Spatial vision thresholds in the near absence of attention

Vision Research

Volumn 37, Issue 17, 1997, Pages 2409-2418

  Lee, Dale K ^a   Koch, Christof ^a   Braun, Jochen ^a  

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Concurrent tasks; Gain; Tuning; Visual filters

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CONTRAST; GRATING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL DISCRIMINATION; VISUAL ORIENTATION; VISUAL STIMULATION; VISUAL THRESHOLD;

ATTENTION; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; HUMANS; PHOTIC STIMULATION; PSYCHOPHYSICS; SENSORY THRESHOLDS; SPACE PERCEPTION;

EID: 0031239587     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00055-2     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Allport, D. A. (1980) Attention and performance. In Claxton, G. (Ed.), Cognitive psychology: new directions. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
2. Bashinski, H. S. & Bacharach, V. R. (1980). Enhancement of perceptual sensitivity as the result of selectively attending to spatial locations. Perception and Psychophysics, 28, 241-248.
3. Bergen, J. & Julesz, B. (1983). Parallel versus serial processing in rapid pattern discrimination. Nature, 303, 696-698.
4. Bonnel, A.-M. & Miller, J. (1994). Attentional effects on concurrent psychophysical discriminations: investigations of a sample size model. Perception and Psychophysics, 55, 125-247.
5. Bonnel, A. M., Possamai, C. A. & Schmitt, M. (1987). Early modulations of visual input: a study of attentional strategies. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39A, 757-776.
6. Bonnel, A.-M., Stein, J.-F. & Bertucci, P. (1992). Does attention modulate the perception of luminance changes? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44A, 601-626.
7. Braun, J. (1993). Shape-from-shading is independent of visual attention and may be a "texton". Spatial Vision, 7, 311-322.
8. Braun, J. (1994). Visual search among items of different salience: removal of visual attention mimics a lesion in extrastriate area V4. Journal of Neuroscience, 14, 554-567.
9. Braun, J. & Julesz, B. (1996) Dividing attention at little cost. Perception and Psychophysics, submitted.
10. Braun, J. & Sagi, D. (1990). Vision outside the focus of attention. Perception and Psychophysics, 48, 45-58.
11. Braun, J. & Sagi, D. (1991). Texture-based tasks are little affected by a second task which requires peripheral or central attentive fixation. Perception, 20, 483-500.
12. Carandini, M. & Heeger, D. J. (1994). Summation and division by neurons in primate visual cortex. Science, 264, 1333-1336.
13. Chelazzi, L., Miller, E. K., Duncan, J. & Desimone, R. (1993). A neural basis for visual search in inferior temporal cortex. Nature, 363, 345-347.
14. Coltheart, M. (1980). Iconic memory and visible persistence. Perception and Psychophysics, 27, 183-228.
15. Corbetta, M., Miezin, F. M., Dobmeyer, S., Shulman, G. L. & Petersen, S. E. (1990). Selective attention modulates neural processing of shape, color, and velocity in humans. Science, 248, 1556-1559.
16. Desimone, R. & Duncan J. (1995). Neural mechanisms of selective attention. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 18, 193-222.
17. Desimone, R. & Ungerleider, L. G. (1989). Neural mechanisms of visual processing in monkeys. In Boller, F. & Grafman, J. (Eds), Handbook of neuropsychology (Vol. II. pp. 267-299). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
18. Downing, C. (1988). Expectancy and visual-spatial attention: effects on perceptual quality. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 14, 188-202.
19. Duncan, J. (1980). The locus of interference in the perception of simultaneous stimuli. Psychological Review, 87, 272-300.
20. Duncan, J. (1984). Selective attention and the organization of visual information. Journal of Experimental Psychology (General), 113, 501-517.
21. Duncan, J. & Humphreys, G. (1992). Beyond the search surface: visual search and attentional engagement. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 18, 578-588.
22. Duncan, J. & Humphreys, G. W. (1989). Visual search and stimulus similarity. Psychological Review, 96, 433-458.
23. Duncan, J., Ward, R. & Shapiro, K. (1994). Direct measurement of attentional dwell time in human vision. Nature, 369, 313-315.
24. Fahle, M. (1991). Parallel perception of vernier offsets, curvature, and chevrons in humans. Vision Research, 31, 2149-2184.
25. Felleman, D. J. & Van Essen, D. C. (1990). Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 1, 1-47.
26. Green, D. M. & Swets, J. A. (1966). Signal detectability and psychophysics. New York, NY: John Wiley.
27. Haenny, P. E., Maunsell, J. H. R. & Schiller, P. H. (1988). State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex: 2. Retinal and extraretinal factors in V4. Experimental Brain Research, 69, 245-259.
28. Harris, J. P. & Fahle, M. (1994). The detection and discrimination of spatial offsets. Vision Research, 351, 51-58.
29. Heeger, D. J. (1993). Modeling simple-cell direction selectivity with normalized, half-squared linear operators. Journal of Neurophysiology, 70, 1885-1898.
30. Heitger, F., Rosenthaler, L., Von der Heydt, R., Peterhans, E. & Kubler, O. (1992). Simulation of neural contour mechanisms - from simple to end-stopped cells. Vision Research, 325, 963-981.
31. Helmholtz, H. (1850/1962). Handbuch der physiologischen optik. In English, ed. J. P. C. Southall, Vol. 3. Dover, New York, NY.
32. Hubel, D. H. & Wiesel, T. N. (1977). Functional architecture of macaque visual cortex. Proceedings of the Royal Society, London B, 198, 1-59.
33. James, W. (1890/1981) The principles of psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
34. Julesz, B. (1981). Textons, the elements of texture perception and their interactions. Nature, 290, 91-97.
35. Julesz, B. (1991). Early vision and focal attention. Review of Modern Physics, 63, 735-772.
36. Koch, C. & Ullman, S. (1985). Shifts in selective visual attention: towards the underlying neural circuitry. Human Neurobiology, 4, 219-227.
37. Kroese, B. & Julesz, B. (1989). The control and speed of shifts of attention. Vision Research, 29, 1607-1619.
38. Levi, D. M., Klein, S. A. & Aitsebaomo, A. P. (1985). Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification. Vision Research, 257, 963-977.
39. Levitt, H. (1970). Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics. Journal of the Optical Scienty of America, 33, 467-476.
40. Macmillan, N. A. & Creelman, C. D. (1991). Detection theory: a user's guide. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
41. Malik, J. & Perona, P. (1990). Preattentive texture discrimination with early vision mechanisms. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 7, 923-932.
42. Maunsell, J. H. R. (1995). The brain's visual world - representation of visual targets in cerebral cortex. Science, 270, 764-769.
43. McAdams, C. J. & Maunsell, J. H. R. (1996). Attention enhances neuronal reponses without altering orientation selectivity in macaque area v4. Soc Neurosci Abstr, 23, in press.
44. Moran, J, & Desimone, R. (1985), Selective attention gates visual processing in the extrastriate cortex. Science, 229, 782-784.
45. Motter, B. C. (1993). Focal attention produces spatially selective processing in visual cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 in the presence of competing stimuli. Journal of Neurophysiology, 70, 909-919.
46. Motter, B. C. (1994). Neural correlates of attentive selection for color or luminance in extrastriate area V4. Journal of Neuroscience, 14, 2178-2189.
47. Müller, H. J. & Findlay, J. (1987). Sensitivity and criterion effects in the spatial cuing of visual attention. Perception and Psychophysics, 42, 383-399.
48. Nakayama, K. & Mackeben, M. (1989). Sustained and transient components of focal visual attention. Vision Research, 29, 1631-1647.
49. Orban, G. A., Vandenbussche, E. & Vogels, R. (1984). Human orientation discrimination tested with long stimulli. Vision Research, 242, 121-128.
50. Pashler, H. (1991). Shifting visual attention and selecting motor responses: distinct attentional mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 17, 1023-1040.
51. Press, W. A., Knierim, J. J. & Van Esssen, D. C. (1994). Neuronal correlates of attention to texture patterns in macaque striate cortex. Society of Neuroscience Abstracts, 20, 838.
52. Regan, D., ed. (1991). Binocular vision. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
53. Rentschler, I. & Treutwein, B. (1985). Loss of spatial phase-relationships in extrafoveal vision. Nature, 313, 308-319.
54. Reynolds, J., Chelazzi, L., Luck, S. & Desimone, R. (1994). Sensory interactions and effects of selective spatial attention in macaque area V2. Society of Neuroscience Abstracts, 20, 1054.
55. Rosenthaler, L., Heitger, F., Kubler, O. & Von der Heydt, R. (1992). Detection of general edges and keypoints. LECT-N-COMP, 588, 78-86.
56. Rovamo, J. & Virsu, V. (1979). An estimation and application of the human cortical magnification factor. Experimental Brain Research, 37, 495-510.
57. Rubenstein, B. S. & Sagi, D. (1990). Spatial variability as a limiting factor in texture-discrimination tasks: implications for performance asymmetries. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 7, 1632-1642.
58. Sagi, D. & Julesz, B. (1985). Where and what in vision. Science, 228, 1217-1219.
59. Sagi, D. & Julesz, B. (1987). Short-range limitation on detection of feature differences. Spatial Vision, 1, 39-49.
60. Schiller, P. H. & Lee K. (1991). The role of primate extrastriate cortex area V4 in vision. Science, 251, 1251-1253.
61. Shaw, M. L. (1984). Division of attention among spatial locations: a fundamental difference between detection of letters and detection of luminance increments. In Bouma, H. & Bouwhuis, D. G. (Eds), Attention and performance X (pp. 109-121). Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
62. Sperling, G. & Melchner, M. J. (1978). The attention operating characteristic: some examples from visual search. Science, 202, 315-318.
63. Spillman, L. & Werner, J. S. (1990). Visual perception: The neurophysiological foundations. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
64. Spitzer, H., Desimone, R. & Moran, J. (1988). Increased attention enhances both behavioral and neuronal performance. Science, 240, 338-340.
65. Treisman, A. (1991). Search, similarity, and integration of features between and within dimensions. Journal of Experimental Psycholog: Human Perception and Performance, 17, 652-676.
66. Treisman, A. (1992). Spreading suppression on feature integration: A reply to Duncan and Humphreys. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception Performance, 18, 589-593.
67. Treisman, A. (1993). The perception of features and objects. In Baddeley, A. & Weiskrantz, L. (Eds), Attention: selection, awareness and control (pp. 1-35). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
68. Treisman, A. & Gelade, G. (1980). A feature integration theory of attention. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 97-136.
69. Virsu, V. & Rovamo, J. (1979). Visual resolution, contrast sensitivity, and the cortical megnification factor. Experimental Brain Research, 37, 475-494.
70. Watt, R. (1991). Seeing texture. Cognitive Neuroscience, 1, 137-139.
71. Waugh, S. J., Levi, D. M. & Carney, T. (1993). Orientation, masking and vernier acuity for line targets. Vision Research, 3312, 1619-1638.
72. Westheimer, G. & McKee, S. P. (1977). Spatial configurations for visual hyperacuity. Vision Research, 17, 941-947.
73. Wilson, H. R. (1986). Responses of spatial mechanisms can explain hyperacuity. Vision Research, 263, 453-469.
74. Wilson, H. R. (1991). Model of peripheral and amblyopic hyperacuity. Vision Research, 316, 967-982.
75. Wolfe, J. M. (1994). Guided search 2.0: a revised model of visual search. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 1, 202-238.
76. Wolfe, J., Yee, A. & Friedman-Hill, S. R. (1992). Curvature is a basic feature for visual search tasks. Perception, 21, 465-480.