메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 200, Issue 18, 1997, Pages 2415-2423

A stereological comparison of villous and microvillous surfaces in small intestines of frugivorous and entomophagous bats: Species, inter-individual and craniocaudal differences

Author keywords

Bats; Craniocaudal variations; Entomophagous; Epomophorus wahlbergi; Frugivorous; Intestine; Lisonycteris angolensis; Microvilli; Miniopterus inflatus; Villi

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BAT; BODY WEIGHT; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIET; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; FRUIT; HISTOLOGY; INSECT; INTESTINE MUCOSA; SMALL INTESTINE; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

EID: 0031239550     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 84985234195 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of surface area from vertical sections
    • BADDELEY, A. J., GUNDERSEN, H. J. G. AND CRUZ-ORIVE, L. M. (1986). Estimation of surface area from vertical sections. J. Microsc. 142, 259-276.
    • (1986) J. Microsc. , vol.142 , pp. 259-276
    • Baddeley, A.J.1    Gundersen, H.J.G.2    Cruz-Orive, L.M.3
  • 3
    • 0011182545 scopus 로고
    • Microvilli of the human jejunal epithelial cell
    • BROWN, A. L. (1962). Microvilli of the human jejunal epithelial cell. J. Cell Biol. 12, 623-627.
    • (1962) J. Cell Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 623-627
    • Brown, A.L.1
  • 4
    • 0019590617 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis of the membranes and organelles of the small intestinal enterocytes. I. Fasted hamster
    • BUSCHMANN, R. J. AND MANKE, D. J. (1981a). Morphometric analysis of the membranes and organelles of the small intestinal enterocytes. I. Fasted hamster. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 76, 1-14.
    • (1981) J. Ultrastruct. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 1-14
    • Buschmann, R.J.1    Manke, D.J.2
  • 5
    • 0019590585 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric analysis of the membranes and organelles of the small intestinal enterocytes. II. Lipid-fed hamster
    • BUSCHMANN, R. J. AND MANKE, D. J. (1981b). Morphometric analysis of the membranes and organelles of the small intestinal enterocytes. II. Lipid-fed hamster. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 76, 15-26.
    • (1981) J. Ultrastruct. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 15-26
    • Buschmann, R.J.1    Manke, D.J.2
  • 6
    • 4243711655 scopus 로고
    • Flight metabolism of flying foxes
    • (ed. C. J. Brokaw and C. Brennen), New York: Plenum Publishing Company
    • CARPENTER, R. E. (1975). Flight metabolism of flying foxes. In Swimming and Flying in Nature, vol. 2 (ed. C. J. Brokaw and C. Brennen), pp. 883-890. New York: Plenum Publishing Company.
    • (1975) Swimming and Flying in Nature , vol.2 , pp. 883-890
    • Carpenter, R.E.1
  • 7
    • 0001108803 scopus 로고
    • The status of bats on Western Indian Ocean islands with special reference to Pteropus
    • CHEKE, A. S. AND DAHL, J. F. (1981). The status of bats on Western Indian Ocean islands with special reference to Pteropus. Mammalia 45, 205-238.
    • (1981) Mammalia , vol.45 , pp. 205-238
    • Cheke, A.S.1    Dahl, J.F.2
  • 8
    • 0025217533 scopus 로고
    • Recent stereological methods for cell biology: A brief survey
    • CRUZ-ORIVE, L. M. AND WEIBEL, E. R. (1990). Recent stereological methods for cell biology: a brief survey. Am. J. Physiol. 258, L148-L156.
    • (1990) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.258
    • Cruz-Orive, L.M.1    Weibel, E.R.2
  • 10
    • 0016415019 scopus 로고
    • Avian physiology
    • DAWSON, R. W. (1975). Avian physiology. A. Rev. Physiol. 37, 441-465.
    • (1975) A. Rev. Physiol. , vol.37 , pp. 441-465
    • Dawson, R.W.1
  • 11
    • 0025916756 scopus 로고
    • Avian lower intestine adapts to dietary salt (NaCl) depletion by increasing transepithelial sodium transport and microvillous membrane surface area
    • ELBRØND, V. S., DANTZER, V., MAYHEW, T. M. AND SKADHAUGE, E. (1991). Avian lower intestine adapts to dietary salt (NaCl) depletion by increasing transepithelial sodium transport and microvillous membrane surface area. Exp. Physiol. 76, 733-744.
    • (1991) Exp. Physiol. , vol.76 , pp. 733-744
    • Elbrønd, V.S.1    Dantzer, V.2    Mayhew, T.M.3    Skadhauge, E.4
  • 12
    • 0000714886 scopus 로고
    • The roosting and foraging areas of Epomophorus wahlbergi (Pteropodidae) and Scotophilus viridis (Verspertilionidae) in Kruger National Park
    • FENTON, M. B., BRIGHAM, R. M., MILLS, A. M. AND RAUTENBACH, I. L. (1985). The roosting and foraging areas of Epomophorus wahlbergi (Pteropodidae) and Scotophilus viridis (Verspertilionidae) in Kruger National Park. J. Mammal. 66, 461-468.
    • (1985) J. Mammal. , vol.66 , pp. 461-468
    • Fenton, M.B.1    Brigham, R.M.2    Mills, A.M.3    Rautenbach, I.L.4
  • 13
    • 0342789897 scopus 로고
    • Diet and roosting damage and environmental pollution by the straw coloured fruit bat in south western Nigeria
    • FUNMILAYO, O. (1976). Diet and roosting damage and environmental pollution by the straw coloured fruit bat in south western Nigeria. Niger. Fld 41, 136-142.
    • (1976) Niger. Fld , vol.41 , pp. 136-142
    • Funmilayo, O.1
  • 14
    • 0001112281 scopus 로고
    • Feeding habits
    • (ed. R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones Jr and D. C. Carter), Special Publication of the Museum, Texas Technical University: Lubbock
    • GARDNER, A. L. (1977). Feeding habits. In Biology of Bats of the New World Family Phyllostomatidae, vol. 2 (ed. R. J. Baker, J. K. Jones Jr and D. C. Carter), pp. 293-352. Special Publication of the Museum, Texas Technical University: Lubbock.
    • (1977) Biology of Bats of the New World Family Phyllostomatidae , vol.2 , pp. 293-352
    • Gardner, A.L.1
  • 15
    • 0346169868 scopus 로고
    • Washington DC: Bureau of Sport, Fisheries and Wildlife Resource Publication 72
    • GREENHALL, A. M. AND PARADISO, J. D. (1968). Bats and Bat Banding. Washington DC: Bureau of Sport, Fisheries and Wildlife Resource Publication 72, 47pp.
    • (1968) Bats and Bat Banding
    • Greenhall, A.M.1    Paradiso, J.D.2
  • 16
    • 0018711817 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of tubule or cylinder Lv, Sv and Vv on thick sections
    • GUNDERSEN, H. J. G. (1979). Estimation of tubule or cylinder Lv, Sv and Vv on thick sections. J. Microsc. 117, 333-345.
    • (1979) J. Microsc. , vol.117 , pp. 333-345
    • Gundersen, H.J.G.1
  • 17
    • 0022375894 scopus 로고
    • Anatomical study of the intestine of the insect feeder bat, Myotis frater kaguae
    • ISHIKAWA, O. K., MATOBA, M., TANAKA, H. AND ONO, K. (1985). Anatomical study of the intestine of the insect feeder bat, Myotis frater kaguae. J. Anat. 142, 141-150.
    • (1985) J. Anat. , vol.142 , pp. 141-150
    • Ishikawa, O.K.1    Matoba, M.2    Tanaka, H.3    Ono, K.4
  • 18
    • 1842402929 scopus 로고
    • Les aspects du problème de chiropterogamie
    • JAEGAR, P. (1954). Les aspects du problème de chiropterogamie. Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noir. A 16, 796-821.
    • (1954) Bull. Inst. Fr. Afr. Noir. A , vol.16 , pp. 796-821
    • Jaegar, P.1
  • 19
    • 0002236835 scopus 로고
    • Bat origins and evolution
    • (ed. W. A. Wimsatt), New York: Academic Press
    • JEPSEN, L. G. (1970). Bat origins and evolution. In Biology of Bats, vol. 1 (ed. W. A. Wimsatt), pp. 1-64. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1970) Biology of Bats , vol.1 , pp. 1-64
    • Jepsen, L.G.1
  • 20
    • 0019463860 scopus 로고
    • Blood oxygen transport and organ weights of small bats and non-flying mammals
    • JURGENS, D. K., BARTELS, H. AND BARTELS, R. (1981). Blood oxygen transport and organ weights of small bats and non-flying mammals. Respir. Physiol. 45, 243-260.
    • (1981) Respir. Physiol. , vol.45 , pp. 243-260
    • Jurgens, D.K.1    Bartels, H.2    Bartels, R.3
  • 21
    • 0020841062 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive regulation of sugar and amino acid transport by vertebrate intestine
    • KARASOV, W. H. AND DIAMOND, J. M. (1983). Adaptive regulation of sugar and amino acid transport by vertebrate intestine. Am. J. Physiol. 245, G443-G462.
    • (1983) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.245
    • Karasov, W.H.1    Diamond, J.M.2
  • 22
    • 0017609424 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of assimilation of sugars by Rousettus aegypticus
    • KEEGAN, D. J. (1977). Aspects of assimilation of sugars by Rousettus aegypticus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 58A, 349-352.
    • (1977) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.58 A , pp. 349-352
    • Keegan, D.J.1
  • 23
    • 0343660092 scopus 로고
    • Lack of active glucose transport system of the bat, Rousettus aegypticus intestine
    • KEEGAN, D. J. (1980). Lack of active glucose transport system of the bat, Rousettus aegypticus intestine. S. Afr. J. Sci. 76, 570-571.
    • (1980) S. Afr. J. Sci. , vol.76 , pp. 570-571
    • Keegan, D.J.1
  • 24
    • 0004931840 scopus 로고
    • Absorption of calcium in the small intestine of the bat, Rousettus aegypticus
    • KEEGAN, D. J., LEVINE, S. AND BALGOBIND, N. D. (1980). Absorption of calcium in the small intestine of the bat, Rousettus aegypticus. S. Afr. J. Sci. 76, 328.
    • (1980) S. Afr. J. Sci. , vol.76 , pp. 328
    • Keegan, D.J.1    Levine, S.2    Balgobind, N.D.3
  • 25
    • 0343660091 scopus 로고
    • Microvilli of the intestinal mucosal cells of Rousettus aegypticus
    • KEEGAN, D. J. AND MÖDINGER, R. (1979). Microvilli of the intestinal mucosal cells of Rousettus aegypticus. S. Afr. J. Zool. 14, 220-223.
    • (1979) S. Afr. J. Zool. , vol.14 , pp. 220-223
    • Keegan, D.J.1    Mödinger, R.2
  • 26
    • 0012615554 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal bacterial flora and transit time in three neotropical bat species
    • KLITE, P. D. (1965). Intestinal bacterial flora and transit time in three neotropical bat species. J. Bacteriol. 90, 375-379.
    • (1965) J. Bacteriol. , vol.90 , pp. 375-379
    • Klite, P.D.1
  • 27
    • 0002274241 scopus 로고
    • Capture methods and holding devices
    • (ed. T. H. Kunz), Washington DC, London: Smithsonian Institute Press
    • KUNZ, T. H. AND KURTA, A. (1988). Capture methods and holding devices. In Ecological and Behavioural Methods for the Study of Bats (ed. T. H. Kunz), pp. 1-28. Washington DC, London: Smithsonian Institute Press.
    • (1988) Ecological and Behavioural Methods for the Study of Bats , pp. 1-28
    • Kunz, T.H.1    Kurta, A.2
  • 28
    • 0013475018 scopus 로고
    • Food transit time and carbohydrate use in three phyllostomid bat species
    • LASKA, M. (1990). Food transit time and carbohydrate use in three phyllostomid bat species. Z. Saeugetierk. 55, 49-54.
    • (1990) Z. Saeugetierk. , vol.55 , pp. 49-54
    • Laska, M.1
  • 29
    • 0343681465 scopus 로고
    • Breeding patterns, food habits and parasitic infections of bats in Gunong Brinchang
    • LIM, B. L. (1973). Breeding patterns, food habits and parasitic infections of bats in Gunong Brinchang. Malay Nat. J. 26, 6-13.
    • (1973) Malay Nat. J. , vol.26 , pp. 6-13
    • Lim, B.L.1
  • 30
    • 0342789892 scopus 로고
    • Histology of the alimentary tract of two common Egyptian bats
    • MADKOUR, G. A., HAMMOUDA, E. M. AND IBRAHIM, J. G. (1982). Histology of the alimentary tract of two common Egyptian bats. Annls Zool. (Agra) 19, 53-73.
    • (1982) Annls Zool. (Agra) , vol.19 , pp. 53-73
    • Madkour, G.A.1    Hammouda, E.M.2    Ibrahim, J.G.3
  • 31
    • 0026433655 scopus 로고
    • A morphometric study of the lungs of different sized bats: Correlations between structure and function of the chiropteran lung
    • MAINA, J. N., THOMAS, S. P. AND HYDE, D. M. (1991). A morphometric study of the lungs of different sized bats: correlations between structure and function of the chiropteran lung. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 333, 31-50.
    • (1991) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.333 , pp. 31-50
    • Maina, J.N.1    Thomas, S.P.2    Hyde, D.M.3
  • 32
    • 0030624071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology of the intestine of the entomophagous longfingered bat, Miniopterus inflatus: Mucosal topography and possible landmarks
    • MAKANYA, A. N. (1997). Morphology of the intestine of the entomophagous longfingered bat, Miniopterus inflatus: mucosal topography and possible landmarks. Acta biol. hung. 48, 15-27.
    • (1997) Acta Biol. Hung. , vol.48 , pp. 15-27
    • Makanya, A.N.1
  • 33
    • 84980160756 scopus 로고
    • Morphology of the alimentary tract of the insectivorous Horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hildebradti, Peters: A scanning and light microscopic study
    • MAKANYA, A. N. AND MAINA, J. N. (1994). Morphology of the alimentary tract of the insectivorous Horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hildebradti, Peters: a scanning and light microscopic study. Afr. J. Ecol. 32, 158-168.
    • (1994) Afr. J. Ecol. , vol.32 , pp. 158-168
    • Makanya, A.N.1    Maina, J.N.2
  • 34
    • 0028884802 scopus 로고
    • Stereological methods for estimating the functional surfaces of the chiropteran small intestine
    • MAKANYA, A. N., MAYHEW, T. M. AND MAINA, J. N. (1995). Stereological methods for estimating the functional surfaces of the chiropteran small intestine. J. Anat. 187, 361-368.
    • (1995) J. Anat. , vol.187 , pp. 361-368
    • Makanya, A.N.1    Mayhew, T.M.2    Maina, J.N.3
  • 35
    • 0342789888 scopus 로고
    • Structure of the gastrointestinal tract of the flying fox, Pteropus poliocephalus
    • MANLEY, D. B. AND WILLIAMS, L. M. (1979). Structure of the gastrointestinal tract of the flying fox, Pteropus poliocephalus. J. Anat. 128, 649-650.
    • (1979) J. Anat. , vol.128 , pp. 649-650
    • Manley, D.B.1    Williams, L.M.2
  • 36
    • 0021037310 scopus 로고
    • Bats, flowers and fruit: Evolutionary relationships in the Old World
    • MARSHALL, A. G. (1983). Bats, flowers and fruit: evolutionary relationships in the Old World. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 20, 115-135.
    • (1983) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.20 , pp. 115-135
    • Marshall, A.G.1
  • 37
    • 1842298829 scopus 로고
    • Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Fledermausdarmes
    • MATHIS, J. (1928). Beitrag zur Kenntnis des Fledermausdarmes. Z. mikrosk. Anat. Forsch. 8, 595-647.
    • (1928) Z. Mikrosk. Anat. Forsch. , vol.8 , pp. 595-647
    • Mathis, J.1
  • 38
    • 0023430877 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative ultrastructural study on the response of microvilli along the small bowel to fasting
    • MAYHEW, T. M. (1987). Quantitative ultrastructural study on the response of microvilli along the small bowel to fasting. J. Anat. 154, 237-243.
    • (1987) J. Anat. , vol.154 , pp. 237-243
    • Mayhew, T.M.1
  • 39
    • 0024209435 scopus 로고
    • Geometric model for estimating villous surface area in the rat small bowel is justified by unbiased estimates obtained using vertical sections
    • MAYHEW, T. M. (1988). Geometric model for estimating villous surface area in the rat small bowel is justified by unbiased estimates obtained using vertical sections. J. Anat. 161, 187-193.
    • (1988) J. Anat. , vol.161 , pp. 187-193
    • Mayhew, T.M.1
  • 40
    • 0025046163 scopus 로고
    • Striated brush border of intestinal absorptive epithelial cells: Stereological studies on microvillous morphology in different adaptive states
    • MAYHEW, T. M. (1990). Striated brush border of intestinal absorptive epithelial cells: stereological studies on microvillous morphology in different adaptive states. J. Electron Microsc. Techn. 16, 45-55.
    • (1990) J. Electron Microsc. Techn. , vol.16 , pp. 45-55
    • Mayhew, T.M.1
  • 41
    • 0026215301 scopus 로고
    • The new stereological methods for interpreting functional morphology from slices of cells and organs
    • MAYHEW, T. M. (1991). The new stereological methods for interpreting functional morphology from slices of cells and organs. Exp. Physiol. 76, 639-665.
    • (1991) Exp. Physiol. , vol.76 , pp. 639-665
    • Mayhew, T.M.1
  • 42
    • 0026517873 scopus 로고
    • A review of recent advances in stereology for quantifying neural structure
    • MAYHEW, T. M. (1992). A review of recent advances in stereology for quantifying neural structure. J. Neurocytol. 21, 313-328.
    • (1992) J. Neurocytol. , vol.21 , pp. 313-328
    • Mayhew, T.M.1
  • 43
    • 0030018447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive remodelling of intestinal epithelium assessed using stereology: Correlation of single cell and whole organ data with nutrient transport
    • MAYHEW, T. M. (1996). Adaptive remodelling of intestinal epithelium assessed using stereology: correlation of single cell and whole organ data with nutrient transport. Histol. Histopathol. 11, 729-741.
    • (1996) Histol. Histopathol. , vol.11 , pp. 729-741
    • Mayhew, T.M.1
  • 44
    • 0026450872 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of factors contributing to expansion of microvillous surface area in the coprodaeum of hens transferred to a low-NaCl diet
    • MAYHEW, T. M., ELBRØND, V. S., DANTZER, V. AND SKADHAUGE, E. (1992a). Quantitative analysis of factors contributing to expansion of microvillous surface area in the coprodaeum of hens transferred to a low-NaCl diet. J. Anat. 181, 73-77.
    • (1992) J. Anat. , vol.181 , pp. 73-77
    • Mayhew, T.M.1    Elbrønd, V.S.2    Dantzer, V.3    Skadhauge, E.4
  • 45
    • 0026454545 scopus 로고
    • Structural and enzymatic studies on the plasma membrane domains and sodium pump enzymes of absorptive epithelial cells in the avian lower intestine
    • MAYHEW, T. M., ELBRØND, V. S., DANTZER, V., SKADHAUGE, E. AND MØLLER, O. (1992b). Structural and enzymatic studies on the plasma membrane domains and sodium pump enzymes of absorptive epithelial cells in the avian lower intestine. Cell Tissue Res. 270, 577-585.
    • (1992) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.270 , pp. 577-585
    • Mayhew, T.M.1    Elbrønd, V.S.2    Dantzer, V.3    Skadhauge, E.4    Møller, O.5
  • 46
    • 0022271625 scopus 로고
    • Crypts, villi and microvilli in the small intestine of the rat. A stereological study of their variation within and between animals
    • MAYHEW, T. M. AND MIDDLETON, C. (1985). Crypts, villi and microvilli in the small intestine of the rat. A stereological study of their variation within and between animals. J. Anat. 141, 1-17.
    • (1985) J. Anat. , vol.141 , pp. 1-17
    • Mayhew, T.M.1    Middleton, C.2
  • 48
    • 0019194079 scopus 로고
    • Intestinal microvilli: Responses to feeding and fasting
    • MISCH, D. W., GIEBEL, P. E. AND FAUST, R. G. (1980). Intestinal microvilli: responses to feeding and fasting. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 21, 269-279.
    • (1980) Eur. J. Cell Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 269-279
    • Misch, D.W.1    Giebel, P.E.2    Faust, R.G.3
  • 49
    • 0001389718 scopus 로고
    • Efficiency of food utilisation by fruit bats
    • MORRISON, D. W. (1980). Efficiency of food utilisation by fruit bats. Oecologia 45, 270-273.
    • (1980) Oecologia , vol.45 , pp. 270-273
    • Morrison, D.W.1
  • 50
    • 0002026630 scopus 로고
    • On the evolutionary advantages and disadvantages of fruit eating in tropical birds
    • MORTON, E. S. (1973). On the evolutionary advantages and disadvantages of fruit eating in tropical birds. Am. Nat. 107, 8-22.
    • (1973) Am. Nat. , vol.107 , pp. 8-22
    • Morton, E.S.1
  • 51
    • 84970619215 scopus 로고
    • Movement of Australian flying foxes (Pteropodidae: Megachiroptera)
    • NELSON, J. E. (1965). Movement of Australian flying foxes (Pteropodidae: Megachiroptera). Aust. J. Zool. 13, 53-73.
    • (1965) Aust. J. Zool. , vol.13 , pp. 53-73
    • Nelson, J.E.1
  • 52
    • 0017150943 scopus 로고
    • Studies of the digestive enzymes of the African fruit bat Eidolon helvum (Kerr)
    • OGUNBIYI, O. A. AND OKON, E. E. (1976). Studies of the digestive enzymes of the African fruit bat Eidolon helvum (Kerr). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 55A, 359-361.
    • (1976) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.55 A , pp. 359-361
    • Ogunbiyi, O.A.1    Okon, E.E.2
  • 53
    • 0017762407 scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of the alimentary canal in the fruit bat Eidolon helvum and the insect bat Tadarida nigeriae
    • OKON, E. E. (1977). Functional anatomy of the alimentary canal in the fruit bat Eidolon helvum and the insect bat Tadarida nigeriae. Acta zool. (Stockholm) 58, 83-93.
    • (1977) Acta Zool. (Stockholm) , vol.58 , pp. 83-93
    • Okon, E.E.1
  • 54
    • 0001789059 scopus 로고
    • Notes on fruit bats (Pteropus spp) of Australia
    • RATCLIFFE, F. (1932). Notes on fruit bats (Pteropus spp) of Australia. J. Anim. Ecol. 1, 32-57.
    • (1932) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.1 , pp. 32-57
    • Ratcliffe, F.1
  • 55
    • 0004049289 scopus 로고
    • London: British Museum (Natural History)
    • ROSEVAR, D. R. (1965). The Bats of West Africa. London: British Museum (Natural History). 418pp.
    • (1965) The Bats of West Africa
    • Rosevar, D.R.1
  • 56
    • 0024306354 scopus 로고
    • Dual control over microvillus elongation during enterocyte development
    • SMITH, M. W. AND BROWN, D. (1989). Dual control over microvillus elongation during enterocyte development. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 93A, 623-628.
    • (1989) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.93 A , pp. 623-628
    • Smith, M.W.1    Brown, D.2
  • 57
    • 0004249246 scopus 로고
    • San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co.
    • SOKAL, R. R. AND ROHLF, F. J. (1981). Biometry. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman and Co. 859pp.
    • (1981) Biometry
    • Sokal, R.R.1    Rohlf, F.J.2
  • 58
    • 0002664191 scopus 로고
    • Nectarivorous bats as pollinators of trees in West Malaysia
    • (ed. J. Burley and B. T. Styles), London: Academic Press
    • START, A. N. AND MARSHALL, A. G. (1976). Nectarivorous bats as pollinators of trees in West Malaysia. In Variation, Breeding and Conservation of Tropical Forest Trees (ed. J. Burley and B. T. Styles), pp. 141-150. London: Academic Press.
    • (1976) Variation, Breeding and Conservation of Tropical Forest Trees , pp. 141-150
    • Start, A.N.1    Marshall, A.G.2
  • 59
    • 0019795510 scopus 로고
    • Stereologic studies on the small intestinal epithelium of the rat. I. The absorptive cell of the normal duodenum and jejunum
    • STENLING, R. AND HELANDER, H. F. (1981). Stereologic studies on the small intestinal epithelium of the rat. I. The absorptive cell of the normal duodenum and jejunum. Cell Tissue Res. 217, 11-21.
    • (1981) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.217 , pp. 11-21
    • Stenling, R.1    Helander, H.F.2
  • 60
    • 84970550639 scopus 로고
    • The morphology of the gastrointestinal tract and food transit times in fruit bats, Pteropus alecto and Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera)
    • TEDMAN, R. A. AND HALL, L. S. (1985). The morphology of the gastrointestinal tract and food transit times in fruit bats, Pteropus alecto and Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera). Aust. J. Zool. 33, 625-640.
    • (1985) Aust. J. Zool. , vol.33 , pp. 625-640
    • Tedman, R.A.1    Hall, L.S.2
  • 61
    • 0000224616 scopus 로고
    • Fruit intake and energy budgets of frugivorous bats
    • THOMAS, D. W. (1984). Fruit intake and energy budgets of frugivorous bats. Physiol. Zool. 57, 457-467.
    • (1984) Physiol. Zool. , vol.57 , pp. 457-467
    • Thomas, D.W.1
  • 62
    • 0016723252 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism during flight in two species of bats, Phyllostomus hastatus and Pteropus gouldii
    • THOMAS, S. P. (1975). Metabolism during flight in two species of bats, Phyllostomus hastatus and Pteropus gouldii. J. exp. Biol. 63, 273-293.
    • (1975) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.63 , pp. 273-293
    • Thomas, S.P.1
  • 63
    • 1842402706 scopus 로고
    • The physiology and energetics of bat flight
    • (ed. D. W. Wilson and A. Galdner), Texas: Texas Technical Press
    • THOMAS, S. P. (1980). The physiology and energetics of bat flight. In Proceedings of the Fifth International Bat Research Conference (ed. D. W. Wilson and A. Galdner), pp. 393-402. Texas: Texas Technical Press.
    • (1980) Proceedings of the Fifth International Bat Research Conference , pp. 393-402
    • Thomas, S.P.1
  • 64
    • 0000346126 scopus 로고
    • The physiology and energetics of bat flight
    • THOMAS, S. P. AND SUTHERS, R. A. (1972). The physiology and energetics of bat flight. J. exp. Biol. 57, 317-335.
    • (1972) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.57 , pp. 317-335
    • Thomas, S.P.1    Suthers, R.A.2
  • 65
    • 0015314896 scopus 로고
    • Respiration during flight in birds
    • TUCKER, V. A. (1972). Respiration during flight in birds. Respir. Physiol. 14, 75-82.
    • (1972) Respir. Physiol. , vol.14 , pp. 75-82
    • Tucker, V.A.1
  • 66
    • 84989992248 scopus 로고
    • Remarks on pollination by bats in the genera Freycinetia, Duabanga and Haplophragma and on chirepterophily in general
    • VAN DER PIJL, L. (1956). Remarks on pollination by bats in the genera Freycinetia, Duabanga and Haplophragma and on chirepterophily in general. Acta bot. neerl. 5, 135-144.
    • (1956) Acta Bot. Neerl. , vol.5 , pp. 135-144
    • Van Der Pijl, L.1
  • 67
    • 84989994454 scopus 로고
    • The dispersal of plants by bats (chirepterochory)
    • VAN DER PIJL, L. (1957). The dispersal of plants by bats (chirepterochory). Acta bot. neerl. 6, 291-315.
    • (1957) Acta Bot. Neerl. , vol.6 , pp. 291-315
    • Van Der Pijl, L.1
  • 68
    • 0017138966 scopus 로고
    • The relation between cell proliferation, differentiation and ultrastructural development in rat intestinal epithelium
    • VAN DONGEN, J. M., VISSER, W. J., DAEMS, W. T. H. AND GALJAARD, H. (1976). The relation between cell proliferation, differentiation and ultrastructural development in rat intestinal epithelium. Cell Tissue Res. 174, 183-199.
    • (1976) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.174 , pp. 183-199
    • Van Dongen, J.M.1    Visser, W.J.2    Daems, W.T.H.3    Galjaard, H.4
  • 69
    • 0025914850 scopus 로고
    • Adaptations of the rat small intestine to a single and a double period of undernutrition
    • WARREN, M. A. (1991). Adaptations of the rat small intestine to a single and a double period of undernutrition. J. Anat. 176, 89-97.
    • (1991) J. Anat. , vol.176 , pp. 89-97
    • Warren, M.A.1
  • 70
    • 1842287023 scopus 로고
    • Composition of food, raw and processed: Plant origin
    • (ed. P. L. Altman and D. S. Dittmer), Bethseda, Maryland: Federal Society of Experimental Biology
    • WATT, B. K. (1968). Composition of food, raw and processed: plant origin. In Metabolism (ed. P. L. Altman and D. S. Dittmer), pp. 26-47. Bethseda, Maryland: Federal Society of Experimental Biology.
    • (1968) Metabolism , pp. 26-47
    • Watt, B.K.1
  • 72
    • 0342354894 scopus 로고
    • Field studies of the African fruit bat Epomophorus wahlbergi (Sundeval), with special reference to male calling
    • WICKLER, W. AND SEIBT, U. (1976). Field studies of the African fruit bat Epomophorus wahlbergi (Sundeval), with special reference to male calling. Z. Tierpsychol. 26, 726-736.
    • (1976) Z. Tierpsychol. , vol.26 , pp. 726-736
    • Wickler, W.1    Seibt, U.2
  • 73
    • 0026670351 scopus 로고
    • Responses of enterocyte microvilli in experimental diabetes to insulin and an aldose reductase inhibitor (ponalrestat)
    • WILLIAMS, M. AND MAYHEW, T. M. (1992). Responses of enterocyte microvilli in experimental diabetes to insulin and an aldose reductase inhibitor (ponalrestat). Virchows Archs B Cell Pathol. 62, 385-389.
    • (1992) Virchows Archs B Cell Pathol. , vol.62 , pp. 385-389
    • Williams, M.1    Mayhew, T.M.2
  • 74
    • 84963094707 scopus 로고
    • Bat faunas. A trophic comparison
    • WILSON, D. E. (1973). Bat faunas. A trophic comparison. Syst. Zool. 22, 14-24.
    • (1973) Syst. Zool. , vol.22 , pp. 14-24
    • Wilson, D.E.1
  • 75
    • 0003013790 scopus 로고
    • Maintaining captive bats
    • (ed. T. H. Kunz), Washington DC, London: Smithsonian Institution Press
    • WILSON, D. E. (1988). Maintaining captive bats. In Ecological and Behavioural Methods for the Study of Bats (ed. T. H. Kunz), pp. 247-261. Washington DC, London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
    • (1988) Ecological and Behavioural Methods for the Study of Bats , pp. 247-261
    • Wilson, D.E.1
  • 76
    • 0007312732 scopus 로고
    • New York, London: Academic Press.
    • WIMSATT, W. A. (1970). Biology of Bats, vol. 1. New York, London: Academic Press. 406pp.
    • (1970) Biology of Bats , vol.1
    • Wimsatt, W.A.1
  • 78
    • 0029115466 scopus 로고
    • The small intestine in experimental diabetes: Cellular adaptation in crypts and villi at different longitudinal sites
    • ZOUBI, S. A., MAYHEW, T. M. AND SPARROW, R. A. (1995). The small intestine in experimental diabetes: cellular adaptation in crypts and villi at different longitudinal sites. Virchows Arch. 426, 501-507.
    • (1995) Virchows Arch. , vol.426 , pp. 501-507
    • Zoubi, S.A.1    Mayhew, T.M.2    Sparrow, R.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.