Activating representations in permanent memory: Different benefits for pictures and words

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 1106-1121

  Seifert, Lauren S ^a,b,c  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MALONE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF AKRON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEARNING; LONG TERM MEMORY; MALE; PAIRED ASSOCIATE LEARNING; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PERCEPTION; REACTION TIME; RECALL; SEMANTICS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTENTION; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL RECALL; PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; REACTION TIME; RETENTION (PSYCHOLOGY); SEMANTICS; SIZE PERCEPTION; VERBAL LEARNING;

EID: 0031230792     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.23.5.1106     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Amrhein, P. C. (1994). Temporal invariance for picture-word translation: Evidence from drawing-writing and naming-reading tasks. Memory & Cognition, 22, 442-454.
2. Battig, W. F., & Montague, W. E. (1969). Category norms for verbal items in 56 categories: A replication and extension of the Connecticut category norms. Journal of Experimental Psychology Monographs, 80(3, Pt. 2).
3. Brown, W. (1915). Practice in associating color names with colors. Psychological Review, 22, 45-55.
4. Cattell, J. M. (1886). The time it takes to see and name objects. Mind, 11, 63-65.
5. Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. (1975). A spreading activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82, 407-428.
6. Fischler, I. (1977). Semantic facilitation without association in a lexical decision task. Memory & Cognition, 5, 335-339.
7. Fischler, I., & Goodman, G. O. (1978). Latency of associative activation in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4, 455-470.
8. Fodor, J. A. (1983). The modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
9. Fraisse, P. (1968). Motor and verbal reaction times to words and drawings. Psychonomic Science, 12, 235-236.
10. Glaser, W. R. (1992). Picture naming. Cognition, 42, 61-105.
11. Glaser, W. R., & Dungelhoff, F. (1984). The time course of picture-word interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 640-654.
12. Glaser, W. R., & Glaser, M. O. (1989). Context effects in Stroop-like word and picture processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 13-42.
13. Goldstein, E. B. (1989). Sensation and perception. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
14. Haase, S. J., & Theios, J. (1992, May). Conceptual categorization of lexical and pictorial stimuli. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
15. Hentschel, U. (1973). Two new interference tests compared to the Stroop color-word test. Psychological Research Bulletin, Lund University, 13, 1-24. (From Psychological Abstracts, 1974, 51, Abstract No. 8163)
16. Hentschel, U. (1973). Two new interference tests compared to the Stroop color-word test. Psychological Research Bulletin, Lund University, 13, 1-24. (From Psychological Abstracts, 1974, 51, Abstract No. 8163)
17. Hogaboam, T. W., & Pellegrino, J. W. (1978). Hunting for individual differences in cognitive processes: Verbal ability and semantic processing of pictures and words. Memory & Cognition, 6, 189-193.
18. Humphreys, G. W., Lloyd-Jones, T. J., & Fias, W. (1995). Semantic interference effects on naming using a postcue procedure: Tapping the links between semantics and phonology with pictures and words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 21, 961-980.
19. Irwin, D. I., & Lupker, S. J. (1983). Semantic priming of pictures and words: A levels of processing approach. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 45-60.
20. Job, R., Rumiati, R., & Lotto, L. (1992). The picture superiority effect in categorization: Visual or semantic? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 1019-1028.
21. Johnson, C. J., Paivio, A., & Clark, J. M. (1996). Cognitive components of picture naming. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 113-139.
22. Johnson, N. F., & Blum, A. J. (1988). When redundancy hurts letter detection: An attempt to define one condition. Perception & Psychophysics, 43, 147-155.
23. Johnson, N. F., & Pugh, K. R. (1994). A cohort model of visual word recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 26, 240-346.
24. Lund, F. H. (1927). The role of practice in speed of association. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 10, 424-434.
25. Lupker, S. J. (1979). The semantic nature of response competition in the picture-word interference task. Memory & Cognition, 7, 485-495.
26. McNeill, D. (1966). A study of word association. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 5, 548-557.
27. Paivio, A. (1971). Imagery and verbal processes. New York: Holt.
28. Pattee, J. J. (1982). A study of the associational responses to equivalent stimuli in English and Spanish of college students at three different levels of instruction in beginning Spanish courses. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
29. Postman, L., & Keppel, G. (Eds.). (1970). Norms of word association. New York: Academic Press.
30. Potter, M. C., & Faulconer, B. A. (1975). Time to understand pictures and words. Nature, 253, 437-438.
31. Quillian, M. R. (1968). Semantic memory. In M. Minsky (Ed.), Semantic information processing (pp. 216-270). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
32. Rosch, E., & Mervis, C. G. (1975). Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 573-605.
33. Rosinski, R. R. (1977). Picture-word interference is semantically based. Child Development, 48, 643-647.
34. Rosinski, R. R., Golinkoff, R. M., & Kukish, K. S. (1975). Automatic semantic processing in a picture-word interference task. Child Development, 46, 247-253.
35. Sailor, K. M. (1995, May). The effects of context on comparative judgment and property verification. Paper presented at the meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
36. Sailor, K. M., & Shoben, E. J. (1993). Effects of category membership on comparative judgment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 19, 1321-1327.
37. Seifert, L. S. (1994). The role of semantic memory in picture and word processing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
38. Seifert, L. S., & Johnson, N. F. (1994). On the naming of color words and color patches. Memory & Cognition, 22, 169-180.
39. Sholl, A., Sankaranarayanan, A., & Kroll, J. F. (1995). Transfer between picture naming and translations: A test of asymmetries in bilingual memory. Psychological Science, 6, 45-49.
40. Smith, M. C., & Magee, L. E. (1980). Tracing the time course of picture-word processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 373-392.
41. Snodgrass, J. G., & McCullough, B. (1986). The role of visual similarity in picture categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 147-154.
42. Snodgrass, J. G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 174-215.
43. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 18, 643-662.
44. Swinney, D. (1979). Lexical access during sentence comprehension: (Re)consideration of context effects. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18, 645-660.
45. Theios, J., & Amrhein, P. C. (1989a). The role of spatial frequency and visual detail in recognition of patterns and words. In C. Izawa (Ed.), Current issues in cognitive processes: The Tulane Flowerree Symposium on Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
46. Theios, J., & Amrhein, P. C. (1989b). Theoretical analysis of the cognitive processing of lexical and pictorial stimuli: Reading, naming, and visual and conceptual comparisons. Psychological Review, 96, 5-24.
47. Walls, W. F., & Siple, P. (1987, November). Similarity effects on semantic activation by pictures and words. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Seattle, WA.