A Database for John Locke's Medical Notebooks and Medical Reading

Medical History

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 473-486

  Meynell, G G ^a  

^a Haven House   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; FACTUAL DATABASE; HISTORY; PHILOSOPHY; PUBLIC FIGURE; PUBLICATION;

BIBLIOGRAPHY; DATABASES, FACTUAL; FAMOUS PERSONS; HISTORY, 17TH CENTURY; PHILOSOPHY;

EID: 0031243941     PISSN: 00257273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0025727300063055     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. For Locke's decision not to enter on a medical career, see Locke to Herbert, 28 Nov./8 Dec. 1684. Letter 797 in The correspondence of John Locke, ed. E S de Beer, 8 vols, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1976-, vol. 2, pp. 661-6. Lady Masham to Jean Le Clerc, 12 January 1704. Amsterdam University Library, MS. J.57.a. Reprinted in full by R Colie, History of Ideas News Letter, 1955, 1: pt. 4, pp. 13-18; 2, pp. 9-11, 35-7, 818; and in part by H R F Bourne, The life of John Locke, 2 vols, London, Henry S King, 1876, vol. 1, p. 197.
2. For Locke's decision not to enter on a medical career, see Locke to Herbert, 28 Nov./8 Dec. 1684. Letter 797 in The correspondence of John Locke, ed. E S de Beer, 8 vols, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1976-, vol. 2, pp. 661-6. Lady Masham to Jean Le Clerc, 12 January 1704. Amsterdam University Library, MS. J.57.a. Reprinted in full by R Colie, History of Ideas News Letter, 1955, 1: pt. 4, pp. 13-18; 2, pp. 9-11, 35-7, 818; and in part by H R F Bourne, The life of John Locke, 2 vols, London, Henry S King, 1876, vol. 1, p. 197.
3. For Locke's decision not to enter on a medical career, see Locke to Herbert, 28 Nov./8 Dec. 1684. Letter 797 in The correspondence of John Locke, ed. E S de Beer, 8 vols, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1976-, vol. 2, pp. 661-6. Lady Masham to Jean Le Clerc, 12 January 1704. Amsterdam University Library, MS. J.57.a. Reprinted in full by R Colie, History of Ideas News Letter, 1955, 1: pt. 4, pp. 13-18; 2, pp. 9-11, 35-7, 818; and in part by H R F Bourne, The life of John Locke, 2 vols, London, Henry S King, 1876, vol. 1, p. 197.
4. For Locke's decision not to enter on a medical career, see Locke to Herbert, 28 Nov./8 Dec. 1684. Letter 797 in The correspondence of John Locke, ed. E S de Beer, 8 vols, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1976-, vol. 2, pp. 661-6. Lady Masham to Jean Le Clerc, 12 January 1704. Amsterdam University Library, MS. J.57.a. Reprinted in full by R Colie, History of Ideas News Letter, 1955, 1: pt. 4, pp. 13-18; 2, pp. 9-11, 35-7, 818; and in part by H R F Bourne, The life of John Locke, 2 vols, London, Henry S King, 1876, vol. 1, p. 197.
5. For Locke's medical interests at Oxford, see K Dewhurst, 'An Oxford medical student's notebook', Ox. med. Sch, Gaz., 1959, 11: 141-5; and idem, 'An Oxford medical quartet: Sydenham, Willis, Locke and Lower', in Oxford medicine: essays on the evolution of the Oxford Clinical School to commemorate the bicentenary of the Radcliffe Infirmary, 1770-1870, ed. K Dewhurst, Oxford, Sandford Publications, 1970. Further details are in Dewhurst's books: John Locke (1632-1704), physician and philosopher: a medical biography, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1963; Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689): his life and original writings, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1966; and Thomas Willis's Oxford lectures, Oxford, Sandford Publications, 1980.
6. For Locke's medical interests at Oxford, see K Dewhurst, 'An Oxford medical student's notebook', Ox. med. Sch, Gaz., 1959, 11: 141-5; and idem, 'An Oxford medical quartet: Sydenham, Willis, Locke and Lower', in Oxford medicine: essays on the evolution of the Oxford Clinical School to commemorate the bicentenary of the Radcliffe Infirmary, 1770-1870, ed. K Dewhurst, Oxford, Sandford Publications, 1970. Further details are in Dewhurst's books: John Locke (1632-1704), physician and philosopher: a medical biography, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1963; Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689): his life and original writings, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1966; and Thomas Willis's Oxford lectures, Oxford, Sandford Publications, 1980.
7. For Locke's medical interests at Oxford, see K Dewhurst, 'An Oxford medical student's notebook', Ox. med. Sch, Gaz., 1959, 11: 141-5; and idem, 'An Oxford medical quartet: Sydenham, Willis, Locke and Lower', in Oxford medicine: essays on the evolution of the Oxford Clinical School to commemorate the bicentenary of the Radcliffe Infirmary, 1770-1870, ed. K Dewhurst, Oxford, Sandford Publications, 1970. Further details are in Dewhurst's books: John Locke (1632-1704), physician and philosopher: a medical biography, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1963; Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689): his life and original writings, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1966; and Thomas Willis's Oxford lectures, Oxford, Sandford Publications, 1980.
8. For Locke's medical interests at Oxford, see K Dewhurst, 'An Oxford medical student's notebook', Ox. med. Sch, Gaz., 1959, 11: 141-5; and idem, 'An Oxford medical quartet: Sydenham, Willis, Locke and Lower', in Oxford medicine: essays on the evolution of the Oxford Clinical School to commemorate the bicentenary of the Radcliffe Infirmary, 1770-1870, ed. K Dewhurst, Oxford, Sandford Publications, 1970. Further details are in Dewhurst's books: John Locke (1632-1704), physician and philosopher: a medical biography, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1963; Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689): his life and original writings, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1966; and Thomas Willis's Oxford lectures, Oxford, Sandford Publications, 1980.
9. For Locke's medical interests at Oxford, see K Dewhurst, 'An Oxford medical student's notebook', Ox. med. Sch, Gaz., 1959, 11: 141-5; and idem, 'An Oxford medical quartet: Sydenham, Willis, Locke and Lower', in Oxford medicine: essays on the evolution of the Oxford Clinical School to commemorate the bicentenary of the Radcliffe Infirmary, 1770-1870, ed. K Dewhurst, Oxford, Sandford Publications, 1970. Further details are in Dewhurst's books: John Locke (1632-1704), physician and philosopher: a medical biography, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1963; Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689): his life and original writings, London, Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1966; and Thomas Willis's Oxford lectures, Oxford, Sandford Publications, 1980.
10. For the archival sources for Locke's BM, see Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above, p. 49n. General accounts of Locke at Oxford are in Bourne, op. cit., note 1 above, vol. 1, pp. 26-194; M Cranston, John Locke: a biography, London and New York, Longmans, Green & Co., 1957, pp. 29-104; P Laslett, John Locke. Two treatises of government. A critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus, Cambridge University Press, 1960; amended edition, 1964, pp. 58, 74, 130-45; P Abrams, John Locke. Two tracts on government. Edited with an introduction, notes and translation, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 247-9; J L Axtell, The educational writings of John Locke, Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 27-44; H Kearney, Scholars and gentlemen: universities and society in pre-industrial Britain, 1500-1700, London, Faber & Faber, 1970, pp. 146-8, 164-5; and J R Milton, 'Locke at Oxford', in G A J Rogers (ed.), Locke's philosophy: content and context, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1994.
11. For the archival sources for Locke's BM, see Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above, p. 49n. General accounts of Locke at Oxford are in Bourne, op. cit., note 1 above, vol. 1, pp. 26-194; M Cranston, John Locke: a biography, London and New York, Longmans, Green & Co., 1957, pp. 29-104; P Laslett, John Locke. Two treatises of government. A critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus, Cambridge University Press, 1960; amended edition, 1964, pp. 58, 74, 130-45; P Abrams, John Locke. Two tracts on government. Edited with an introduction, notes and translation, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 247-9; J L Axtell, The educational writings of John Locke, Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 27-44; H Kearney, Scholars and gentlemen: universities and society in pre-industrial Britain, 1500-1700, London, Faber & Faber, 1970, pp. 146-8, 164-5; and J R Milton, 'Locke at Oxford', in G A J Rogers (ed.), Locke's philosophy: content and context, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1994.
12. For the archival sources for Locke's BM, see Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above, p. 49n. General accounts of Locke at Oxford are in Bourne, op. cit., note 1 above, vol. 1, pp. 26-194; M Cranston, John Locke: a biography, London and New York, Longmans, Green & Co., 1957, pp. 29-104; P Laslett, John Locke. Two treatises of government. A critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus, Cambridge University Press, 1960; amended edition, 1964, pp. 58, 74, 130-45; P Abrams, John Locke. Two tracts on government. Edited with an introduction, notes and translation, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 247-9; J L Axtell, The educational writings of John Locke, Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 27-44; H Kearney, Scholars and gentlemen: universities and society in pre-industrial Britain, 1500-1700, London, Faber & Faber, 1970, pp. 146-8, 164-5; and J R Milton, 'Locke at Oxford', in G A J Rogers (ed.), Locke's philosophy: content and context, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1994.
13. For the archival sources for Locke's BM, see Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above, p. 49n. General accounts of Locke at Oxford are in Bourne, op. cit., note 1 above, vol. 1, pp. 26-194; M Cranston, John Locke: a biography, London and New York, Longmans, Green & Co., 1957, pp. 29-104; P Laslett, John Locke. Two treatises of government. A critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus, Cambridge University Press, 1960; amended edition, 1964, pp. 58, 74, 130-45; P Abrams, John Locke. Two tracts on government. Edited with an introduction, notes and translation, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 247-9; J L Axtell, The educational writings of John Locke, Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 27-44; H Kearney, Scholars and gentlemen: universities and society in pre-industrial Britain, 1500-1700, London, Faber & Faber, 1970, pp. 146-8, 164-5; and J R Milton, 'Locke at Oxford', in G A J Rogers (ed.), Locke's philosophy: content and context, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1994.
14. For the archival sources for Locke's BM, see Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above, p. 49n. General accounts of Locke at Oxford are in Bourne, op. cit., note 1 above, vol. 1, pp. 26-194; M Cranston, John Locke: a biography, London and New York, Longmans, Green & Co., 1957, pp. 29-104; P Laslett, John Locke. Two treatises of government. A critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus, Cambridge University Press, 1960; amended edition, 1964, pp. 58, 74, 130-45; P Abrams, John Locke. Two tracts on government. Edited with an introduction, notes and translation, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 247-9; J L Axtell, The educational writings of John Locke, Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 27-44; H Kearney, Scholars and gentlemen: universities and society in pre-industrial Britain, 1500-1700, London, Faber & Faber, 1970, pp. 146-8, 164-5; and J R Milton, 'Locke at Oxford', in G A J Rogers (ed.), Locke's philosophy: content and context, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1994.
15. For the archival sources for Locke's BM, see Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above, p. 49n. General accounts of Locke at Oxford are in Bourne, op. cit., note 1 above, vol. 1, pp. 26-194; M Cranston, John Locke: a biography, London and New York, Longmans, Green & Co., 1957, pp. 29-104; P Laslett, John Locke. Two treatises of government. A critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus, Cambridge University Press, 1960; amended edition, 1964, pp. 58, 74, 130-45; P Abrams, John Locke. Two tracts on government. Edited with an introduction, notes and translation, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 247-9; J L Axtell, The educational writings of John Locke, Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 27-44; H Kearney, Scholars and gentlemen: universities and society in pre-industrial Britain, 1500-1700, London, Faber & Faber, 1970, pp. 146-8, 164-5; and J R Milton, 'Locke at Oxford', in G A J Rogers (ed.), Locke's philosophy: content and context, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1994.
16. For the archival sources for Locke's BM, see Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above, p. 49n. General accounts of Locke at Oxford are in Bourne, op. cit., note 1 above, vol. 1, pp. 26-194; M Cranston, John Locke: a biography, London and New York, Longmans, Green & Co., 1957, pp. 29-104; P Laslett, John Locke. Two treatises of government. A critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus, Cambridge University Press, 1960; amended edition, 1964, pp. 58, 74, 130-45; P Abrams, John Locke. Two tracts on government. Edited with an introduction, notes and translation, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 247-9; J L Axtell, The educational writings of John Locke, Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 27-44; H Kearney, Scholars and gentlemen: universities and society in pre-industrial Britain, 1500-1700, London, Faber & Faber, 1970, pp. 146-8, 164-5; and J R Milton, 'Locke at Oxford', in G A J Rogers (ed.), Locke's philosophy: content and context, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1994.
17. For the archival sources for Locke's BM, see Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above, p. 49n. General accounts of Locke at Oxford are in Bourne, op. cit., note 1 above, vol. 1, pp. 26-194; M Cranston, John Locke: a biography, London and New York, Longmans, Green & Co., 1957, pp. 29-104; P Laslett, John Locke. Two treatises of government. A critical edition with an introduction and apparatus criticus, Cambridge University Press, 1960; amended edition, 1964, pp. 58, 74, 130-45; P Abrams, John Locke. Two tracts on government. Edited with an introduction, notes and translation, Cambridge University Press, 1967, pp. 247-9; J L Axtell, The educational writings of John Locke, Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 27-44; H Kearney, Scholars and gentlemen: universities and society in pre-industrial Britain, 1500-1700, London, Faber & Faber, 1970, pp. 146-8, 164-5; and J R Milton, 'Locke at Oxford', in G A J Rogers (ed.), Locke's philosophy: content and context, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1994.
18. Two famous patients were Lord Ashley, seen by Locke, Sydenham, Glisson and others in 1668, whose hydatid cyst was only diagnosed by Osler in 1900; and the Countess of Northumberland who suffered from trigeminal neuralgia in December 1677. A series of cases seen in September 1667 to May 1670 is in British Library Add. MS. 5,714 and has been published by Withington and by Dempster. Individuals seen between January 1677 and September 1679 include Mr Herbert, Mrs Sandys, Mr Robinson, and "C.B." [Caleb Banks]. All these are indexed by Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above; and by G G Meynell, Materials for a biography of Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689). A new survey of public and private archives, Folkestone, Winterdown Books, 1988; and idem, A bibliography of Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689), Folkestone, Winterdown Books, 1990, pp. 142-61 . Locke's medical notes often show innovations in method, such as the symbols he placed in the margins and the condensed notation for daily observations which he used for 14 cases of measles in February 1670 (MS. d.9, pp. 176-81. G G Meynell, 'John Locke's method of common- placing, as seen in his drafts and his medical notebooks, Bodleian MSS. Locke d.9, f.21 and f.23', The Seventeenth Century, 1993, 8: 245-67; Appendix I).
19. Two famous patients were Lord Ashley, seen by Locke, Sydenham, Glisson and others in 1668, whose hydatid cyst was only diagnosed by Osler in 1900; and the Countess of Northumberland who suffered from trigeminal neuralgia in December 1677. A series of cases seen in September 1667 to May 1670 is in British Library Add. MS. 5,714 and has been published by Withington and by Dempster. Individuals seen between January 1677 and September 1679 include Mr Herbert, Mrs Sandys, Mr Robinson, and "C.B." [Caleb Banks]. All these are indexed by Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above; and by G G Meynell, Materials for a biography of Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689). A new survey of public and private archives, Folkestone, Winterdown Books, 1988; and idem, A bibliography of Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689), Folkestone, Winterdown Books, 1990, pp. 142-61 . Locke's medical notes often show innovations in method, such as the symbols he placed in the margins and the condensed notation for daily observations which he used for 14 cases of measles in February 1670 (MS. d.9, pp. 176-81. G G Meynell, 'John Locke's method of common- placing, as seen in his drafts and his medical notebooks, Bodleian MSS. Locke d.9, f.21 and f.23', The Seventeenth Century, 1993, 8: 245-67; Appendix I).
20. Two famous patients were Lord Ashley, seen by Locke, Sydenham, Glisson and others in 1668, whose hydatid cyst was only diagnosed by Osler in 1900; and the Countess of Northumberland who suffered from trigeminal neuralgia in December 1677. A series of cases seen in September 1667 to May 1670 is in British Library Add. MS. 5,714 and has been published by Withington and by Dempster. Individuals seen between January 1677 and September 1679 include Mr Herbert, Mrs Sandys, Mr Robinson, and "C.B." [Caleb Banks]. All these are indexed by Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above; and by G G Meynell, Materials for a biography of Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689). A new survey of public and private archives, Folkestone, Winterdown Books, 1988; and idem, A bibliography of Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689), Folkestone, Winterdown Books, 1990, pp. 142-61 . Locke's medical notes often show innovations in method, such as the symbols he placed in the margins and the condensed notation for daily observations which he used for 14 cases of measles in February 1670 (MS. d.9, pp. 176-81. G G Meynell, 'John Locke's method of common- placing, as seen in his drafts and his medical notebooks, Bodleian MSS. Locke d.9, f.21 and f.23', The Seventeenth Century, 1993, 8: 245-67; Appendix I).
21. Two famous patients were Lord Ashley, seen by Locke, Sydenham, Glisson and others in 1668, whose hydatid cyst was only diagnosed by Osler in 1900; and the Countess of Northumberland who suffered from trigeminal neuralgia in December 1677. A series of cases seen in September 1667 to May 1670 is in British Library Add. MS. 5,714 and has been published by Withington and by Dempster. Individuals seen between January 1677 and September 1679 include Mr Herbert, Mrs Sandys, Mr Robinson, and "C.B." [Caleb Banks]. All these are indexed by Dewhurst (1963), op. cit., note 2 above; and by G G Meynell, Materials for a biography of Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689). A new survey of public and private archives, Folkestone, Winterdown Books, 1988; and idem, A bibliography of Dr. Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689), Folkestone, Winterdown Books, 1990, pp. 142-61 . Locke's medical notes often show innovations in method, such as the symbols he placed in the margins and the condensed notation for daily observations which he used for 14 cases of measles in February 1670 (MS. d.9, pp. 176-81. G G Meynell, 'John Locke's method of common-placing, as seen in his drafts and his medical notebooks, Bodleian MSS. Locke d.9, f.21 and f.23', The Seventeenth Century, 1993, 8: 245-67; Appendix I).
22. J Harrison and P Laslett, The library of John Locke, 1st ed., Oxford University Press for the Oxford Bibliographical Society, 1965; 2nd ed., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1971. Books which belonged to Locke are referred to here by their catalogue number (e.g. HL.3197); otherwise, the title and imprint are given.
23. J Harrison and P Laslett, The library of John Locke, 1st ed., Oxford University Press for the Oxford Bibliographical Society, 1965; 2nd ed., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1971. Books which belonged to Locke are referred to here by their catalogue number (e.g. HL.3197); otherwise, the title and imprint are given.
24. P Long, A summary catalogue of the Lovelace collection of the papers of John Locke in the Bodleian Library, Oxford University Press, 1959, and idem, 'The Mellon donation of additional manuscripts of John Locke from the Lovelace Collection', Bodleian Libr. Rec., 1962-67, 7: 185-93; Meynell (1988), op. cit., note 4 above, §9, pp. 31-40. The common-place books and diaries are here referred to collectively as "notebooks" and their shelf-marks are abbreviated, e.g. from "Bodleian MS. Locke d.9" to "MS. d.9."
25. P Long, A summary catalogue of the Lovelace collection of the papers of John Locke in the Bodleian Library, Oxford University Press, 1959, and idem, 'The Mellon donation of additional manuscripts of John Locke from the Lovelace Collection', Bodleian Libr. Rec., 1962-67, 7: 185-93; Meynell (1988), op. cit., note 4 above, §9, pp. 31-40. The common-place books and diaries are here referred to collectively as "notebooks" and their shelf-marks are abbreviated, e.g. from "Bodleian MS. Locke d.9" to "MS. d.9."
26. P Long, A summary catalogue of the Lovelace collection of the papers of John Locke in the Bodleian Library, Oxford University Press, 1959, and idem, 'The Mellon donation of additional manuscripts of John Locke from the Lovelace Collection', Bodleian Libr. Rec., 1962-67, 7: 185-93; Meynell (1988), op. cit., note 4 above, §9, pp. 31-40. The common-place books and diaries are here referred to collectively as "notebooks" and their shelf-marks are abbreviated, e.g. from "Bodleian MS. Locke d.9" to "MS. d.9."
27. G Meynell, 'Locke's collaboration with Sydenham: the significance of Locke's indexes', The Locke Newsletter, 1996, no. 27, pp. 65-74.
28. The catalogue has 3,641 titles of which an unspecified 401 (11.1%) were classed as "medical" (Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, p. 18. The 2nd ed. includes an index with a more detailed classification of the books with separate entries for, e.g., anatomy, modern medicine and physiology).
29. A copy of the database is available for general use in the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine and may be copied, but it needs to be used with discretion as a preliminary draft of data that are often incomplete. Originally, the database was used as a convenient finding aid and notepad, and it still shows its origins. In general, the difficulties arise partly because Locke's notes often lack an essential detail and partly because he often used different editions of the same title, which may simply be pirated reprints. It is best used for tracing an author or the contents of a particular notebook. Other details can be retrieved like dates of successive editions but they are always part of a single record and do not have separate fields. The records also show whether the text of a book is copied or if it is mentioned by title only; if it has an index; and if it was bought, bound or lent. Any or all of these can be selected. The database is almost certainly far from complete but it should provide a convenient point of departure in examining the notebooks. An accompanying file, DETAIL.ASC, describes the fields and other conventions in detail. Other files include the database as originally created by LotusWorks ver.1. This uses the same file structure as other databases such as dBASE III Plus in which it can be used immediately. An exported delimited ASCII file is also present which can be imported into other databases as necessary (and which, incidentally, can also be read by most wordprocessors).
30. Meynell (1993), op. cit., note 4 above.
31. G Meynell, 'The function of longhand in Locke's shorthand', Bodleian Libr. Rec., 1991-94, 14: 340-2. Both the longhand and shorthand versions of the same passage are shown in Figure 2 of G G Meynell, Thomas Sydenham's Observationes medicae (London, 1676) and his Medical observations (Manuscript 572 of the Royal College of Physicians of London). With new transcripts of related Locke MSS. in the Bodleian Library, Folkestone, Winterdown Books, 1991.
32. G Meynell, 'The function of longhand in Locke's shorthand', Bodleian Libr. Rec., 1991-94, 14: 340-2. Both the longhand and shorthand versions of the same passage are shown in Figure 2 of G G Meynell, Thomas Sydenham's Observationes medicae (London, 1676) and his Medical observations (Manuscript 572 of the Royal College of Physicians of London). With new transcripts of related Locke MSS. in the Bodleian Library, Folkestone, Winterdown Books, 1991.
33. For entries due to Boyle, see G G Meynell, 'Locke, Boyle and Peter Stahl', Notes Rec. R. Soc. London, 1995, 49: 185-92, note 2. Those due to Sydenham are signed "Æ". The others include Richard Lower, the physiologist; David Thomas, physician and a friend of long standing; J Schard, a German chemist Locke met in 1665 and with whom he corresponded; and Matthew Slade, a Dutch physician who wrote a poem in praise of Sydenham (K Dewhurst, 'Some verses in honour of Dr. Thomas Sydenham', Janus, 1962, 50: 193-7).
34. For entries due to Boyle, see G G Meynell, 'Locke, Boyle and Peter Stahl', Notes Rec. R. Soc. London, 1995, 49: 185-92, note 2. Those due to Sydenham are signed "Æ". The others include Richard Lower, the physiologist; David Thomas, physician and a friend of long standing; J Schard, a German chemist Locke met in 1665 and with whom he corresponded; and Matthew Slade, a Dutch physician who wrote a poem in praise of Sydenham (K Dewhurst, 'Some verses in honour of Dr. Thomas Sydenham', Janus, 1962, 50: 193-7).
35. K Dewhurst, 'Some 17th-century veterinary notes from the journals of John Locke (1632-1704)' Vet. Rec., 1962, 74: 996-9.
36. Many similar judgements occur in Brit. Lib. Add. MS. 32,554 and in MS. f.14.
37. Boyle's Medicinal experiments (London, Smith, 1692) contain little else. See also the heading 'Receipts' in E J L Scott, Index to the Sloane manuscripts in the British Museum, London, British Museum, 1904; repr. 1971, pp. 446-7. Three of the most valuable drugs known to medicine were derived from popular experience, namely, morphia, digitalis and salicylic acid.
38. Boyle's Medicinal experiments (London, Smith, 1692) contain little else. See also the heading 'Receipts' in E J L Scott, Index to the Sloane manuscripts in the British Museum, London, British Museum, 1904; repr. 1971, pp. 446-7. Three of the most valuable drugs known to medicine were derived from popular experience, namely, morphia, digitalis and salicylic acid.
39. F Bacon, De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum, Bk II, ch. 2. L Rook[e], 'Directions for sea-men, bound for far voyages', Phil. Trans., 1666, 1: 140-1; R Boyle, 'General heads for a natural history of a countrey, great or small, . . .', ibid., pp. 186-9.
40. F Bacon, De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum, Bk II, ch. 2. L Rook[e], 'Directions for sea-men, bound for far voyages', Phil. Trans., 1666, 1: 140-1; R Boyle, 'General heads for a natural history of a countrey, great or small, . . .', ibid., pp. 186-9.
41. F Bacon, De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum, Bk II, ch. 2. L Rook[e], 'Directions for sea-men, bound for far voyages', Phil. Trans., 1666, 1: 140-1; R Boyle, 'General heads for a natural history of a countrey, great or small, . . .', ibid., pp. 186-9.
42. The original of the quotation reads "yet I for honours sake . . . shall name him, the Lord Brook. He writing of Episcopacy, . . .' (The works of John Milton, New York, Columbia University Press, 1931, vol. 4, p. 346). Examples of "C:" are in MSS. f.14, pp. 1, 9 (note especially the entry, 'Campanella'); f.18, p.22; f.20, pp. 230, 231, 245; d.11, OVu; and throughout Brit. Lib. Add. MS. 32,554.
43. Kearney, op. cit., note 3 above, p. 146. For Barlow's life, see Dictionary of national biography. For his reading list, see Long (1962-67), op. cit., note 6 above, entry for MS. e.17: Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, pp. 13-14. The manuscript has been edited by A DeJordy and H F Fletcher, 'A library for younger schollers'. Compiled by an English scholar-priest about 1655, Illinois studies in language and literature, vol. 48, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1961. Locke copied part of the text in MS. e. 17 (see review by P Long, Notes and Queries, 1962, 207: 399-400).
44. Kearney, op. cit., note 3 above, p. 146. For Barlow's life, see Dictionary of national biography. For his reading list, see Long (1962-67), op. cit., note 6 above, entry for MS. e.17: Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, pp. 13-14. The manuscript has been edited by A DeJordy and H F Fletcher, 'A library for younger schollers'. Compiled by an English scholar-priest about 1655, Illinois studies in language and literature, vol. 48, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1961. Locke copied part of the text in MS. e. 17 (see review by P Long, Notes and Queries, 1962, 207: 399-400).
45. Kearney, op. cit., note 3 above, p. 146. For Barlow's life, see Dictionary of national biography. For his reading list, see Long (1962-67), op. cit., note 6 above, entry for MS. e.17: Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, pp. 13-14. The manuscript has been edited by A DeJordy and H F Fletcher, 'A library for younger schollers'. Compiled by an English scholar-priest about 1655, Illinois studies in language and literature, vol. 48, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1961. Locke copied part of the text in MS. e. 17 (see review by P Long, Notes and Queries, 1962, 207: 399-400).
46. Kearney, op. cit., note 3 above, p. 146. For Barlow's life, see Dictionary of national biography. For his reading list, see Long (1962-67), op. cit., note 6 above, entry for MS. e.17: Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, pp. 13-14. The manuscript has been edited by A DeJordy and H F Fletcher, 'A library for younger schollers'. Compiled by an English scholar-priest about 1655, Illinois studies in language and literature, vol. 48, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1961. Locke copied part of the text in MS. e. 17 (see review by P Long, Notes and Queries, 1962, 207: 399-400).
47. Kearney, op. cit., note 3 above, p. 146. For Barlow's life, see Dictionary of national biography. For his reading list, see Long (1962-67), op. cit., note 6 above, entry for MS. e.17: Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, pp. 13-14. The manuscript has been edited by A DeJordy and H F Fletcher, 'A library for younger schollers'. Compiled by an English scholar-priest about 1655, Illinois studies in language and literature, vol. 48, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1961. Locke copied part of the text in MS. e. 17 (see review by P Long, Notes and Queries, 1962, 207: 399-400).
48. Kearney, op. cit., note 3 above, p. 146. For Barlow's life, see Dictionary of national biography. For his reading list, see Long (1962-67), op. cit., note 6 above, entry for MS. e.17: Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, pp. 13-14. The manuscript has been edited by A DeJordy and H F Fletcher, 'A library for younger schollers'. Compiled by an English scholar-priest about 1655, Illinois studies in language and literature, vol. 48, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1961. Locke copied part of the text in MS. e. 17 (see review by P Long, Notes and Queries, 1962, 207: 399-400).
49. MS. f.14, p.11. DeJordy and Fletcher, op. cit., note 18 above, p. 29.
50. Dewhurst (1959) op. cit., note 2 above; Meynell (1993), op. cit., note 4 above, p. 255.
51. Dewhurst (1959) op. cit., note 2 above; Meynell (1993), op. cit., note 4 above, p. 255.
52. Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, pp. 30-42.
53. British Library catalogue of printed books, shelf-mark 535.b.15. Wing B3985. The corresponding page in Hyde is shown in Harrison and Laslett, Plate 4.
54. A typical reference to Sennert is "Sennert pr. [Practicae] 1.4. p.3. s.5. c.1. p.716. 56" (MS. d.11, GAi) and any reference of the form "Sennert . . . 56" is likewise to his collected works, not to an individual book. Helmont's Ortus medicinae has 114 chapters which Locke always abbreviated, e.g., "Helmont lun. trib. p.584. 52" is Lunare tributum or chapter 10 of the Supplementum.
55. The Bodleian placed Basil Valentinus at "V" not "B", and "L'Estrange" is at "Estrange". Side headings in Harrison and Laslett like 'Edicts', 'Letters' and Trinitas' originate from printed centre headings in Hyde.
56. Locke attended two classes on the preparation of chemical remedies which were held in Oxford by Peter Stahl in 1663 and 1666 (Meynell, op. cit., note 12 above).
57. For Locke's herbarium, see MSS. b.7 and c.41; and J W Gough, 'John Locke's herbarium', Bodleian Libr. Rec., 1962-67, 7: 42-6.
58. See Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, Table 3. The difference is evident whether all the titles are considered or only those medical works whose texts are quoted in the notebooks. The percentages are as follows (those from Harrison and Laslett are in brackets): Britain, 16.7% (45%); Netherlands, 21.6% (19.6%); France, 13.5% (16.9%); Germany, Poland etc., 30.6% (9.8%), Switzerland, 5.0% (3.9%); Italy, 5.9% (2.9%); and Denmark, 2.3% (0.4%).
59. The MSS. of Table 2 are almost entirely distinct from those listed by H A S Schankula, 'A summary catalogue of the philosophical manuscript papers of John Locke', Bodleian Libr. Rec., 1973-78, 9: 24-34, 81-2. Locke also made two lists of authors not considered here which appear to be memoranda, not lists of what he owned or had read (MS. f.47 with over 2,000 names. Public Record Office PRO/30/24/47/30, fol.42-3).
60. Long, op. cit., note 6 above. The range is unreliable as an index of the imprints in each notebook because it is grossly inflated by an early volume (which also decreases the mean). The median year is more representative of the imprints in a given notebook.
61. The books present in Hyde but not found in the notebooks comprise: Medicine: HL.15, 27, 79, 80a, 111, 129, 161, 179, 194, 200, 216, 218, 220, 221d, 257, 265, 298a, 349a, 349b, 385, 394, 399, 406, 440, 459, 460, 487, 488, 496, 497, 503a, 614c, 616, 647, 654a, 668, 669, 728, 729, 731, 741, 742a, 748, 749, 750, 760, 794, 805, 806, 845b, 846, 847, 964, 973a, 1118, 1149, 1183, 1222, 1222a, 1222b, 1238, 1249, 1276, 1302, 1320, 1365, 1383a, 1397, 1398a, 1414, 1438, 1442, 1453, 1457, 1457a, 1466b, 1487a, 1578, 1584, 1585, 1627, 1630, 1650a, 1660, 1711, 1740, 1815, 1890, 1892, 1893, 1899, 1911, 1940, 1985, 1986, 2056, 2066, 2118, 2138, 2194, 2298, 2304, 2316, 2317, 2318, 2319, 2320, 2321, 2322, 2323, 2324, 2511, 2533, 2598, 2600a, 2616b, 2619, 2624, 2625, 2633a, 2640, 2662, 2663, 2664, 2698, 2751a, 2754, 2811, 2812, 2813, 2816a, 2817c, 2956, 2957, 2976, 3031 and 3169. Chemistry: HL.37, 50, 128, 131a, 155, 193, 214a, 221b, 252, 456, 558, 558a, 704, 1031a, 1158, 1226, 1255, 1256, 1257, 1258, 1259, 1260, 1261, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1265, 1266, 1267, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1577, 1647, 1714, 1833, 1938, 1999, 2103, 2105, 2454, 2601c, 2818, 2958a, 3032, 3034, 3036, 3038, 3041 and 3131. Botany: HL.2692. Miscellaneous: HL.39, 54, 55, 56, 57, 117, 166, 170, 290, 360, 395, 405, 414, 416, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 441, 442, 443, 445, 446, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 454, 455, 458, 461, 463, 464, 470, 471, 472, 473, 562a, 563, 564, 565, 809, 1246, 1360, 1646, 1707, 1708, 1962, 1967, 2115, 2189, 2305, 2452, and 2809.
62. DeJordy and Fletcher, op. cit., note 18 above, pp 9, 13.
63. Many of the entries in the early notebooks, MS. e.4 and Brit. Lib. Add. MS. 32,554, end with "RL" or "Hodges". Locke and his friends may have been exceptional in Christ Church which is said to resisted innovation in the seventeenth century (Kearney, op. cit., note 3 above, pp. 120, 123, 147, 164; E G W Bill, Education at Christ Church Oxford, 1660-1800, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988, pp. 35, 196). However, in 1659, an anonymous pamphlet, possibly a satire by Stubbe not to be taken at its face value, proposed a wholesale reorganization of the college, including abolition of the Dean and Canons and establishment of new professorships in subjects like "Des Cartes Philosophy", "Gassendus's Philosophy", physic and anatomy, with "a Chymist for experiments and promoting of Medicines" (Thomason Tract 29 June 1659. C Webster, The great instauration: science, medicine and reform, 1626-1660, London, Duckworth, 1975, p. 175). Galen's absence from the notebooks is understandable but not that of Hippocrates whose detailed observations on his patients should have been acceptable to Locke (the only quotations from Hippocrates appear to be in MS. d.11, VVu, and in Brit. Lib. Add. MS. 32,554, p. 72).
64. Many of the entries in the early notebooks, MS. e.4 and Brit. Lib. Add. MS. 32,554, end with "RL" or "Hodges". Locke and his friends may have been exceptional in Christ Church which is said to resisted innovation in the seventeenth century (Kearney, op. cit., note 3 above, pp. 120, 123, 147, 164; E G W Bill, Education at Christ Church Oxford, 1660-1800, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988, pp. 35, 196). However, in 1659, an anonymous pamphlet, possibly a satire by Stubbe not to be taken at its face value, proposed a wholesale reorganization of the college, including abolition of the Dean and Canons and establishment of new professorships in subjects like "Des Cartes Philosophy", "Gassendus's Philosophy", physic and anatomy, with "a Chymist for experiments and promoting of Medicines" (Thomason Tract 29 June 1659. C Webster, The great instauration: science, medicine and reform, 1626-1660, London, Duckworth, 1975, p. 175). Galen's absence from the notebooks is understandable but not that of Hippocrates whose detailed observations on his patients should have been acceptable to Locke (the only quotations from Hippocrates appear to be in MS. d.11, VVu, and in Brit. Lib. Add. MS. 32,554, p. 72).
65. Many of the entries in the early notebooks, MS. e.4 and Brit. Lib. Add. MS. 32,554, end with "RL" or "Hodges". Locke and his friends may have been exceptional in Christ Church which is said to resisted innovation in the seventeenth century (Kearney, op. cit., note 3 above, pp. 120, 123, 147, 164; E G W Bill, Education at Christ Church Oxford, 1660-1800, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1988, pp. 35, 196). However, in 1659, an anonymous pamphlet, possibly a satire by Stubbe not to be taken at its face value, proposed a wholesale reorganization of the college, including abolition of the Dean and Canons and establishment of new professorships in subjects like "Des Cartes Philosophy", "Gassendus's Philosophy", physic and anatomy, with "a Chymist for experiments and promoting of Medicines" (Thomason Tract 29 June 1659. C Webster, The great instauration: science, medicine and reform, 1626-1660, London, Duckworth, 1975, p. 175). Galen's absence from the notebooks is understandable but not that of Hippocrates whose detailed observations on his patients should have been acceptable to Locke (the only quotations from Hippocrates appear to be in MS. d.11, VVu, and in Brit. Lib. Add. MS. 32,554, p. 72).
66. MS. f.25, p. 270. A packing list has "Glauber 4 vol. 80" (MS. f.10, p. 23) which are presumably the four volumes in the library catalogue (f.16, fol.113a) with the same shelf marks as HL.1254, Pharmacopoea spagyrica. MS. e.4, p. 42, quotes "Glaub" on the lethal vapour emitted by an angry toad.
67. A book by Boyle absent from Hyde but frequently cited in MS. f.14 is Some considerations touching the style of the H. Scriptures, London, Herringman, 1661.
68. See Boyle's An experimental discourse annexed to An essay of the great effects of even languid and unheeded motion (HL.445). G Meynell, 'Sydenham, Locke and Sydenham's De peste sive febre pestilentiali', Med. Hist., 1993, 37: 330-2. An essay on plague in Locke's writing is in the collection, 'Medical Observations', written with Sydenham (Meynell, 1991, op. cit., note 11 above, pp. 33-45).
69. See Boyle's An experimental discourse annexed to An essay of the great effects of even languid and unheeded motion (HL.445). G Meynell, 'Sydenham, Locke and Sydenham's De peste sive febre pestilentiali', Med. Hist., 1993, 37: 330-2. An essay on plague in Locke's writing is in the collection, 'Medical Observations', written with Sydenham (Meynell, 1991, op. cit., note 11 above, pp. 33-45).
70. See Boyle's A free enquiry into the vul[g]arly received notion of Nature (HL.470). M Neuburger, 'An historical survey of the concept of Nature from a medical viewpoint', Isis, 1944, 35: 16-28. For a general account of Sydenham's view of medicine, see Meynell (1988), op. cit., note 4 above, §11, pp. 43-55.
71. See Boyle's A free enquiry into the vul[g]arly received notion of Nature (HL.470). M Neuburger, 'An historical survey of the concept of Nature from a medical viewpoint', Isis, 1944, 35: 16-28. For a general account of Sydenham's view of medicine, see Meynell (1988), op. cit., note 4 above, §11, pp. 43-55.
72. Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, p. 40. For books, see amongst many examples, MS. f.8, pp. 38-42. For passages within books, see the indexes in MSS. c.33 and d.11.
73. W R Riddell, 'Dr. James Primrose and his vulgar errours', N. Y. State J. Med., 1922, 22: 360-71
74. . N G De Santo, et al., 'Origins of nephrology: the 17th century. I. The fallacies deriving from examination of the urine according to James Primrose', Amer. J. Neph., 1992, 12: 94-101.
75. Indexes for the following occur as shown: Medicine: HL.219 (c.33), 221 (c.29). 233 (c.33), 234 (c.33), 235 (c.33), 347 (c.33), 348 (c.33), 349 (c.33), 350 (d.11), 953 (c.29), 1445 (d.11), 1451b (d.11), 1716 (c.33), 1887 (c.33), 1888 (c.33), 2005 (d.11), 2237 (c.29), 2523a (d.11), 2581 (d.11), 2766 (c.29), 2797 (c.29), 2810 (d.9), 2814 (c.29), 2817a (d.11), 2901 (d.9), 3063g (c.29, d.11), 3135 (d.11), 3165a (d.11) and 3165b (c.29). L Septalius, Animadversionum (Padua, Frambottus, 1652. c.33. HL.2618 is a different edition); and T Sydenham, Methodus (London, Crook, 1666. d.11). Botany: S Paulli, Quadripartitum botanicum (Strasbourg, Paulli, 1667. d.11). Chemistry: HL.444 (d.11), 1345 (d.9), 2806b (d.11), 3037 (d.11) and 3039 (d.11). Fasciculus Paracelsicae . . . Dorneo interprete (Frankfurt am Main, Spies, 1581. d.9). Travel: HL.286a (c.33), 912 (c.33), 1718 (c.33), 2411 (c.33), 2526 (c.33) and 2528 (c.33). Miscellaneous: HL.8 (c.33), 332 (c.33), 439 (d.11), 465 (d.11), 1066 (c.33), 1869 (d.11), 2083 (c.33), 2453 (c.33) and 3035 (d.9).
76. Illustrated in Meynell (1993) op. cit., note 4 above, Figure 1.
77. Page-lists are present in the following notebooks: Medicine: HL.221c (f.19), 2806b (f.19), 3134 (f.8) and 3138 (f.28). Also for these books not in Hyde: P Grüling, Florilegii Hippocrateo-Galeno-chymici novi (Leipzig, Frommann, 1665. f.19); J F Helvetius, Diribitorium medicum (Amsterdam, Jansson, 1670. d.9). Botany: S Paulli, Quadripartitum botanicum (Strasbourg, Paulli, 1667. f.19). Chemistry: G Schultz, Scrutinium cinnabarinum (Halle, Hübner, 1680. f.28) and Dissertatio pharmaceutico-therapeutica (Halle, Hübner, 1678. f.28). Travel: HL.3138 (f.28). J J Strays, Les voyages . . . (Amsterdam, Van Meurs, 1681. f.28). Page-lists were sometimes written on the endpapers of the books themselves and these are listed by Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, pp. 280-4.
78. H Rogers, 'John Locke: his character and philosophy', The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, 1854, 99: 383-454, pp. 398, 402, 406. R Colie, 'The essayist in his Essay', in J W Yolton, (ed.), John Locke: problems and perspectives, Cambridge University Press, 1969.
79. H Rogers, 'John Locke: his character and philosophy', The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, 1854, 99: 383-454, pp. 398, 402, 406. R Colie, 'The essayist in his Essay', in J W Yolton, (ed.), John Locke: problems and perspectives, Cambridge University Press, 1969.
80. See J Locke, An essay concerning human understanding, II.viii.20; Dewhurst (1966), op. cit., note 2 above, p. 81.
81. See J Locke, An essay concerning human understanding, II.viii.20; Dewhurst (1966), op. cit., note 2 above, p. 81.
82. Locke's manuscript, De arte medica (1669), is largely an attack on scholasticism and on speculation in medicine: Abrams (1967), pp. 86-7; G Meynell, 'Locke as author of Anatomia and De arte medica', The Locke Newsletter, 1994, no. 25: 65-73. See also letters 1556, 1578, 1593 and 2227 in de Beer, op. cit., note 1 above.
83. Locke's manuscript, De arte medica (1669), is largely an attack on scholasticism and on speculation in medicine: Abrams (1967), pp. 86-7; G Meynell, 'Locke as author of Anatomia and De arte medica', The Locke Newsletter, 1994, no. 25: 65-73. See also letters 1556, 1578, 1593 and 2227 in de Beer, op. cit., note 1 above.
84. Dewhurst (1980), op. cit., note 2 above, pp. 55, 88.
85. MSS. f.25, p.267; f.27, pp.2, 56b-57a (irregular pagination). Numerous entries in MSS. c.44, f.15 and f.19 concern Boyle (Meynell, op. cit., note 12 above, p. 89).
86. Dewhurst, op. cit., note 2 above, pp. 38-41, attributed Anatomia to Sydenham but the manuscript is almost certainly by Locke (Meynell, op. cit., note 44 above).
87. Dewhurst, op. cit., note 2 above, pp. 38-41, attributed Anatomia to Sydenham but the manuscript is almost certainly by Locke (Meynell, op. cit., note 44 above).
88. Quotations occur from HL.1451a, 1628, 2285, 2331, 2764, 2808 and 2817a. See also HL.107, 1271, 1300, 1547 and 1548.
89. Listed in MSS. f.5, pp. 93, 94 (see Harrison and Laslett (1965), op. cit., note 5 above, Appendix I); f.10, pp. 24, 25; f.15, p. 74. Also MS. f.5, p. 18: "1 Fol.paperbook with plants marked JL" (possibly MS. b.7).
90. Locke used similar strings of numbers when recording his holdings of almanacs and periodicals (MSS. f.4, p. 8; f.9, p. 52; f.28, p. 9). The obvious interpretation is that each number denotes the corresponding year and that the series starts at "52" because Locke went to Oxford in 1652, but the real position may be more complicated. He often wrote such numbers at the start of his notebooks but the entries themselves may begin some years either later (as in "Adversaria 60 I Physica": MS. d.9) or earlier (as in MS. f.14 which is marked both 67 and "6": J R Milton, 'The date and significance of two of Locke's early manuscripts', The Locke Newsletter, 1988, no. 19: 47-89).
91. Catalogued in Long, op. cit., note 6 above.
92. See Laslett, op. cit., note 3 above, p. 64 and note therein.