Do general circulation models underestimate the natural variability in the arctic climate?

Journal of Climate

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 1909-1920

  Battisti, D S ^a   Bitz, C M ^a   Moritz, R E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; SEA ICE; SIMULATION;

ARCTIC CLIMATE;

CLIMATOLOGY;

ACON; ATMOSPHERE-ICE-OCEAN SYSTEM; CLIMATE VARIABILITY;

ARCTIC;

EID: 0031200765     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1909:DGCMUT>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Barsugli, J., 1995: Idealized models of intrinsic midlatitude atmosphere-ocean interaction. Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington, 189 pp. [Available from UMI Catalog 9609579.]
2. Bitz, C M., D. S. Battisti, R. E. Moritz, and J. A. Beesley, 1996: Low-frequency variability in the arctic atmosphere, sea ice, and upper-ocean system. J. Climate, 9, 394-408.
3. Boyle, J. E., 1993: Sensitivity of dynamical quantities to horizontal resolution for a climate simulation using the ECMWF (cycle 33) model. J. Climate, 6, 796-815.
4. Flato, G. M., 1995: Spatial and temporal variability of arctic ice thickness. Ann. Glaciol. 21, 323-29.
5. Häkkinen, S., 1993: An Arctic source for the great salinity anomaly: A simulation of the Arctic ice-ocean system for 1955-1975. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16397-16410.
6. _, and G. L. Mellor, 1990: One hundred years of Arctic ice cover variations as simulated by a one-dimensional, ice-ocean model. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 15 959-15 969.
7. Held, I. M., and P. J. Phillipps, 1993: Sensitivity of the eddy momentum flux to meridional resolution in atmospheric GCMs. J. Climate, 6, 499-507.
8. Houghton, J. T., G. J. Jenkins, and J. J. Ephraums, Eds., 1990: Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment. Cambridge, 365 pp.
9. Hunt, B. G., B. Gordon, and H. L. Davies, 1995: Impact of the Greehouse Effect on sea ice characteristics and snow accumulation in the polar regions. Int. J. Climatol., 15, 3-23.
10. Jenkins, G. M., and D. G. Watts, 1968: Spectral Analysis and Its Applications. Holden-Day, 524 pp.
11. Lau, N. C., S. G. H. Philander, and M. J. Nath, 1992: Simulation of El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon with a low-resolution coupled general circulation model of the global ocean and atmosphere. J. Climate, 5, 284-307.
12. MacKay, R. M., and M. A. K. Khalil, 1991: Theory and development of a one dimensional time dependent radiative convective climate model. Chemosphere, 22, 383-417.
13. Manabe, S. J., and R. J. Stouffer, 1996: Low-frequency variability of surface air temperature in a 1000-year integration of a coupled atmosphere-ocean-land model. J. Climate, 9, 376-393.
14. 2. Part I. Annual mean response. J. Climate, 4, 785-818.
15. 2. II. Seasonal response. J. Climate, 5, 105-126.
16. McLaren, A. S., R. H. Bourke, J. E. Walsh, and R. L. Weaver, 1994: Variability in sea-ice thickness over the North Pole from 1958 to 1992. Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, O. M. Johannessen, R. D. Muench, and J. E. Overland, Eds., Amer. Geophys. Union, 363-371.
17. Mitchell, J. F. B., T, C. Johns, J. M. Gregory, and S. F. B. Tett, 1994: Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulfale aerosols. Nature, 376, 501-504.
18. Moritz, R, E., J. E. Curry, A. S. Thorndike, and N. Untersteiner, Eds., 1993: A research program on the surface heat budget of the Arctic Ocean. OAII Science Management Office, 34 pp.
19. Nakamura, N., and A. H. Oort, 1988: Atmospheric heat budgets of the polar regions. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 9510-9524.
20. Overland, J. E., and P. Turet, 1994: Variability of the atmospheric energy flux across 70 N computed from the GFDL data set. Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, O. M. Johannessen, R. D. Muench, and J. E. Overland, Eds., Amer. Geophys. Union, 540 pp.
21. Reif, F., 1965: Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics. McGraw-Hill. 651 pp.
22. Semtner, A. J., 1976: A model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigations of climate. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 6, 379-389.
23. Thorndike, A. S., 1992: A toy model linking atmospheric thermal radiation and sea ice growth. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9401-9410.
24. Walsh, J. E., W. D. Hibier, and B. Ross, 1985: Numerical simultion of Northern Hemisphere sea ice variability 1951-1980. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4847-4865.