Development of the specific purpose Monte Carlo code CEARXRF for the design and use of in vivo x-ray fluorescence analysis systems for lead in bone

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

Volumn 48, Issue 10-12, 1997, Pages 1403-1412

  Ao, Q ^a   Lee, S H ^a   Gardner, R P ^a  

^a North Carolina State University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BONE; COMPUTER SIMULATION; COMPUTER SOFTWARE; DIAGNOSTIC RADIOGRAPHY; DOPPLER EFFECT; FLUORESCENCE; HAZARDOUS MATERIALS; LEAD; LIGHT SCATTERING; MONTE CARLO METHODS; PHOTONS; TRACE ANALYSIS;

COMPTON SCATTERING; MINIMUM DETECTABLE CONCENTRATION (MDC); SOFTWARE PACKAGE CEARXRF; X RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS SYSTEMS;

X RAY RADIOGRAPHY;

BONE LEVEL; CONFERENCE PAPER; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; LEAD POISONING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SYSTEM ANALYSIS; X RAY FLUORESCENCE;

BONE AND BONES; CADMIUM RADIOISOTOPES; HUMANS; LEAD; MONTE CARLO METHOD; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPECTROMETRY, X-RAY EMISSION;

EID: 0031252021     PISSN: 09698043     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0969-8043(97)00136-X     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (33)

1. Ahlgren L. and Mattsson S. (1979) An X-ray fluorescence technique for in vivo determination of lead concentration in a bone matrix. Phys. Med. Biol. 24, 136-145.
2. Ao, Q., Lee, S. H. and Gardner, R. P. (1995) Accuracy evaluation of K and L XRF lead in bone (tibia) measurement by simulation with the specific purpose Monte Carlo code NCSXRF. Nuclear Sciences Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, San Francisco, Calif., 1995 IEEE Conference Record, pp. 823-827.
3. Ao, Q., Lee, S. H. and Gardner, R. P. (1996) Optimization of in vivo X-ray fluorescence analysis methods for bone lead by simulation with Monte Carlo code CEARXRF. 3rd Topical Meeting on Industrial Radiation and Radioisotope Measurements and Applications, Raleigh, North Carolina.
4. Biggs F., Mendelsohn L. B. and Mann J. B. (1975) Hartree-Fock Compton profiles for the elements. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 16, 201-310.
5. Briesmeister, J. F. (1993) MCNP - A general Monte Carlo code for neutron and photon transport, Version 4A. LANL report LA-12625-M.
6. 109Cd. Environ. Health Perspect. 91, 49-55.
7. Gardner R. P., Mickael M. and Verghese K. (1989) Complete composition and density correlated sampling in the specific purpose Monte Carlo codes McPNL and McDNL for simulating pulsed neutron and neutron porosity logging tools. Nucl. Geophys. 3, 157-165.
8. Halbleib J. A. and Mehlhorn T. A. (1986) ITS: The integrated TIGER series of coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo transport codes. Nucl. Sci. Eng. 92, 338-339.
9. He T., Gardner R. P. and Verghese K. (1990) An improved Si(Li) detector response function. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A299, 354-366.
10. He T., Gardner R. P. and Verghese K. (1991) NCSXRF: A general geometry Monte Carlo simulation for EDXRF analysis. Adv. X-rav Anal. 35B, 727-736.
11. He T., Gardner R. P. and Verghese K. (1993) The Monte Carlo-Library Least-Squares approach for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 44, 1381-1388.
12. Lewis D. G. (1994) Optimization of a polarized source for in vivo X-ray fluorescence analysis of platinum and other heavy metals. Phys. Med. Biol. 34, 197-206.
13. Lewis D. G., Kilic A. and Ogg C. A. (1995) Adaptation of the EGS4 Monte Carlo code for the design of a polarized source for X-ray fluorescence analysis of platinum and other heavy metals in vivo. Adv. X-ray Anal. 38, 579-585.
14. Namito Y., Ban S. and Hirayama H. (1993) Implementation of linearly-polarized photon scattering into the EGS4 code. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A332, 277-283.
15. Namito Y., Ban S. and Hirayama H. (1994) Implementation of the Doppler broadening of a Compton-scattered photon into the EGS4 code. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A349, 489-494.
16. Namito Y., Ban S. and Hirayama H. (1995) Compton scattering of 20-40 keV photons. Phys. Rev. A51, 3036-3043.
17. Nelson, W. R., Hirayama, H. and Rogers, D. W. O. (1985) The EGS4 code system. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center report SLAC-265.
18. Niemela, A. and Grodzins, L. (1995) Design of an XRF system for in vivo measurement of lead in bone. Nuclear Sciences Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, 1995, IEEE Conference Record, pp. 65-69.
19. Pella P. A., Feng L. and Small J. A. (1985) An analytical algorithm for calculation of spectral distributions of X-ray tubes for quantitative X-ray fluorescence analysis. X-Ray Spectrom. 14, 125-135.
20. Prettyman T. H., Gardner R. P. and Verghese K. (1990) MCPT: A Monte Carlo code for simulation of photon transport in tomographic scanners. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 217, 465-471.
21. Ribberfors R. (1983) X-ray incoherent scattering total cross-sections and energy-absorption cross-sections by means of simple calculation routines. Phys. Rev. A27, 3061-3070.
22. incoh by means of a pocket calculator. Phys. Rev. A26, 3325-3333.
23. Somervaille L. J., Chettle D. R. and Scott M. C. (1985) In vivo measurement of lead in bone using X-ray fluorescence. Phys. Med. Biol. 30, 929-943.
24. Tartari A., Baraldi C., Feisteiner J. and Casnati E. (1991) Compton scattering profile for in vivo XRF techniques. Phys. Med. Biol. 36, 567-578.
25. Tartari A., Casnati E., Fernandez J. E., Felsteiner J. and Baraldi C. (1994) Photon backscattering tissue characterization by energy dispersive spectroscopy evaluations. Phys. Med. Biol. 39, 219-230.
26. Todd, A. C. (1989) The in vivo measurement of lead and platinum in kidney. PhD thesis, University of Birmingham.
27. 109Cd 'spot' source. In Human Body Composition - In Vivo Methods, Models, and Assessment. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 299-302.
28. Todd A. C., McNeill F. E. and Fowler B. A. (1992) In vivo X-ray fluorescence of lead in bone. Environ. Res. 59, 326-335.
29. Wallace J. D. (1994) The Monte Carlo modelling of in vivo X-ray fluorescence measurement of lead in tissue. Phys. Med. Biol. 39, 1745-1756.
30. Wallace J. D. and Thomas B. J. (1993) Bone lead measurement using X-ray fluorescence. J. Aust. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 16, 118-124.
31. Wielopolski L., Rosen J. F., Slatkin D. N., Vartsky D., Ellis K. J. and Cohn S. H. (1983) Feasibility of non invasive analysis of lead in human tibia by soft X-ray fluorescence. Med. Phys. 10, 248-251.
32. Wielopolski L., Rosen J. F., Slatkin D. N., Zhang R., Kalef-Ezra J. A., Rothman J. C., Maryanski M. and Jenks S. K. (1989) In vivo measurement of cortical bone lead using polarized X-rays. Med. Phys. 16, 521-528.
33. Williams, B. G. (1977) Compton Scattering. McGraw-Hill, London.