메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 117, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 391-398

Physiological and respiratory responses of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) to salinity acclimation

Author keywords

cortisol; gill Na+; growth hormone; K+ ATPase; osmoregulation; oxygen consumption; prolactin; salinity; tilapia

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE (POTASSIUM SODIUM); GROWTH HORMONE; HYDROCORTISONE; PROLACTIN; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

EID: 0031195087     PISSN: 03009629     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0300-9629(96)00261-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (155)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0011209498 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption and respiratory behaviour of three nile fishes
    • Abdel Magid A.M., Babiker M.M. Oxygen consumption and respiratory behaviour of three nile fishes. Hydrobiologia. 46:1975;359-367.
    • (1975) Hydrobiologia , vol.46 , pp. 359-367
    • Abdel Magid, A.M.1    Babiker, M.M.2
  • 2
    • 0002848403 scopus 로고
    • Volume regulation of muscle cells in the euryhaline teleost, Tilapia mossambica
    • Assem H., Hanke W. Volume regulation of muscle cells in the euryhaline teleost, Tilapia mossambica. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 64A:1979;17-23.
    • (1979) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.64 , pp. 17-23
    • Assem, H.1    Hanke, W.2
  • 3
    • 0002848405 scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of carbohydrates during osmotic adjustment of the euryhaline teleost, Tilapia mossambica
    • Assem H., Hanke W. Concentrations of carbohydrates during osmotic adjustment of the euryhaline teleost, Tilapia mossambica. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 64A:1979;5-16.
    • (1979) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.64 , pp. 5-16
    • Assem, H.1    Hanke, W.2
  • 4
    • 0019522273 scopus 로고
    • Cortisol and osmotic adjustment of the euryhaline teleost, Sarotherodon mossambicus
    • Assem H., Hanke W. Cortisol and osmotic adjustment of the euryhaline teleost, Sarotherodon mossambicus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 43:1981;370-380.
    • (1981) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.43 , pp. 370-380
    • Assem, H.1    Hanke, W.2
  • 5
    • 0028877779 scopus 로고
    • Absence of a tiGH effect on adaptability to brackish water in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
    • Auperin B., Leguen I., Rentier-Delrue F., Smal J., Prunet P. Absence of a tiGH effect on adaptability to brackish water in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 97:1995;145-159.
    • (1995) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.97 , pp. 145-159
    • Auperin, B.1    Leguen, I.2    Rentier-Delrue, F.3    Smal, J.4    Prunet, P.5
  • 6
    • 0027470425 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acclimation to hypertonic environment on plasma and pituitary levels of two prolactins and growth hormone in two species of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus and Oreochromis niloticus
    • Ayson F.G., Kaneko T., Tagawa M., Hasegawa S., Grau E.G., Nishioka R.S., King D.S., Bern H.A., Hirano T. Effects of acclimation to hypertonic environment on plasma and pituitary levels of two prolactins and growth hormone in two species of tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus and Oreochromis niloticus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 89:1993;138-148.
    • (1993) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.89 , pp. 138-148
    • Ayson, F.G.1    Kaneko, T.2    Tagawa, M.3    Hasegawa, S.4    Grau, E.G.5    Nishioka, R.S.6    King, D.S.7    Bern, H.A.8    Hirano, T.9
  • 8
    • 0029136909 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of interrenal function in freshwater and sea water adapted tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)
    • Balm P.H.M., Haenen H.E.M.G., Wendelaar Bonga S.E. Regulation of interrenal function in freshwater and sea water adapted tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 14:1995;37-47.
    • (1995) Fish Physiol. Biochem. , vol.14 , pp. 37-47
    • Balm, P.H.M.1    Haenen, H.E.M.G.2    Wendelaar Bonga, S.E.3
  • 9
    • 84953598044 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic cost of acute physical stress in juvenile steelhead
    • Barton B.A., Schreck C.B. Metabolic cost of acute physical stress in juvenile steelhead. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 116:1987;257-263.
    • (1987) Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. , vol.116 , pp. 257-263
    • Barton, B.A.1    Schreck, C.B.2
  • 10
    • 67449133791 scopus 로고
    • Swimming capacity
    • W.S. Hoar, & D.J. Randall. New York: Academic Press
    • Beamish F.W.H. Swimming capacity. Hoar W.S., Randall D.J. Fish Physiology, Vol. VII. 1978;101-187 Academic Press, New York.
    • (1978) Fish Physiology, Vol. VII , pp. 101-187
    • Beamish, F.W.H.1
  • 11
    • 0027930408 scopus 로고
    • Effects of environmental salinity on pituitary growth hormone content and cell activity in the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus
    • Borski R.J., Yoshikawa J.S.M., Madsen S.S., Nishioka R.S., Zabetian C., Bern H.A., Grau E.G. Effects of environmental salinity on pituitary growth hormone content and cell activity in the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 95:1994;483-494.
    • (1994) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.95 , pp. 483-494
    • Borski, R.J.1    Yoshikawa, J.S.M.2    Madsen, S.S.3    Nishioka, R.S.4    Zabetian, C.5    Bern, H.A.6    Grau, E.G.7
  • 12
    • 0000157296 scopus 로고
    • The effect of temperature on routine metabolism in Tilapia rendalli Boulenger
    • Caulton M.S. The effect of temperature on routine metabolism in Tilapia rendalli Boulenger. J. Fish Biol. 11:1977;549-553.
    • (1977) J. Fish Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 549-553
    • Caulton, M.S.1
  • 13
    • 84985047102 scopus 로고
    • The effect of temperature and mass on routine metabolism in Sarotherodon (Tilapia) mossambicus (Peters)
    • Caulton M.S. The effect of temperature and mass on routine metabolism in Sarotherodon (Tilapia) mossambicus (Peters). J. Fish Biol. 13:1978;195-201.
    • (1978) J. Fish Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 195-201
    • Caulton, M.S.1
  • 14
    • 0002313755 scopus 로고
    • Respirometry
    • C.B. Schreck, & P.B. Moyle. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society
    • Cech J.J. Respirometry. Schreck C.B., Moyle P.B. Methods for Fish Biology. 1990;335-363 American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.
    • (1990) Methods for Fish Biology , pp. 335-363
    • Cech, J.J.1
  • 15
    • 0015736420 scopus 로고
    • Sodium-retaining bioassay of prolactin in the intact teleost Tilapia mossambica acclimated to sea water
    • Clarke W.C. Sodium-retaining bioassay of prolactin in the intact teleost Tilapia mossambica acclimated to sea water. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 21:1973;498-512.
    • (1973) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.21 , pp. 498-512
    • Clarke, W.C.1
  • 16
    • 0001604943 scopus 로고
    • +-ATPase activity during osmotic adjustments in two freshwater euryhaline teleosts, tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus) and orange chromid (Etroplus maculatus)
    • +-ATPase activity during osmotic adjustments in two freshwater euryhaline teleosts, tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus) and orange chromid (Etroplus maculatus). Mar. Biol. 87:1985;101-107.
    • (1985) Mar. Biol. , vol.87 , pp. 101-107
    • Dange, A.D.1
  • 17
    • 0016666050 scopus 로고
    • Environmental salinity and sodium and chloride exchanges across the gill of Tilapia mossambica
    • Dharmamba M., Bornancin M., Maetz J. Environmental salinity and sodium and chloride exchanges across the gill of Tilapia mossambica. J. Physiol. Paris. 70:1975;627-636.
    • (1975) J. Physiol. Paris , vol.70 , pp. 627-636
    • Dharmamba, M.1    Bornancin, M.2    Maetz, J.3
  • 18
    • 0001474015 scopus 로고
    • The roles of gill permeability and transport mechanisms in euryhalinity
    • W.S. Hoar, & D.J. Randall. New York: Academic Press
    • Evans D.H. The roles of gill permeability and transport mechanisms in euryhalinity. Hoar W.S., Randall D.J. Fish Physiology, Vol. XB. 1984;239-283 Academic Press, New York.
    • (1984) Fish Physiology, Vol. XB , pp. 239-283
    • Evans, D.H.1
  • 19
    • 0001484037 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption of Tilapia nilotica in relation to swimming speed and salinity
    • Farmer G.J., Beamish F.W.H. Oxygen consumption of Tilapia nilotica in relation to swimming speed and salinity. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 26:1969;2807-2821.
    • (1969) J. Fish. Res. Board Can. , vol.26 , pp. 2807-2821
    • Farmer, G.J.1    Beamish, F.W.H.2
  • 20
    • 0002513141 scopus 로고
    • Energy partitioning in fish: The activity-related cost of osmoregulation in a euryhaline cichlid
    • Febry R., Lutz P. Energy partitioning in fish. The activity-related cost of osmoregulation in a euryhaline cichlid J. Exp. Biol. 128:1987;63-85.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.128 , pp. 63-85
    • Febry, R.1    Lutz, P.2
  • 21
    • 0001413451 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of the chloride extrusion mechanism during seawater adaptation of a teleost fish, the cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus
    • Foskett J.K., Lodgson C.D., Turner T., Machen T.E., Bern H.A. Differentiation of the chloride extrusion mechanism during seawater adaptation of a teleost fish, the cichlid Sarotherodon mossambicus. J. Exp. Biol. 93:1981;209-224.
    • (1981) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.93 , pp. 209-224
    • Foskett, J.K.1    Lodgson, C.D.2    Turner, T.3    Machen, T.E.4    Bern, H.A.5
  • 22
    • 0020973006 scopus 로고
    • Chloride cells and the hormonal control of teleost fish osmoregulation
    • Foskett J.K., Bern H.A., Machen T.E., Conner M. Chloride cells and the hormonal control of teleost fish osmoregulation. J. Exp. Biol. 106:1983;255-281.
    • (1983) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.106 , pp. 255-281
    • Foskett, J.K.1    Bern, H.A.2    Machen, T.E.3    Conner, M.4
  • 24
    • 0001094332 scopus 로고
    • Blood and circulation
    • C.B. Schreck, & P.B. Moyle. Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society
    • Houston A.H. Blood and circulation. Schreck C.B., Moyle P.B. Methods for Fish Biology. 1990;273-334 American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.
    • (1990) Methods for Fish Biology , pp. 273-334
    • Houston, A.H.1
  • 25
    • 0001436150 scopus 로고
    • Tolerance and ultrastructural responses of branchial chloride cells to salinity changes in the euryhaline teleost Oreochromis mossambicus
    • Hwang P.P. Tolerance and ultrastructural responses of branchial chloride cells to salinity changes in the euryhaline teleost Oreochromis mossambicus. Mar. Biol. 94:1987;643-649.
    • (1987) Mar. Biol. , vol.94 , pp. 643-649
    • Hwang, P.P.1
  • 26
    • 0000087369 scopus 로고
    • +-ATPase activity in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus during seawater acclimation
    • +-ATPase activity in tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus during seawater acclimation. Mar. Biol. 100:1989;295-299.
    • (1989) Mar. Biol. , vol.100 , pp. 295-299
    • Hwang, P.P.1    Sun, C.M.2    Wu, S.M.3
  • 27
    • 0000900191 scopus 로고
    • The effects of five fish anesthetics on acid-base balance, hematocrit, blood gases, cortisol, and adrenaline in rainbow trout
    • Iwama G.K., McGeer J.C., Pawluk M.P. The effects of five fish anesthetics on acid-base balance, hematocrit, blood gases, cortisol, and adrenaline in rainbow trout. Can. J. Zool. 67:1989;2065-2073.
    • (1989) Can. J. Zool. , vol.67 , pp. 2065-2073
    • Iwama, G.K.1    McGeer, J.C.2    Pawluk, M.P.3
  • 28
    • 0000770467 scopus 로고
    • The respiratory metabolism of Tilapia mossambica (Teleostei). I. The effect of size, temperature and salinity
    • Job S.V. The respiratory metabolism of Tilapia mossambica (Teleostei). I. The effect of size, temperature and salinity. Mar. Biol. 2:1969;121-126.
    • (1969) Mar. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 121-126
    • Job, S.V.1
  • 29
    • 0026771370 scopus 로고
    • +-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in the gill and opercular epithelium of O. mossambicus adapted to various salinities
    • +-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase in the gill and opercular epithelium of O. mossambicus adapted to various salinities. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 102B:1992;293-301.
    • (1992) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.102 , pp. 293-301
    • Kültz, D.1    Bastrop, R.2    Jürss, K.3    Siebers, D.4
  • 30
    • 0001321436 scopus 로고
    • Effect of 17α-methyltestosterone on the growth of the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, in fresh water and in sea water
    • Kuwaye T.T., Okimoto D.K., Shimoda S.K., Howerton R.D., Lin H.R., Pang P.K.T., Grau E.G. Effect of 17α-methyltestosterone on the growth of the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, in fresh water and in sea water. Aquaculture. 113:1993;137-152.
    • (1993) Aquaculture , vol.113 , pp. 137-152
    • Kuwaye, T.T.1    Okimoto, D.K.2    Shimoda, S.K.3    Howerton, R.D.4    Lin, H.R.5    Pang, P.K.T.6    Grau, E.G.7
  • 31
    • 0025152144 scopus 로고
    • Cortisol directly stimulates differentiation of chloride cells in tilapia opercular membrane
    • McCormick S.D. Cortisol directly stimulates differentiation of chloride cells in tilapia opercular membrane. Am. J. Physiol. 259:1990;R857-R863.
    • (1990) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.259 , pp. 857-R863
    • McCormick, S.D.1
  • 33
    • 77956844335 scopus 로고
    • Chemical properties of the blood
    • W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall, & A.P. Farrell. San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • McDonald D.G., Milligan C.L. Chemical properties of the blood. Hoar W.S., Randall D.J., Farrell A.P. Fish Physiology, Vol. XIIB. 1992;55-133 Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
    • (1992) Fish Physiology, Vol. XIIB , pp. 55-133
    • McDonald, D.G.1    Milligan, C.L.2
  • 34
    • 0022081338 scopus 로고
    • Cortisol dynamics during seawater adaptation of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
    • Nichols D.J., Weisbart M. Cortisol dynamics during seawater adaptation of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Am. J. Physiol. 248:1985;R651-R659.
    • (1985) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.248 , pp. 651-R659
    • Nichols, D.J.1    Weisbart, M.2
  • 35
    • 0019590498 scopus 로고
    • Blood and pituitary prolactin levels in tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus; Teleostei) from different salinities as measured by a homologous radioimmunoassay
    • Nicoll C.S., Walker Wilson S.W., Nishioka R., Bern H. Blood and pituitary prolactin levels in tilapia (Sarotherodon mossambicus; Teleostei) from different salinities as measured by a homologous radioimmunoassay. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 44:1981;365-373.
    • (1981) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.44 , pp. 365-373
    • Nicoll, C.S.1    Walker Wilson, S.W.2    Nishioka, R.3    Bern, H.4
  • 36
    • 0014168830 scopus 로고
    • Sodium and water balance in the cichlid teleost, Tilapia mossambica
    • Potts W.T.W., Foster M.A., Rudy P.P., Howells G.P. Sodium and water balance in the cichlid teleost, Tilapia mossambica. J. Exp. Biol. 47:1967;461-470.
    • (1967) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.47 , pp. 461-470
    • Potts, W.T.W.1    Foster, M.A.2    Rudy, P.P.3    Howells, G.P.4
  • 37
    • 0021254161 scopus 로고
    • Clearance of corticosteroids in yearling coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in fresh water and seawater and after stress
    • Redding J.M., Patino R., Schreck C.B. Clearance of corticosteroids in yearling coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in fresh water and seawater and after stress. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 54:1984;433-443.
    • (1984) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.54 , pp. 433-443
    • Redding, J.M.1    Patino, R.2    Schreck, C.B.3
  • 38
    • 0000088859 scopus 로고
    • Relationships among ration, salinity, 17α-methyltestosterone and growth in the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus
    • Ron B., Shimoda S.K., Iwama G.K., Grau E.G. Relationships among ration, salinity, 17α-methyltestosterone and growth in the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Aquaculture. 135:1995;185-193.
    • (1995) Aquaculture , vol.135 , pp. 185-193
    • Ron, B.1    Shimoda, S.K.2    Iwama, G.K.3    Grau, E.G.4
  • 39
    • 0025898728 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic studies of growth hormone and prolactin during adaptation of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, to different salinities
    • Sakamoto T., Iwata M., Hirano T. Kinetic studies of growth hormone and prolactin during adaptation of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, to different salinities. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 82:1991;184-191.
    • (1991) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.82 , pp. 184-191
    • Sakamoto, T.1    Iwata, M.2    Hirano, T.3
  • 40
    • 51249161772 scopus 로고
    • Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone and its mode of action in salmonids: A review
    • Sakamoto T., McCormick S.D., Hirano T. Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone and its mode of action in salmonids. A review Fish Physiol. Biochem. 11:1993;1-6.
    • (1993) Fish Physiol. Biochem. , vol.11 , pp. 1-6
    • Sakamoto, T.1    McCormick, S.D.2    Hirano, T.3
  • 41
    • 0025324097 scopus 로고
    • Growth hormone kinetics during adaptation to a hyperosmotic environment in rainbow trout
    • Sakamoto T., Ogasawara T., Hirano T. Growth hormone kinetics during adaptation to a hyperosmotic environment in rainbow trout. J. Comp. Physiol. B. 160:1990;1-6.
    • (1990) J. Comp. Physiol. B , vol.160 , pp. 1-6
    • Sakamoto, T.1    Ogasawara, T.2    Hirano, T.3
  • 42
    • 0028885253 scopus 로고
    • Effects of growth hormone on plasma ionic regulation, respiration and extracellular acid-base status in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) transferred to seawater
    • Seddiki H., Maxime V., Boeuf G., Peyraud C. Effects of growth hormone on plasma ionic regulation, respiration and extracellular acid-base status in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) transferred to seawater. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 14:1995;279-288.
    • (1995) Fish Physiol. Biochem. , vol.14 , pp. 279-288
    • Seddiki, H.1    Maxime, V.2    Boeuf, G.3    Peyraud, C.4
  • 44
    • 0242596943 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and partial characterization of a pair of prolactins released in vitro by the pituitary of a cichlid fish, Oreochromis mossambicus
    • Specker J.L., King D.S., Nishioka R.S., Shirahata K., Yamaguchi K., Bern H.A. Isolation and partial characterization of a pair of prolactins released in vitro by the pituitary of a cichlid fish, Oreochromis mossambicus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 82:1985;7490-7494.
    • (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. , vol.82 , pp. 7490-7494
    • Specker, J.L.1    King, D.S.2    Nishioka, R.S.3    Shirahata, K.4    Yamaguchi, K.5    Bern, H.A.6
  • 45
    • 84952205313 scopus 로고
    • Tilapia tolerance of saline waters: A review
    • Stickney R.R. Tilapia tolerance of saline waters. A review Prog. Fish-Cult. 48:1986;161-167.
    • (1986) Prog. Fish-Cult. , vol.48 , pp. 161-167
    • Stickney, R.R.1
  • 46
    • 0003072603 scopus 로고
    • Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor
    • Trinder P. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 6:1969;24.
    • (1969) Ann. Clin. Biochem. , vol.6 , pp. 24
    • Trinder, P.1
  • 48
    • 0030469898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food-deprivation affects seawater acclimation in tilapia: Hormonal and metabolic changes
    • Vijayan M.M., Morgan J.D., Sakamoto T., Grau E.G., Iwama G.K. Food-deprivation affects seawater acclimation in tilapia. Hormonal and metabolic changes J. Exp. Biol. 199:1996;2467-2475.
    • (1996) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.199 , pp. 2467-2475
    • Vijayan, M.M.1    Morgan, J.D.2    Sakamoto, T.3    Grau, E.G.4    Iwama, G.K.5
  • 49
    • 0028029001 scopus 로고
    • Changes in plasma levels of the two prolactins and growth hormone during adaptation to different salinities in the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus
    • Yada T., Hirano T., Grau E.G. Changes in plasma levels of the two prolactins and growth hormone during adaptation to different salinities in the euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 93:1994;214-223.
    • (1994) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.93 , pp. 214-223
    • Yada, T.1    Hirano, T.2    Grau, E.G.3
  • 52
    • 77956846408 scopus 로고
    • The chloride cell: The active transport of chloride and the paracellular pathways
    • W.S. Hoar, & D.J. Randall. Orlando, FL: Academic Press
    • Zadunaisky J.A. The chloride cell. The active transport of chloride and the paracellular pathways Hoar W.S., Randall D.J. Fish Physiology, Vol. XB. 1984;129-176 Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
    • (1984) Fish Physiology, Vol. XB , pp. 129-176
    • Zadunaisky, J.A.1
  • 53
    • 0011228748 scopus 로고
    • The effect of fish weight, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration on the oxygen consumption of tilapia
    • Zohar G., Bejerano I., Wishovsky A. The effect of fish weight, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration on the oxygen consumption of tilapia. Fish. Fishbreed. Isr. 25:1992;166-172.
    • (1992) Fish. Fishbreed. Isr. , vol.25 , pp. 166-172
    • Zohar, G.1    Bejerano, I.2    Wishovsky, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.