Capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) for the characterization of humic substances

Water Research

Volumn 31, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 2037-2049

  Schmitt, Ph ^a   Garrison, A W ^a   Freitag, D ^b   Kettrup, A ^c  

^a U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^b INSTITUTE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Germany)

^c TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

Author keywords

Ampholytes; Borate; Capillary electrophoresis; CIEF; CZE; Fulvic acids; Humic acids; Interactions; Isoelectric focusing

Indexed keywords

DYES; ELECTROPHORESIS; FRACTIONATION; GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; IRON; PH; POLYVINYL ACETATES; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL); SOILS; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY;

AMPHOLYTES; BORATE; CAPILLARY ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING (CIEF); FULVIC ACIDS; HUMIC ACIDS;

ACIDS;

FULVIC ACID;

ARTICLE; CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; FRACTIONATION; GEL PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMIC SUBSTANCE; ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; PH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY;

EID: 0031214803     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00021-3     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Camilleri P. (ed.) (1993) Capillary Electrophoresis: Theory and Pratice, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
2. Ceccanti B. and Nannipieri P. (1979) Concerning the reliability of the isoelectric focusing technique to separate the soil humic acids. In Recent Developments in Chromatography and Electrophoresis, ed. A. Frizero and L. Renoz, pp. 225-232, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
3. Ceccanti B., Bertolucci M. T., Rustighi G. and Calcinai M. (1986) Isoelectric focusing of soil humic substances in the presence of 8 M urea. Biol. Fertil. Soils 2, 71-75.
4. Chen, S. R. and Wiktoromics, J. E. (1992) Isoelectric focusing by free solution capillary electrophoresis. Anal. Biochem. 206, 89-90.
5. Cherr G. N., Fan T. W., Pillai M. C., Schields T. and Higashi R. M. (1993) Electrophoretic separation, characterization, and quantification of biologically active lignin-derived macromolecules. Analyt. Biochem. 214, 521-527.
6. DeNobili M. (1988) Electrophoretic evidence of the integrity of humic substances separated by means of electrofocusing. J. Soil Sci. 39, 437-445.
7. DeNobili M., Cercignani G., Leita L. and Sequi P. (1986) Evaluation of organic matter stabilization in sewage sludge. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 17, 1109-1119.
8. DeNobili M., Bragato G., Alcaniz J. M., Puigbo A. and Comellas L. (1990) Characterization of electrophoretic fractions of humic substances with different electrofocusing behavior. Soil Sci. 150, 763-770.
9. Hoffstetter-Kuhn S., Paulus A., Gassmann E. and Widmer H. M. (1991) Influence of borate complexation on the electrophoretic behavior of carbohydrates in capillary electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 63, 1541-1547.
10. Garrison A. W., Schmitt Ph. and Kettrup A. (1995) Capillary electrophoresis for the characterization of humic substances. Wat. Res. 29, 2149-2159.
11. Gjessing E. T. and Gjerdhal T. (1975) Electromobility of aquatic humus: fractionation by the use of isoelectric focusing technique, discussion. In Humic Substances: Their Structure and Function in the Biosphere, Proceedings of the International Meeting held in Nieuwerluis, The Netherlands, ed. P. Povoledo and H. L. Golterman, pp. 43-53, Center for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation.
12. Gianazza E. and Righetti P. G. (1978) Binding of polyanions to carrier ampholytes in isoelectric focusing. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 540, 357-364.
13. Govi M., Bonoretti G., Ciavatta C. and Sequi P. (1994) Characterization of soil organic matter using isoelectric focusing: a comparison of six commercial carrier ampholytes. Soil Sci. 157, 91-96.
14. Malcolm R. L. (1991) Humic substances in the aquatic and terrestrial environment. In Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences No. 33, ed. B. Allard, H. Boren and A. Grimvall, pp. 9-36, Springer, Berlin.
15. Malcolm R. L. and MacCarthy P. (1991) Advances in Soil Organic Matter Research: The Impact on Agriculture and the Environment, ed. W. S. Wilson, pp. 23-34, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, U.K.
16. Righetti P. G., Brown R. P. and Stone A. L. (1978) Aggregation of ampholine on heparin and other acidic polysaccharides in isoelectric focusing. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 542, 232-244.
17. Righetti P. G., Gianazza E. and Bosisio A. B. (1979) Biochemical and clinical applications of isoelectric focusing. In Recent Developments in Chromatography and Electrophoresis, ed. A. Frizero and L. Renoz, pp. 1-37, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
18. Schmitt Ph., Trapp I., Garrison A. W., Freitag D. and Kettrup A. (1997) Binding of s-triazines to dissolved humic substances: electrophoretic approaches using affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) and micellar selectrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Chemosphere (in press).
19. Schmitt Ph., Kettrup A., Freitag D. and Garrison A. W. (1996) Flocculation of humic substances with metal ions as followed by capillary zone electrophoresis. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 354, 915-920.
20. Schnitzer M and Preston C. M. (1986) Analysis of humic acids by solution and solid state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50, 326-331.
21. Shevchenko S. and Bailey G. (1996) Life after death: Lignin-humic relationships re-examined. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 26, 95-153.
22. Tang Q., Harrata A. K. and Lee C. S. (1995) Capillary electric focusing-electrospray mass spectrometry for protein analysis. Anal. Chem. 67, 3515-3519.
23. Thurman E. M. and Malcolm R. L. (1981) Preparative isolation of aquatic humic substances. Environ. Sci. Technol. 15, 463-466.
24. Zhang D. and Lu S. (1987) An assessment of the separation and analysis of humic substance by isoelectric focusing (IEF) method. Sci. Total Environ. 62, 89-96.