Degradation of polymer-based light-emitting diodes during operation

Synthetic Metals

Volumn 90, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 73-76

  Ettedgui, E ^a   Davis, G T ^a   Hu, B ^b   Karasz, F E ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

Atomic force microscopy; Electrodes; Light emitting diodes; Poly(phenylene vinylene) and derivatives; Scanning electron microscopy

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; BLOCK COPOLYMERS; DERIVATIVES; ELECTRODES; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); MORPHOLOGY; PLASTIC FILMS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; VINYL RESINS;

CHROMOPHORES; POLYPHENYLENE VINYLENE;

LIGHT EMITTING DIODES;

EID: 0031247608     PISSN: 03796779     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779(97)81229-5     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. I. Sokilik, Z. Yang, F.E. Karasz and D.C. Morton, J. Appl. Phys., 74 (1993) 3584; B. Hu, Z. Yang and F.E. Karasz, J. Appl. Phys., 76 (1994) 2419; Z. Yang, B. Hu, I. Sokolik and F.E. Karasz, Macromolecules, submitted for publication, and Refs. therein.
2. I. Sokilik, Z. Yang, F.E. Karasz and D.C. Morton, J. Appl. Phys., 74 (1993) 3584; B. Hu, Z. Yang and F.E. Karasz, J. Appl. Phys., 76 (1994) 2419; Z. Yang, B. Hu, I. Sokolik and F.E. Karasz, Macromolecules, submitted for publication, and Refs. therein.
3. I. Sokilik, Z. Yang, F.E. Karasz and D.C. Morton, J. Appl. Phys., 74 (1993) 3584; B. Hu, Z. Yang and F.E. Karasz, J. Appl. Phys., 76 (1994) 2419; Z. Yang, B. Hu, I. Sokolik and F.E. Karasz, Macromolecules, submitted for publication, and Refs. therein.
4. J.H. Burroughes, D.D.C. Bradley, A.R. Brown, R.N. Marks, K. Mackay, R.H. Friend, P.L. Burn and A.B. Holmes, Nature, 347 (1990) 539.
5. P.L. Burn, A.B. Holmes, A. Kraft, D.D.C. Bradley, A.R. Brown, R.H. Friend and R.W. Gymer, Nature, 356 (1992) 47.
6. Y. Ohmori, M. Uchida, K. Muro and K. Yoshino, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 30 (1991) L1938.
7. D. Braun and A.J. Heeger, Appl. Phys. Lett., 58 (1991) 1982.
8. D. Braun, A.J. Heeger and H. Kroemer, J. Electron. Mater., 20 (1991) 945.
9. G. Gustafsson, Y. Cao, G.M. Treacy, F. Klavetter, N. Colaneri and A.J. Heeger, Nature, 357 (1992) 447.
10. A.R. Brown, J.H. Burroughes, N. Greenham, R.H. Friend, D.D.C. Bradley, P.L. Burn, A. Kraft and A.B. Holmes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 61 (1992) 2793; D.R. Gaigen, N.C. Greenham, J. Grüner, R.N. Marks, R.H. Friend, S.C. Moratti and A.B. Holmes, Synth. Met., 67 (1994) 3.
11. A.R. Brown, J.H. Burroughes, N. Greenham, R.H. Friend, D.D.C. Bradley, P.L. Burn, A. Kraft and A.B. Holmes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 61 (1992) 2793; D.R. Gaigen, N.C. Greenham, J. Grüner, R.N. Marks, R.H. Friend, S.C. Moratti and A.B. Holmes, Synth. Met., 67 (1994) 3.
12. F. Cacialli, R.H. Friend, S.C. Moratti and A.B. Holmes, Synth. Met., 67 (1994) 157.
13. I.D. Parker, J. Appl. Phys., 75 (1994) 1656.
14. E. Ettedgui, H. Razafitrimo, Y. Gao and B.R. Hsieh, Appl. Phys. Lett., 67 (1995) 2705.
15. P.S. Davids, A. Saxena and D.L. Smith, J. Appl. Phys., 78 (1995) 4244.
16. J.H. Kaufman, J.C. Scott, P.J. Brock, R.A. Dipietro, J.A. Goitia and J. Salem, 1995 March Meet. American Physical Society, San Jose, CA, USA, B'32 2.
17. L.M. Do, E.M. Han, Y. Niidome, M. Fujihira, T. Kanno, S. Yoshida, A. Maeda and A.J. Ikushima, J. Appl. Phys., 76 (1994) 5118; P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, L.S. Sapochak, D.M. McCarty and M.E. Thompson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 65 (1994) 2992.
18. L.M. Do, E.M. Han, Y. Niidome, M. Fujihira, T. Kanno, S. Yoshida, A. Maeda and A.J. Ikushima, J. Appl. Phys., 76 (1994) 5118; P.E. Burrows, V. Bulovic, S.R. Forrest, L.S. Sapochak, D.M. McCarty and M.E. Thompson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 65 (1994) 2992.
19. F. Papadimitrakopoulos, K. Konstadinidis, T. Miller, R. Opila, E.A. Chandross and M.E. Galvin, Chem. Mater., 6 (1994) 1563.
20. H. Kacsmarek, Polymer, 37 (1996) 189.