Gender-related strategies in environmental development: Effects of anxiety on wayfinding in and representation of a three-dimensional maze

Journal of Environmental Psychology

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 215-228

  Schmitz, Sigrid ^a  

^a PHILIPPS UNIVERSITY MARBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031236702     PISSN: 02724944     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jevp.1997.0056     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Allen G. L. The acquisition of spatial knowledge under conditions of temporospatial discontinuity. Psychological Research. 50:1988;183-190.
2. Alvis G. R., Ward J. P., Dodson D. I. Equivalence of male and female performance on a tactuospatial maze. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society. 27:1989;29-30.
3. Amedeo D. Emotions in person-environment-behavior-episodes. Behavior and Environment: Psychological and Geographical Approaches. 1993;Elsevier Publishers, Amsterdam.
4. Anooshian L. J., Siegel A. W. From cognitive to procedural mapping. Brainerd C. J., Presson M. Basic Processes in Memory Development: Progress in Cognitive Development Research. 1985;Springer Verlag, New York.
5. Blades M. Wayfinding theory and research: The need for a new approach. Mark D. M., Frank A. U. Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space. 1991;Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
6. Blades M., Medlicott L. Developmental differences in the ability to give route directions from a map. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 12:1992;175-185.
7. Braught S. E., Hall W. S., Dooling R. J. Plasticity of Development. 1991;MIT Press, Cambridge.
8. Bryant K. J. Personality correlates of sense of direction and geographical orientation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 43:1982;1318-1324.
9. Bryant K. J. Methodological convergence as an issue within environmental cognition research. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 4:1984;43-60.
10. Buchholtz C., Schmitz S. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede im Lernverhalten beim Menschen. 1992;Philipps-University, Marburg.
11. Caplan P. J., MacPherson G. M., Tobin P. Do sex-related differences in spatial abilities exist? A multilevel critique with new data. American Psychologist. 40:1985;786-799.
12. Ciompi L. Affects as central organising and integration factors. A new psychosocial/biological model of the psyche. British Journal of Psychiatry. 159:1991;97-105.
13. Cohen R. The Development of Spatial Cognition. 1985;Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates, New York.
14. Cohen R., Schuepfer T. The representation of landmarks and routes. Child Development. 51:1989;1065-1071.
15. Dawson G., Fischer K. W. Human Behavior and the Developing Brain. 1994;Guilford Press, New York.
16. Evans G. W. Environmental cognition. Psychological Bulletin. 88:1980;259-287.
17. Evans G. W., Marrero D. G., Butler P. A. Environmental learning and cognitive mapping. Environment and Behavior. 13:1981;83-104.
18. Gärling T., Böök A., Lindberg E., Nilsson T. Memory for the spatial layout of the everyday physical environment: Factors affecting rate of acquisition. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 1:1981;263-277.
19. Gärling T., Böök A., Ergezen N. Memory for the spatial layout of the everyday physical environment: Differential rates of acquisition of different types of information. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 23:1982;22-35.
20. Galea L. A. M., Kimura D. Sex differences in route-learning. Personality and Individual Differences. 14:1993;53-65.
21. Gibson K. R., Petersen A. C. Brain Maturation and Cognitive Development. Comparative and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Foundations of Human Behavior. 1991;Gryter, New York.
22. Golledge R. G. Environmental cognition. Stokols D., Altman I. Handbook of Environmental Psychology. 1987;Wiley, New York.
23. Golledge R. G., Ruggles A. J., Pellegrino J. W., Gale N. D. Integrating route knowledge in an unfamiliar neighbourhood: Along and across route experiments. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 13:1993;293-307.
24. Hazen N. L. Spatial exploration and spatial knowledge: individual and developmental differences in very young children. Child Development. 53:1982;826-833.
25. Hart R. A., Moore G. T. The development of spatial cognition. Downs R. M., Stea D. Image and Environment. 1973;Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago.
26. Harris L. J. Sex related variations in spatial skill. Liben L. S., Patterson A. H., Newcombe N. Spatial Representation and Behavior Across the Life Span. 1981;Academic Press, New York.
27. Hart R. A. Child's experience of place. 1979;Irvington, New York.
28. Herman J. F., Heins J. A., Cohen D. S. Children's spatial knowledge of their neighbourhood environment. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 8:1987a;1-15.
29. Herman J. F., Miller B. S., Shiraki J. H. The influence of affective associations on the development of cognitive maps of large environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 7:1987b;89-98.
30. Holding C. S., Holding D. H. Acquisition of route network knowledge by males and females. The Journal of General Psychology. 116:1989;29-41.
31. Kitchin R. M. Methodological convergence in cognitive mapping research: investigating configurational knowledge. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 16:1996a;163-185.
32. Kitchin R. M. Increasing the integrity of cognitive mapping research: appraising conceptual schemata of environment-behavior interaction. Progress in Human Geography. 20:1996b;56-84.
33. Kozlowski L. T., Bryant K. J. Sense of direction, spatial orientation, and cognitive maps. Journal of Experimental Psychology; Human Perception and Performance. 3:1977;590-598.
34. Kolb B. Brain Plasticity and Behavior. 1995;Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York.
35. Küller R. Environmental assessment from a neuropsychological perspective. Gärling T., Evans G. W. Environment, Cognition and Action. 1991;Oxford University Press. New York.
36. LaGrone G. W. Sex and personality differences in relation to feeling for direction. The Journal of General Psychology. 81:1969;23-33.
37. Lawton C. A. Gender differences in way-finding strategies: Relationship to spatial ability and spatial anxiety. Sex Roles. 30:1994;765-779.
38. Lawton C. A. Strategies for indoor wayfinding: The role of orientation. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 16:1996;137-145.
39. LeDoux J. E. Brain mechanisms of emotion and emotional learning. Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 2:1992;191-197.
40. Liben L. S. Spatial representation and behavior: multiple perspectives. Liben L. S., Patterson A. H., Newcombe N. Spatial Representation and Behavior Across the Life Span. 1981;Academic Press, New York.
41. Linn M. C., Petersen A. C. Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: a meta-analysis. Child Development. 56:1985;1479-1498.
42. Matthews M. H. Gender, graphicacy and geography. Educational Review. 38:1986;259-271.
43. Matthews M. H. Gender, home range and environmental cognition. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, New Series. 12:1987a;43-56.
44. Matthews M. H. Sex differences in spatial competence: the ability of young children to map 'primed' unfamiliar environments. Educational Psychology. 7:1987b;77-90.
45. Matthews M. H. Making Sense of Place. Children's Understanding of Large-Scale Environments. 1992;Noble Books, Hempstead.
46. McGlone J. Sex differences in human brain asymmetry: a critical survey. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 3:1980;215-227.
47. McGuinness D., Sparks J. Cognitive style and cognitive maps: Sex differences in representations of a familiar terrain. Journal of Mental Imagery. 7:1983;91-100.
48. Miller L. K., Santoni V. Sex differences in spatial abilities: strategic and experiential correlates. Acta Psychologica. 62:1986;225-235.
49. Montello D. R. The measurement of cognitive distance: Methods and construct validity. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 11:1991;101-122.
50. Montello D. R., Pick H. L. Integrating knowledge of vertically aligned large-scale spaces. Environment and Behavior. 25:1993;457-484.
51. Newcombe N. Spatial representation and behavior: retrospective and prospective. Liben L. S., Patterson A. H., Newcombe N. Spatial Representation and Behavior Across the Life Span. 1981;Academic Press, New York.
52. Newcombe N. Sex-related differences in spatial ability: Problems and gaps in current approaches. Potegal M. Spatial Abilities: Development and Physiological Foundation. 1982;Academic Press, New York.
53. Piaget J., Inhelder B. The Childs Conception of Space. 1967;Norton, New York.
54. Russel J. A., Snodgrass J. Emotion and the environment. Stokols D., Altman I. Handbook of Environmental Psychology. 1987;Wiley, New York.
55. Sadalla E. K., Montello D. R. Remembering changes in direction. Environment and Behavior. 21:1989;346-363.
56. Schmitz S. Geschlechtsspezifische Einflüsse der Angst auf Zeit- und Fehlerleistungen in Laby- rinthaufgaben zur Raumorientierung im Jugendalter. (Gender related influences of anxiety on time and error performance in visuospatial maze learning. Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädago- gische Psychologie. 17:1995;251-267.
57. Schmitz S. Gender-related strategies in wayfinding and acquisition of environmental knowledge: Effects of spatial anxiety and self-estimated competencies. (manuscript submitted for publication). 1997.
58. Self C. M., Gopal S., Golledge R. G., Fenstermaker S. Gender-related differences in spatial abilities. Progress in Human Geography. 16:1992;315-342.
59. Siegal A. W. The externalization of cognitive maps by children and adults: in search of ways to ask better questions. Liben L. S., Patterson A. H., Newcombe N. Spatial Representation and Behavior Across the Life Span. 1981;Academic Press, New York.
60. Siegel A. W., White S. H. The development of spatial representations of large-scale environments. Reese H. W. Advances in Child Development and Behavior. 1975;Academic Press, Vol. 10. New York.
61. Spence J. T., Helmreich R. L. Masculinity and Femininity: Their Psychological Dimensions, Correlates and Antecedents. 1979;University Press, Austin.
62. Tucker D. M. Neural and psychological maturation in a social context. Cicchetti C. The Emergence of a Discipline. Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology. 1989;Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New York.
63. Ward S. L., Newcombe N., Overton W. F. Turn left at the church, or three miles north. A study of direction giving and sex differences. Environment and Behavior. 18:1986;192-213.
64. Witelson S. F. Neuroanatomical sex differences: of consequences for cognition? The Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 11:1988;215-217.
65. Wieczerkowski W., Nickel H., Janowski A., Fittkau B., Rauer W. AFS - Angstfragebogen für Schüler. 1975;Hogrefe, Aufl. Göttingen.
66. Zimmermann B. Die Bedeutung von Leistungsmotivation, Angst und Geschlecht für die Lernleistung von Jugendlichen bei einem Handlabyrinthversuch. 1988;Philipps-University, Marburg.