Natural therapeutic holding: A non-aversive alternative to the use of control and restraint in the management of violence for people with learning disabilities

Journal of Advanced Nursing

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 304-311

  Stirling, Christopher ^a   McHugh, Albert ^b  

^a N Staffordshire Housing Consortium   (United Kingdom)

^b St Edward's Hospital   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Control and restraint; Learning disability; Natural therapeutic holding; Violence

Indexed keywords

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE; ARTICLE; EXERCISE; HUMAN; LEGAL ASPECT; MEDICAL ETHICS; MENTAL DEFICIENCY; METHODOLOGY; NURSING; NURSING EVALUATION RESEARCH; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RESIDENTIAL CARE; STANDARD; VIOLENCE;

ETHICS, NURSING; HUMANS; MENTAL RETARDATION; NURSING AUDIT; NURSING EVALUATION RESEARCH; RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT; RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL; THERAPEUTIC TOUCH; VIOLENCE;

EID: 0031204987     PISSN: 03092402     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997026304.x     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Aschen S.R. (1995) Restraint: does position make a difference? Issues in Mental Health Nursing 16, 87-92.
2. Ashton G. & Ward A. (1992) Mental Handicap and the Law. Sweet and Maxwell, London.
3. Bath H. (1994) The physical restraint of children: is it therapeutic? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 64(1), 40-49.
4. Beck J.C. (1987) The potentially violent patient: legal duties, clinical practice and management. Psychiatric Annals 17(10), 695-699.
5. Bowlby J. (1973) Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2. Separation, Anxiety and Anger. Basic Books, New York.
6. Bowlby J. (1988) A Secure Base. Basic Books, New York.
7. Brandon D. (1990) Gentle teaching. Nursing Times 86(2), 62-63.
8. Cline F.W. (1979) What Shall we Do with this Kid? Understanding and Treating the Disturbed Child. Evergreen Consultants, Evergreen.
9. Conboy-Hill S. (1993) Gentle teaching. Nursing Times 89(9), 63-64.
10. Council of Europe (1956) European Convention on Human Rights. Council of Europe, Strasbourg.
11. Crowhurst G. (1992) Gently does it. Nursing Times 88(7), 65-66.
12. Davidhizzar R. (1991) The how to's of touch. Advanced Clinical Care 6(6), 14.
13. Department of Health & Social Security (1976a) The Management of Violent Situations. HMSO, London.
14. Department of Health & Social Security (1976b) Management of the Violent or Potentially Violent Individual. HMSO, London.
15. Department of Health & Social Security (1988) Report of the DHSS Advisory Committee on Violence to Staff. HMSO, London.
16. Department of Health (1993a) Guidance on Permissable Forms of Control in Children's Residential Homes. HMSO, London.
17. nd edn. HMSO, London.
18. English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery & Health Visiting (1993) Coping with Violence and Aggression. ENB, London.
19. Ewals D. (1978) Report of the Committee of the Enquiry into Normansfield Hospital. HMSO, London.
20. Frick W.B. & Jacobs B. (1994) Humanistic: a brief introduction into humanistic psychology. Handbook of Aggressive and Destructive Behaviour in Psychiatric Patients (Hersen M., Ammerman R.T. & Sisson L.A. eds), Plenum Press, New York.
21. Friedman R.A. (1970) A 'rage-reduction' diagnosis technique with young children. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 1, 112-125.
22. General Assembly of the United Nations (1948) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Resolution 217 (A). United Nations, New York.
23. Gillon R. (1986) Philosophical and Medical Ethics. John Wiley, London.
24. Gregory H.H. & Bonfiglio R.P. (1995) Limiting restraint use for behaviour control: the brain injury rehabilitation unit as a model. Maryland Medical Journal 44(4), 279-283.
25. Goffman E. (1968) Asylums. Pelican, Harmondsworth.
26. Health & Safety Commission (1987) Violence to Staff in Health Services. HMSO, London.
27. Health & Safety Executive (1989) Violence to Staff. HMSO, London.
28. Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) England and Wales. HMSO, London.
29. Hegarty J.R. & Gale E. (1996) Touch as a therapeutic medium for people with challenging behaviour. British Journal of Learning Disabilities 24(1), 26-32.
30. Hobbs D. (1995) Bringing People Together: Discussion Notes on the Principals and Values of Gentle Teaching. Hexagon, Croyden.
31. The Criminal Law Act (1967) England and Wales. HMSO, London.
32. Hopton J. (1993) The contradictions of mental health nursing. Nursing Standard 8(11), 37-39.
33. Hopton J. (1995) Control and restraint in contemporary psychiatric nursing: some ethical considerations. Journal of Advanced Nursing 22, 110-115.
34. Jones P. (1988) Mental Health Act Manual 2nd edn. Sweet and Maxwell, London.
35. La Vigna G.W. & Donellan A.M. (1986) Alternatives to Punishment. Irvington, New York.
36. La Vigna G.W., Willis T.J. & Donellan A.M. (1989) The role of positive programming in behaviour treatment. In The Treatment of Severe Behaviour Disorders (Cipani E. ed.), American Association of Mental Deficiency, Washington, District of Columbia.
37. Masson J. (1990) Against Therapy. Fontana, London.
38. McGee J.J. (1985a) Gentle teaching. Mental Handicap in New Zealand 9, 13-24.
39. McGee J.J. (1985b) Examples of the use of gentle teaching. Mental Handicap in New Zealand 9, 11-20.
40. McGee J.J. (1990) Gentle teaching: the basic tenet. Nursing Times 89(9), 63-64.
41. McGee J.J., Menolascino F.J., Hobbs D.C. & Menousek P.E. (1987a) Gentle Teaching: A Non- Aversive Approach to Helping Persons with Mental Retardation. Human Sciences, New York.
42. McGee J.J., Menousek P.E. & Hobbs D.C. (1987b) Gentle teaching; an alternative to punishment for people with challenging behaviours. In Community Integration for People with Severe Learning Disabilities (Taylor S. J, Biklen P, Knoll J. eds), Teachers College Press, London.
43. McHugh A., Wain I. & West M. (1995) Handle with care. Nursing Times 91(6), 62-63.
44. Millar W.H. & Reswick M.P. (1991) Restraining the violent pregnant patient. American Journal of Psychiatry 148(2), 269.
45. Millar D., Walker M.C. & Friedman D. (1989) Use of holding technique to control the violent behaviour of seriously disturbed adolescents. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 40(5), 521-524.
46. Morrison E.F. (1991) The evolution of a concept: aggression and violence in psychiatric settings. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 8(4), 245-253.
47. Naylor V. & Clifton M. (1993) People with learning disabilities: meeting complex needs. Health and Social Care in the Community 1(6), 343-353.
48. Newsome C., Favell J.E. & Pincover A. (1983) The side effects of punishment. In The Effects of Punishment on Human Behaviour (Axelrod S. & Apsche J. eds), Academic Press, New York.
49. Paisey T.J.H., Whitney R.B. & Moore J. (1989) Person treatment interactions across non-aversive response-deceleration procedures for self injury: a case study of effects and side effects. Behavioural Residential Treatment 4(2), 69-86.
50. Pepp A.C. & Singh N.N. (1990) Perspectives on the Use of Non-Aversive and Aversive Interactions. Sycamore Publications, New York.
51. Rawls J. (1992) A Theory of Justice. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
52. Reeves S. (1994) Punishing interventions. Nursing Times 7(49), 57-58.
53. Richie S. (1985) Report to the Secretary of State for Social Services Concerning the Death of Michael Martin. SHSA, London.
54. Riehl J.P. (1980) The Riehl Interactionist Model. In Conceptual Models for Nursing Practice (Riehl J. P. & Roy C. eds), Appleton Century Crofts, Norwalk, Connecticut.
55. Rogers C. (1951) Client-Centred Therapy. Houghton Mifflin, Boston.
56. Royal College of Nursing (1992) Seclusion, Control and Restraint. RCN, London.
57. Royal College of Nursing (1993) Approaching with care: violence at work. Nursing Standard 7(52), 3-13.
58. Sashidharan S.P. (1994) Opposing and resisting. Asylum 8(1), 31-34.
59. Stevenson S. (1991) Heading off violence with verbal de-escalation. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 29(9), 6-10.
60. Stilling L. (1992) The pros and cons of physical restraints and behaviour controls. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing 30(3), 18-20.
61. Talton C.W. (1995) Touch (of all kinds) is therapeutic. RN 58(2), 61-64.
62. Tarbuck P. (1992a) Ethical standards and human rights. Nursing Standard 7(6), 27-30.
63. Tarbuck P. (1992b) Use and abuse of control and restraint. Nursing Standard 6(52), 30-33.
64. Thayer M.B. (1990) Touching with intent: using therapeutic touch. Paediatric Nursing 16(1), 70-72.
65. Tschudin V. (1992) Ethics in Nursing: The Caring Relationship 2nd edn. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford.
66. Tschudin V. (1994) Ethics: Nursing People with Special Needs. Scutari Press, Harrow.
67. United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery & Health Visiting (1993) Code of Professional Conduct 2nd edn. UKCC, London.
68. Vavier J. (1988) The Broken Body. Longman and Todd, London.
69. Welch M.G. (1988) Holding Time. Simon and Schuster, New York.
70. West K. (1990) An assessment of the use of seclusion and restraint on a psychiatric continued treatment unit. PhD thesis, The Union Institute, London.
71. Wolfensburger W. (1972) The Principal of Normalisation. CAMR, Toronto.
72. Wolfensburger W. (1974) Origins and Nature of Institutions. Human Policy Press, Syracuse.
73. Young P.A. (1994) Law and Professional Conduct in Nursing 2nd edn. Scutari Press, Harrow.
74. Zazlow R.W. & Menta M. (1975) The Psychology of the Z Process: Attachment and Activation. San José State University Press, San José.