Effects of Varying Levels of Expertise on the Basic Level of Categorization

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

Volumn 126, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 248-277

  Johnson, Kathy E ^a   Mervis, Carolyn B ^b  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Indiana Univ Purdue Univ I ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ANTHROPOLOGY; ARTICLE; BIRD; CLASSIFICATION; FISH; HEARING; HUMAN; KNOWLEDGE; METHODOLOGY; NOMENCLATURE; PERCEPTION; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; VISION; VOCALIZATION;

ANIMALS; ANTHROPOLOGY; AUDITORY PERCEPTION; BIRDS; CLASSIFICATION; DISCRIMINATION (PSYCHOLOGY); FISHES; HUMANS; KNOWLEDGE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; NAMES; PERCEPTION; RESEARCH DESIGN; VISUAL PERCEPTION; VOCALIZATION, ANIMAL;

EID: 0031230141     PISSN: 00963445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0096-3445.126.3.248     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Adams, A. K., & Bullock, D. (1986). Apprenticeship in word use: Social convergence processes in learning categorically related nouns. In S. A. Kuczaj & M. D. Barrett (Eds.), The development of word meaning: Progress in cognitive development research (pp. 155-197). New York: Springer-Verlag.
2. Anglin, J. M. (1977). Word, object, and conceptual development. New York: Norton & Company.
3. Atran, S. (1990). Cognitive foundations of natural history. New York: Cambridge University Press.
4. Atran, S. (1994). Core domains versus scientific theories: Evidence from systematics and Itza-Maya folkbiology. In L. A. Hirschfeld & S. A. Gelman (Eds.), Mapping the mind: Domain specificity in cognition and culture (pp. 316-340). New York: Cambridge University Press.
5. Axelrod, H. R., & Schultz, L. P. (1955). Handbook of tropical aquarium fishes. New York: McGraw-Hill.
6. Berlin, B. (1972). Speculations on the growth of ethnobotanical nomenclature. Journal of Language and Society, 1, 51-86.
7. Berlin, B. (1978). Ethnobiological classification. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization (pp. 9-26). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
8. Berlin, B. (1992). Ethnobiological classification: Principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
9. Berlin, B., Breedlove, D. E., & Raven, P. H. (1973). General principles of classification and nomenclature in folk biology. American Anthropologist, 75, 214-242.
10. Berlin, B., Breedlove, D. E., & Raven, P. H. (1974). Principles of Tzeltal plant classification: An introduction to the botanical ethnography of a Mayan-speaking people of Highland Chiapas. New York: Academic Press.
11. Borror, D. (1972). Bird song and bird behavior. New York: Dover.
12. Boster, J. S. (1986). Exchange of varieties and information between Aguaruna manioc cultivators. American Anthropologist, 88, 428-326.
13. Boster, J. S., & Johnson, J. C. (1989). Form or function: A comparison of expert and novice judgments of similarity among fish. American Anthropologist, 91, 866-889.
14. Carey, S. (1985). Conceptual change in childhood. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
15. Chi, M. T. H., Glaser, R., & Farr, M. J. (1988). The nature of expertise. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
16. Chi, M. T. H., Hutchinson, J. E., & Robin, A. F. (1989). How inferences about novel domain-related concepts can be constrained by structured knowledge. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 35, 27-62.
17. Chute, D. L. (1994). MacLaboratory for Psychology Research (Version 3.0) [Computer software]. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
18. Dougherty, J. W. D. (1978). Salience and relativity in classification. American Ethnologist, 5, 66-80.
19. Dougherty, J. W. D. (1979). Learning names for plants and plants for names. Anthropological Linguistics, 21, 298-315.
20. Gobbo, C., & Chi, M. (1986). How knowledge is structured and used by expert and novice children. Cognitive Development, 1, 221-237.
21. Honeck, R. P., Firment, M., & Case, T. J. S. (1987). Expertise and categorization. Journal of the Psychonomic Society, 25, 431-434.
22. Hunn, E. (1977). Tzeltal folk zoology: The classification of discontinuities in nature. New York: Academic Press.
23. Johnson, K. E. (1992). The effect of expertise on hierarchical systems of categorization. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
24. Johnson, K. E., & Mervis, C. B. (1994). Microgenetic analysis of first steps in children's acquisition of expertise on shorebirds. Developmental Psychology, 30, 418-435.
25. Johnson, K. E., Scott, P., & Mervis, C. B. (1997). Development of children's understanding of basic-subordinate inclusion relations. Developmental Psychology, 33, 745-763.
26. Jolicoeur, P., Gluck, M. A., & Kosslyn, S. M. (1984). Pictures and names: Making the connection. Cognitive Psychology, 16, 243-275.
27. Malt, B. C. (1995). Category coherence in cross-cultural perspective. Cognitive Psychology, 29, 85-148.
28. Markman, E. M. (1989). Categorization and naming in children: Problems of induction. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
29. Medin, D. L., Lynch, E. B., Coley, J. D., & Atran, S. (1997). Categorization and reasoning among tree experts: Do all roads lead to Rome? Cognitive Psychology, 32, 49-96.
30. Mervis, C. B. (1983). Acquisition of a lexicon. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8, 210-236.
31. Mervis, C. B. (1987). Child-basic object categories and early lexical development. In U. Neisser (Ed.), Concepts and conceptual development: Ecological and intellectual factors in categorization (pp. 201-233). New York: Cambridge University Press.
32. Murphy, G. L., & Brownell, H. H. (1985). Category differentiation in object recognition: Typicality constraints on the basic category advantage. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11, 70-84.
33. Neisser, U. (1987). From direct perception to conceptual structure. In U. Neisser (Ed.), Concepts and conceptual development: Ecological and intellectual factors in categorization (pp. 11-24). New York: Cambridge University Press.
34. Palmer, C. F., Jones, R. K., Hennessy, B. L., Unze, M. G., & Pick, A. D. (1989). How is a trumpet known? The "basic object level" concept and the perception of musical instruments. American Journal of Psychology, 102, 17-37.
35. Peterson, R. T. (1980). A field guide to the birds of eastern and central North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
36. Rosch, E. (1977). Human categorization. In N. Warren (Ed.), Studies in cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 1-49). New York: Academic Press.
37. Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization (pp. 27-48). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
38. Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W. D., Johnson, D. M., & Boyes-Braem, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 382-439.
39. Smith, L. B., & Heise, D. (1992). Perceptual similarity and conceptual structure. In B. Burns (Ed.), Percepts, concepts, and categories (pp. 233-272). New York: Elsevier Science.
40. Stross, B. (1969). Language acquisition by Tenejapa Tzeltal children. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
41. Stross, B. (1973). Acquisition of botanical terminology by Tzeltal children. In M. S. Edmonson (Ed.), Meaning in Mayan languages (pp. 107-141). The Hague, The Netherlands: Mouton.
42. Tanaka, J. W., & Taylor, M. (1991). Object categories and expertise: Is the basic level in the eye of the beholder? Cognitive Psychology, 23, 457-482.
43. Tversky, B., & Hemenway, K. (1984). Objects, parts, and categories. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 113, 169-197.
44. Walker, B. (1980). Tropical fish identifier. New York: Sterling.
45. Zim, H. S., & Gabrielson, I. N. (1949). Birds: A guide to the most familiar American birds. New York: Simon & Schuster.