Inoculating the urban poor in the late eighteenth century

British Journal for the History of Science

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 291-305

  May, Maisie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HEALTH; HISTORY; HUMAN; POVERTY; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICE; SMALLPOX; UNITED KINGDOM;

GREAT BRITAIN; HISTORY, 18TH CENTURY; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS; POVERTY; SMALLPOX; URBAN HEALTH;

EID: 0031226967     PISSN: 00070874     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0007087497003099     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. The main accounts I refer to here are Deborah Brunton, 'Pox Britannica: Smallpox Inoculation in Britain 1721-1830', Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1990; Charles Creighton, A History of Epidemics in Britain, 2 vols., Cambridge, 1894, ii; Genevieve Miller, The Adoption of Inoculation for Smallpox in England and France, Philadelphia, 1957; and Peter Razzell, The Conquest of Smallpox: The Impact of Inoculation on Smallpox Mortality in Eighteenth Century Britain, Sussex, 1977.
2. The main accounts I refer to here are Deborah Brunton, 'Pox Britannica: Smallpox Inoculation in Britain 1721-1830', Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1990; Charles Creighton, A History of Epidemics in Britain, 2 vols., Cambridge, 1894, ii; Genevieve Miller, The Adoption of Inoculation for Smallpox in England and France, Philadelphia, 1957; and Peter Razzell, The Conquest of Smallpox: The Impact of Inoculation on Smallpox Mortality in Eighteenth Century Britain, Sussex, 1977.
3. The main accounts I refer to here are Deborah Brunton, 'Pox Britannica: Smallpox Inoculation in Britain 1721-1830', Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1990; Charles Creighton, A History of Epidemics in Britain, 2 vols., Cambridge, 1894, ii; Genevieve Miller, The Adoption of Inoculation for Smallpox in England and France, Philadelphia, 1957; and Peter Razzell, The Conquest of Smallpox: The Impact of Inoculation on Smallpox Mortality in Eighteenth Century Britain, Sussex, 1977.
4. The main accounts I refer to here are Deborah Brunton, 'Pox Britannica: Smallpox Inoculation in Britain 1721-1830', Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1990; Charles Creighton, A History of Epidemics in Britain, 2 vols., Cambridge, 1894, ii; Genevieve Miller, The Adoption of Inoculation for Smallpox in England and France, Philadelphia, 1957; and Peter Razzell, The Conquest of Smallpox: The Impact of Inoculation on Smallpox Mortality in Eighteenth Century Britain, Sussex, 1977.
5. Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second (ed. G. H. Firth), 5 vols., 1914, v, 2468.
6. Macaulay, op. cit. (2), 2468.
7. Dr Perrot Williams to Dr Jurin, Secretary of the Royal Society, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1723), 32, 265.
8. Gentleman's Magazine (1796), 66, 112.
9. Gentleman's Magazine (1788), 58, 284.
10. Edgar M. Crookshank, History and Pathology of Vaccination. 2 vols., London, 1889, i, 56.
11. Brunton, op. cit. (1), 66-90.
12. 'Further hints about inoculation', Gentleman's Magazine (1752), 22, 511.
13. Creighton, op. cit. (1), 498.
14. William Buchan recommended that the clergy undertake inoculations as part of their duty. 'Common mechanics, have often to my knowledge, performed the operation with as good success as physicians.' William Buchan, Domestic Medicine, Edinburgh, 1807, 220.
15. I use 'public health' here to refer to the treatment of disease at the community level rather than in the sense associated with nineteenth-century reforms.
16. Razzell, op. cit. (1), 46.
17. Razzell, op. cit. (1), 83.
18. John Haygarth, A Sketch of a Plan to Exterminate the Casual Small Pox from Great Britain; and to Introduce General Inoculation, London, 1793, 186.
19. Miller, op. cit. (1).
20. Francis M. Lobo, 'John Haygarth, smallpox and religious dissent in eighteenth-century England', in The Medical Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century (ed. Andrew Cunningham and Robert French), Cambridge, 1990, 228.
21. See James Johnston Abraham, Lettsom: His Life, Times, Friends and Descendants, London, 1933, for details of Quaker philanthropy. Also J. C. Lettsom. Hints Designed to Promote Beneficence, Temperance and Medical Science, London, 1801.
22. See James Johnston Abraham, Lettsom: His Life, Times, Friends and Descendants, London, 1933, for details of Quaker philanthropy. Also J. C. Lettsom. Hints Designed to Promote Beneficence, Temperance and Medical Science, London, 1801.
23. Its full title was 'The General Dispensary for the Benefit of the Poor throughout London, Westminster and Southwark without Removing Them from their own Habitations'.
24. I. S. L. Loudon, 'The origins of the Dispensary Movement', Bulletin of the History of Medicine (1981), 55, 325.
25. Robert Kilpatrick, '"Living in the Light" : dispensaries, philanthropy and medical reform in late eighteenth-century London', in Cunningham and French, op. cit. (17), 254-80.
26. John Coakley Lettsom, Medical Memoires of the General Dispensary in London, for Part of the Years 1773-1774, London, 1774, p. v.
27. Lettsom, op. cit. (22), p. iv.
28. Lettsom, op. cit. (22), p. iv.
29. Lettsom, op. cit. (22), p. v.
30. Thomas Percival, 'Proposals for establishing more accurate and comprehensive Bills of Mortality in Manchester', in Essays Medical and Experimental, 2 vols., London, 1773, i, 433.
31. Percival, op. cit. (26), 429.
32. John Coakley Lettsom, A Letter to Sir Robert Barker, FRS and George Sracpoole Esq. Upon General Inoculation, London, 1778, 8.
33. Creighton, op. cit. (1), 507.
34. John Clark, Proposals for Promoting General Inoculation in Newcastle, Newcastle, 1786.
35. Clark, op. cit. (30).
36. Clark, op. cit. (30).
37. James Lucas, 'Remarks on febrile contagion', Gentleman's Magazine (1790), 60, 731.
38. Extract of a letter from James Currie to John Haygarth, 28 November 1791, in Haygarth, op. cit. (15), 449.
39. Lobo, op. cit. (17), 248.