63 , pp. 1009-1010
    • Mahony, C.1    Sublett, K.L.2    Harrison, M.R.3
  • 56
    • 0029379750 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonographic findings that predict carotid restenosis after endoarterectomy
    • MAIURI, F., GALLICCHIO, B., IACONETTA, G., BERNARDO, A., AND SERRA, L.L. (1995). Ultrasonographic findings that predict carotid restenosis after endoarterectomy. Eur. J. Ultrasound 2, 261-267.
    • (1995) Eur. J. Ultrasound , vol.2 , pp. 261-267
    • Maiuri, F.1    Gallicchio, B.2    Iaconetta, G.3    Bernardo, A.4    Serra, L.L.5
  • 57
    • 0022558013 scopus 로고
    • A stochastic model of the backscattered Doppler ultrasound from blood
    • MO, L.Y.L., AND COBBOLD, R.S.C. (1986). A stochastic model of the backscattered Doppler ultrasound from blood. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 33, 20-27.
    • (1986) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.33 , pp. 20-27
    • Mo, L.Y.L.1    Cobbold, R.S.C.2
  • 59
    • 0026870052 scopus 로고
    • A unified approach to modeling the backscattered Doppler ultrasound from blood
    • MO, L.Y.L., AND COBBOLD, R.S.C. (1992). A unified approach to modeling the backscattered Doppler ultrasound from blood. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 39, 450-461.
    • (1992) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.39 , pp. 450-461
    • Mo, L.Y.L.1    Cobbold, R.S.C.2
  • 61
    • 0021739776 scopus 로고
    • Intracavitary echoes in the aortic arch in type III aortic dissection
    • PANIDIS, I.P., KOTLER, M.N., MINTZ, G.S., AND ROSS, J. (1984). Intracavitary echoes in the aortic arch in type III aortic dissection. Am. J. Cardiol 54, 1159-1160.
    • (1984) Am. J. Cardiol , vol.54 , pp. 1159-1160
    • Panidis, I.P.1    Kotler, M.N.2    Mintz, G.S.3    Ross, J.4
  • 62
    • 0032006366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of the "black hole" phenomenon in ultrasound backscattering measurements with red blood cell aggregation
    • QIN, Z., DURAND, L.G., AND CLOUTIER, G. (1998a). Kinetics of the "black hole" phenomenon in ultrasound backscattering measurements with red blood cell aggregation. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 24, 245-256.
    • (1998) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 245-256
    • Qin, Z.1    Durand, L.G.2    Cloutier, G.3
  • 63
    • 0032076056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a sudden flow reduction on red blood cell rouleau formation and orientation using RF backscattered power
    • in press
    • QIN, Z., DURAND, L.G., ALLARD, L., AND CLOUTIER, G. (1998b). Effects of a sudden flow reduction on red blood cell rouleau formation and orientation using RF backscattered power. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 24, (in press).
    • (1998) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.24
    • Qin, Z.1    Durand, L.G.2    Allard, L.3    Cloutier, G.4
  • 64
    • 0001029472 scopus 로고
    • Vibrations of solid bodies
    • Dover Publications, New York
    • RAYLEIGH J.W.S. (1945). Vibrations of solid bodies. In: Theory of sound. 2, Dover Publications, New York, pp. 414-431.
    • (1945) Theory of Sound , vol.2 , pp. 414-431
    • Rayleigh, J.W.S.1
  • 65
    • 0028876424 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of erythrocyte aggregation by blood echogenicity: A preliminary study
    • RAZAVIAN, S.M., LEVENSON, J., PERONNEAU, P., AND SIMON, A. (1995). Quantification of erythrocyte aggregation by blood echogenicity: a preliminary study. J. Cardiovasc. Surg. 36, 375-377.
    • (1995) J. Cardiovasc. Surg. , vol.36 , pp. 375-377
    • Razavian, S.M.1    Levenson, J.2    Peronneau, P.3    Simon, A.4
  • 66
    • 0023450164 scopus 로고
    • One-dimensional computer simulation of a wave incident on randomly distributed inhomogeneities with reference to the scattering of ultrasound by blood
    • ROUTH, H.F., GOUGH, W., AND WILLIAMS, R.P. (1987). One-dimensional computer simulation of a wave incident on randomly distributed inhomogeneities with reference to the scattering of ultrasound by blood. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 25, 667-671.
    • (1987) Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. , vol.25 , pp. 667-671
    • Routh, H.F.1    Gough, W.2    Williams, R.P.3
  • 67
    • 0024638414 scopus 로고
    • Weak reflection of ultrasound by elements arranged in the steps of a one-dimensional random walk, with reference to backscatter by blood
    • ROUTH, H.F., WILLIAMS, R.P., AND GOUGH, W. (1989). Weak reflection of ultrasound by elements arranged in the steps of a one-dimensional random walk, with reference to backscatter by blood. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 27, 198-203.
    • (1989) Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. , vol.27 , pp. 198-203
    • Routh, H.F.1    Williams, R.P.2    Gough, W.3
  • 68
  • 69
    • 0031195186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of red blood cell aggregate formation using an analytical model of the ultrasonic backscattering coefficient
    • SENNAOUI, A., BOYNARD, M., AND PAUTOU, C. (1997). Characterization of red blood cell aggregate formation using an analytical model of the ultrasonic backscattering coefficient. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 44, 585-591.
    • (1997) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.44 , pp. 585-591
    • Sennaoui, A.1    Boynard, M.2    Pautou, C.3
  • 70
    • 0028346767 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation effects in whole blood: Influence of time and shear rate measured using ultrasound
    • SHEHADA, R.E.N., COBBOLD, R.S.C., AND MO, L.Y.L. (1994). Aggregation effects in whole blood: Influence of time and shear rate measured using ultrasound. Biorheology 31, 115-135.
    • (1994) Biorheology , vol.31 , pp. 115-135
    • Shehada, R.E.N.1    Cobbold, R.S.C.2    Mo, L.Y.L.3
  • 71
    • 0030022534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of intracavitary spontaneous echo contrast in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
    • SHEN, W.F., TRIBOUILLOY, C., RIDA, Z., PELTIER, M., CHOQUET, D., REY, J.L., AND LESBRE, J.P. (1996). Clinical significance of intracavitary spontaneous echo contrast in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiology 87, 141-146.
    • (1996) Cardiology , vol.87 , pp. 141-146
    • Shen, W.F.1    Tribouilloy, C.2    Rida, Z.3    Peltier, M.4    Choquet, D.5    Rey, J.L.6    Lesbre, J.P.7
  • 73
    • 0017621384 scopus 로고
    • Angular dependence of scattering of ultrasound from blood
    • SHUNG, K.K., SIGELMANN, R.A., AND REID, J.M. (1977). Angular dependence of scattering of ultrasound from blood. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 24, 325-331.
    • (1977) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.24 , pp. 325-331
    • Shung, K.K.1    Sigelmann, R.A.2    Reid, J.M.3
  • 74
    • 0018688883 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic instrumentation for hematology
    • SHUNG, K.K., AND REID, J.M. (1979). Ultrasonic instrumentation for hematology. Ultrasonic Imaging 1, 280-294.
    • (1979) Ultrasonic Imaging , vol.1 , pp. 280-294
    • Shung, K.K.1    Reid, J.M.2
  • 75
    • 0020330149 scopus 로고
    • On the ultrasound scattering from blood as a function of hematocrit
    • SHUNG, K.K. (1982). On the ultrasound scattering from blood as a function of hematocrit. IEEE Trans. Sonics. Ultra 29, 327-331.
    • (1982) IEEE Trans. Sonics. Ultra , vol.29 , pp. 327-331
    • Shung, K.K.1
  • 76
    • 0021419743 scopus 로고
    • Effect of flow disturbance on ultrasonic backscatter from blood
    • SHUNG, K.K., YUAN, Y.W., FEI, D.Y., AND TARBELL, J.M. (1984). Effect of flow disturbance on ultrasonic backscatter from blood. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 75, 1265-1272.
    • (1984) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.75 , pp. 1265-1272
    • Shung, K.K.1    Yuan, Y.W.2    Fei, D.Y.3    Tarbell, J.M.4
  • 78
    • 0026870058 scopus 로고
    • The effects of hematocrit, shear rate, and turbulence on ultrasonic Doppler spectrum from blood
    • SHUNG, K.K., CLOUTIER, G., AND LIM, G.C. (1992). The effects of hematocrit, shear rate, and turbulence on ultrasonic Doppler spectrum from blood. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 39, 462-469.
    • (1992) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. , vol.39 , pp. 462-469
    • Shung, K.K.1    Cloutier, G.2    Lim, G.C.3
  • 79
    • 0005607857 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic scattering properties of blood
    • J. Roelandt, E.J. Gussenhoven and N. Bom, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrechet, Holland
    • SHUNG, K.K., KUO, I.Y., AND CLOUTIER G. (1993). Ultrasonic scattering properties of blood. In: Intravascular Ultrasound. J. Roelandt, E.J. Gussenhoven and N. Bom, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrechet, Holland, pp. 119-139.
    • (1993) Intravascular Ultrasound , pp. 119-139
    • Shung, K.K.1    Kuo, I.Y.2    Cloutier, G.3
  • 81
    • 0028072946 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of ultrasonic scattering in blood via a continuum approach
    • SHUNG, K.K., AND KUO, I.Y. (1994). Analysis of ultrasonic scattering in blood via a continuum approach. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 20, 623-627.
    • (1994) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 623-627
    • Shung, K.K.1    Kuo, I.Y.2
  • 83
    • 0020509838 scopus 로고
    • Red cell aggregation as a cause of blood-flow echogenicity
    • SIGEL, B., MACHI, J., BEITLER, J.C., AND JUSTIN, J.R. (1983). Red cell aggregation as a cause of blood-flow echogenicity. Radiology 148, 799-802.
    • (1983) Radiology , vol.148 , pp. 799-802
    • Sigel, B.1    Machi, J.2    Beitler, J.C.3    Justin, J.R.4
  • 85
    • 0023101974 scopus 로고
    • Hemorheology: Importance of erythrocyte aggregation
    • STOLTZ, J.F., AND DONNER, M. (1987). Hemorheology: Importance of erythrocyte aggregation. Clin. Hemorheol. 7, 15-23.
    • (1987) Clin. Hemorheol. , vol.7 , pp. 15-23
    • Stoltz, J.F.1    Donner, M.2
  • 86
    • 7144253181 scopus 로고
    • Red blood cell aggregation: Measurements and clinical applications
    • STOLTZ, J.F., AND DONNER, M. (1991). Red blood cell aggregation: Measurements and clinical applications. Tr. J. of Medical Sciences 15, 26-39.
    • (1991) Tr. J. of Medical Sciences , vol.15 , pp. 26-39
    • Stoltz, J.F.1    Donner, M.2
  • 88
    • 0001002733 scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency scattering by correlated distributions of randomly oriented particles
    • TWERSKY, V. (1987). Low-frequency scattering by correlated distributions of randomly oriented particles. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 1609-1618.
    • (1987) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.81 , pp. 1609-1618
    • Twersky, V.1
  • 89
    • 84967840986 scopus 로고
    • Low-frequency scattering by mixtures of correlated nonspherical particles
    • TWERSKY, V. (1988). Low-frequency scattering by mixtures of correlated nonspherical particles. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 409-415.
    • (1988) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.84 , pp. 409-415
    • Twersky, V.1
  • 90
    • 0029117436 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound backscatter at 30 MHz from human blood: Influence of rouleau size affected by blood modification and shear rate
    • VAN DER HEIDEN, M.S., DE KROON, M.G.M., BOM, N., AND BORST, C. (1995). Ultrasound backscatter at 30 MHz from human blood: influence of rouleau size affected by blood modification and shear rate. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 21, 817-826.
    • (1995) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 817-826
    • Van Der Heiden, M.S.1    De Kroon, M.G.M.2    Bom, N.3    Borst, C.4
  • 91
    • 0026668097 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between intracardiovascular smoke-like echo and erythrocyte rouleaux formation
    • WANG, X.F., LIU, L., CHENG, T.O., LI, Z.A., DENG, Y.B., AND WANG, J.E. (1992). The relationship between intracardiovascular smoke-like echo and erythrocyte rouleaux formation. Am. Heart J. 124, 961-965.
    • (1992) Am. Heart J. , vol.124 , pp. 961-965
    • Wang, X.F.1    Liu, L.2    Cheng, T.O.3    Li, Z.A.4    Deng, Y.B.5    Wang, J.E.6
  • 92
    • 0029953395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison and simulation of different levels of erythrocyte aggregation with pig, horse, sheep, calf, and normal human blood
    • WENG, X., CLOUTIER, G., PIBAROT, P., AND DURAND, L.G. (1996). Comparison and simulation of different levels of erythrocyte aggregation with pig, horse, sheep, calf, and normal human blood. Biorheology 33, 365-377.
    • (1996) Biorheology , vol.33 , pp. 365-377
    • Weng, X.1    Cloutier, G.2    Pibarot, P.3    Durand, L.G.4
  • 93
    • 0029739653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic variation of Doppler power from whole blood under pulsatile flow
    • WU, S.J., AND SHUNG, K.K. (1996). Cyclic variation of Doppler power from whole blood under pulsatile flow. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 22, 883-894.
    • (1996) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 883-894
    • Wu, S.J.1    Shung, K.K.2
  • 94
    • 0026888686 scopus 로고
    • Intravascular ultrasound imaging of blood: The effect of hematocrit and flow on backscatter
    • YAMADA, E.G., FITZGERALD, P.J., SUDHIR, K., HARGRAVE, V.K., AND YOCK, P.G. (1992). Intravascular ultrasound imaging of blood: The effect of hematocrit and flow on backscatter. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 5, 385-392.
    • (1992) J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. , vol.5 , pp. 385-392
    • Yamada, E.G.1    Fitzgerald, P.J.2    Sudhir, K.3    Hargrave, V.K.4    Yock, P.G.5
  • 95
    • 0023822405 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic backscatter from flowing whole blood: I. Dependence on shear rate and hematocrit
    • YUAN, Y.W., AND SHUNG, K.K. (1988a). Ultrasonic backscatter from flowing whole blood: I. Dependence on shear rate and hematocrit. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 52-58.
    • (1988) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.84 , pp. 52-58
    • Yuan, Y.W.1    Shung, K.K.2
  • 96
    • 0023780814 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic backscatter from flowing whole blood: II. Dependence on frequency and fibrinogen concentration
    • YUAN, Y.W., AND SHUNG, K.K. (1988b). Ultrasonic backscatter from flowing whole blood: II. Dependence on frequency and fibrinogen concentration. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 84, 1195-1200.
    • (1988) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.84 , pp. 1195-1200
    • Yuan, Y.W.1    Shung, K.K.2
  • 97
  • 98
    • 0028559734 scopus 로고
    • A computer model for simulating ultrasonic scattering in biological tissues with high scatterer concentration
    • ZHANG, J., ROSE, J.L., AND SHUNG, K.K. (1994). A computer model for simulating ultrasonic scattering in biological tissues with high scatterer concentration. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 20, 903-913.
    • (1994) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 903-913
    • Zhang, J.1    Rose, J.L.2    Shung, K.K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.