Leaf anatomy and its relation to the ecophysiology of some non-succulent desert plants from Egypt

Journal of Arid Environments

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 499-525

  Fahmy, Gamal M ^a  

^a CAIRO UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

Author keywords

Anatomy; Desert plants; Egypt; Non succulents; Xeromorphy

Indexed keywords

CHROZOPHORA; CHROZOPHORA OBLIQUA; DICOTYLEDONEAE; GOMPHOCARPUS; GOMPHOCARPUS SINAICUS; ZILLA SPINOSA;

EID: 0031193513     PISSN: 01401963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jare.1996.0217     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Abd El Rahman A. A., Batanouny K. H. The water output of desert vegetation in the different microhabitats of WaiHoff. Journal of Ecology. 53:1965;139-145.
2. Abd El Rahman A. A., Ayyd M. A., El-Monayeri M. M. Hydroecology of the sand dunes habitat at Burg El Arab. Bulletin of the Faculty, Cairo University. 40:1966;29-54.
3. Abd ElRahman A. A., Ezzat N. H. Comparative hydroecological studies on some hydrophytes, wet and dry halophytes and xerophytes. Flora. 165:1976;1-16.
4. Abd El Rahman A. A., Ibrahim A., Amal & Hassan H. T. Contributions to the anatomical characters of some xerophytes. Bulletin of the Faculty of Science, Cairo University. 49:1980;139-162.
5. Climatological Normals for the Arab Republic Egypt. 1979;Ministry of Civil Aviation-Meteorological Authority, Egypt.
6. Ayyad M. A., Ghabbour S. Hot deserts of Egypt and the Sudan. Ecosystems of the World 12B: hot deserts and arid shrublands. 1986;Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam.
7. Bange G. G.J. On the quantitative explanation of stomatal transpiration. Acta Botanica Neerlandica. 2:1953;255-296.
8. Batanouny K. H. Eco-physiological studies on desert plants. IX: Types of transpiration curves ofZilla spinosa. Flora. 163:1974;1-6.
9. Batonouny K. H., Stichler W., Ziegler H. Photosynthetic pathways, distribution and ecological characteristics of grass species in Egypt. Oecologia. 75:1988;539-548.
10. Böcher T. W. Xeromorphic leaf types: Evolutionary strategies and tentative semi-phyletic sequences. Biologiske Skrifter Danske Videnskabernes Selskab. 22:1979;1-71.
11. Boulos L. Flora of Egypt Checklist. 1995;Al Hadra Publishing, Cairo.
12. Brown W. V., Escombe F. Static diffusion of gases and liquids in relation to the assimilation of carbon and translocation in plants. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London), Botany. 193:1900;223-291.
13. Carter G. A. Primary and secondary effects of water content n the spectral reflectance of leaves. American Journal of Botany. 78:1991;916-924.
14. Cloudsley-Thompson J. L. Introduction. Cloudsley-Thompson J. L. Sahara Desert (Key Environments). 1984;Pergamon Press (published in collaboration with the IUCN), Oxford.
15. Dengler N. G. Comparative histological basis of sun and shade leaf dimorphism inHelianthus annuus. Canadian Journal of Botany. 58:1980;727-730.
16. Ehleringer J. R. Leaf morphology and reflectance in relation to water and temperature stress. Turner N. C., Kramer P. J. Adaptation of Plants to Water and High Temperature Stress. 1980;John Wiley & Sons, New York.
17. Ehleringer J. R. Leaf absorptances of Mohave and Sonoran Desert plants. Oecologia. 49:1981;366-370.
18. Ehleringer J. R. Ecology and ecophysiology of leaf pubescence in North American desert plants. Rodriguez E., Healey P. L., Mehta I. Biology and Chemistry of Plant Trichomes. 1984;Plenum Press, New York.
19. Ehleringer J. R., Björkman O. A comparison of photosynthetic characteristics ofEncelia. Plant Physiology. 62:1978;185-190.
20. Emad El-Deen, H. M. 1990, Some Aspects of Drought Resistance Mechanisms of Desert plants, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
21. Evenari M. Adaptations of plants and animals to the desert environment. Evenari M., Moy-Meir I., Goodal D. W. Ecosystems of the World 12A: hot deserts and arid shrublands. 1985;Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam.
22. Evenari M., Richter R. Physiological - ecological investigations in the wilderness of Judea. Journal of Linnean Society (Botany). 51:1938;333-381.
23. Ewers F. W., Fisher J. B., Chiu S. -T. Water transport in the lianaBauhinia fassoglensis. Plant Physiology. 91:1989;1625-1631.
24. Ewers F. W., Fisher J. B., Fichtner K. Water flux and xylem structure in vines. Putz F., Mooney H. A. The Biology of Vines. 1991;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
25. Fahn A. Some anatomical adaptations of desert plants. Phytomorphology. 14:1964;93-102.
26. Fahn A. Plant Anatomy. 1982;Pergamon Press, Oxford.
27. Fahn A. Structural and functional properties of trichomes of xeromorphic leaves. Annals of Botany. 57:1986;631-637.
28. Fahn A., Cutler D. F. Xerophytes. Encyclopedia of plant anatomy. 1992;Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin.
29. Gartner B. L., Bullock S. H., Mooney H. A., Brown V., Whitbeck J. L. Water transport properties of vine and tree stems in a tropical deciduous forest. American Journal of Botany. 77:1990;742-749.
30. Gibson A. C. Anatomy of photosynthetic old stems of nonsucculent dicotyledons from North American deserts. Botanical Gazette. 144:1983;347-362.
31. Gibson A. C., Calkin H. W., Nobel P. S. Xylem anatomy, water flow, and hydraulic conductance in the fernCyrtomium falcatum. American Journal of Botany. 71:1984;564-574.
32. Gibson A. C., Calkin H. W., Nobel P. S. Hydraulic conductance and xylem structure in tracheid-bearing plants. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin. 6:1985;293-302.
33. Givnish T. J. Adaptation to sun and shade: a whole plant perspective. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 15:1988;63-92.
34. Good R. The Geography of the Flowering Plants. 1953;Longman, Green and Co. London.
35. Hegazy, A. K. 1987, Perspectives on Autecology and Population Biology of Alpine Cushion Plants, The University of Alberta, Canada.
36. Hellkvist J., Richards G., Jarvis P. G. Vertical gradients of water potential and tissue water relations in Stika spruce trees measured by the pressure character. Journal of Applied Ecology. 11:1974;637-667.
37. Ibrahim A. A., Fahmy G. M. The significance of anatomical characters in the water economy of some desert plants. Annals of Agricultural Science. 23:1985;145-162.
38. Jones H. G. Plants and Microclimate: a quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology. 1992;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
39. Juniper B. E., Jeffree C. E. Plant Surfaces. 1983;Edward Arnold, London.
40. Kassas M., Batanouny K. H. Plant ecology. Cloudsley-Thompson J. L. Sahara Desert (Key Environments). 1984;Pergamon Press (Published in collaboration with the IUCN), Oxford.
41. Kassas M., Imam M. Habitat and plant communities in the Egyptian desert. III. The wadi bed ecosystem. Journal of Ecology. 425:1954;441.
42. Körner C., Neumayer M., Menedez-Riedel S. P., Smeets-Scheel A. Functional morphology of mountain plants. Flora. 182:1989;353-383.
43. Krause D., Kummerow J. Xeromorphic structure and soil moisture in the chaparral. Oecologia Planatarum. 12:1977;133-148.
44. 4. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. 25:1974;27-52.
45. Larcher W. Physiological Plant Ecology. 1983;Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
46. Larmuth J. Microclimates. Cloudsley-Thompson J. L. Sahara Desert (Key Environments). 1984;Pergamon Press (Published in collaboration with the IUCN), Oxford.
47. Lewis M. C. The physiological significance of variation in leaf structure. Science Progress. 60:1972;25-51.
48. Lewis D. A., Nobel P. S. Thermal energy exchange model and water loss of a barrel cactusFerocactus acanthodes. Plant Physiology. 60:1977;609-616.
49. Lyshede O. B. Anatomical features of some stem assimilating desert plants of Israel. Botanisk Tiddskrift. 71:1977;255-230.
50. McClendon J. H. The micro-optics of leaves. I. Patterns of reflection from the epidermis. American Journal of Botany. 71:1984;1391-1397.
51. Migahid A. M. The drought resistance in Egyptian desert plants. Proceedings of Arid Zone Symposium on Plant Water Relations in Arid and Semi-Arid Conditions. 1962;UNESCO, Paris.
52. Mott K. A., Gibson A. C., O'Leary J. W. The adaptive significance of amphistomatic leaves. Plant Cell and Environment. 5:1982;455-460.
53. Nobel P. S. Effective thickness and resistance of the air boundary layer adjacent to spherical plant parts. Journal of Experimental Botany. 26:1975;120-130.
54. Nobel P. Physicochemical and Environmental Plant Physiology. 1991;Academic Press, San Diego.
55. Nobel P. S., Walker D. B. Structure of leaf photosynthetic tissue. Barber J., Baker N. R. Photosynthetic Mechanisms and Environment. 1985;Elsevier Science Publishers (Biomedical Division), Amsterdam.
56. Nobel P. S., Zaragoza L. J., Smith W. K. Relation between mesophyll surface area, photosynthetic rate, and illumination level during development for leaves ofPlectranthus parviflorus. Plant Physiology. 55:1975;1067-1070.
57. O'Brien T. P., McCully M. E. The Study of Plant Structure: principles and selected methods. 1981;Termarcarphi, Melbourne.
58. Oppenheimer H. R. Adaptation to drought: Xerophytism. Zrid Zone Research. 15:1960;105-138.
59. Pyykko M. Leaf anatomy of East Patagonican xeromorphic plants. Annales Botanici Fennici. 3:1966;453-622.
60. Sakai W. Simple method for differential staining of paraffin embedded plant material using toluidine blue O. Stain Technology. 48:1973;247-249.
61. Salleo S., Rosso R., Lo Gullo M. A. Hydraulic architecture ofVitis viniferaPopulus deltoides. Giornale Botanico Italiano. 116:1982;15-27.
62. Sayer J. D. Physiology of stomata ofRumex patienta. Ohio Journal of Science. 26:1926;233-266.
63. Shields L. M. Leaf xeromorphy in dicotyledon species from a gypsum sand deposit. American Journal of Botany. 38:1951;175-190.
64. Small E. Xeromorphy in plants as a possible basis for migration between arid and nutritionally-deficient environments. Botaniska Notiser. 126:1973;534-539.
65. Snedecor G. W., Cochran W. G. Statistical Methods. 1962;Iowa State College Press, Iowa.
66. Sperry J. S. Xylem embolism in the palmRhapis excelsa. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin. 6:1985;283-292.
67. Sperry J. S., Tyree M. T. Mechanism of water stress-induced xylem embolism. Plant Physiology. 88:1988;581-587.
68. Stocker O. Water-photosynthesis syndrome and geographical plant distribution in the Sahara. Lange O. L., Kappel L., Schulze E. D. Water and Plant Life. 1976;Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
69. Sundberg M. D. A comparison of stomatal distribution and length in succulent and non-succulent desert plants. Phytomorphology. 36:1986;53-66.
70. Täckholm V. Students' Flora of Egypt. 1986;Cairo University Press, Cairo.
71. Thompson R. G., Tyree M. T., Lo Gullo M. A., Salleo S. The water relations of young olive trees in a Mediterranean winter: Measurements of evaporation from leaves and water conduction in wood. Annals of Botany. 52:1983;399-406.
72. Turrell F. M. The area of internal exposed surface of dicotyledon leaves. American Journal of Botany. 23:1936;255-264.
73. Tyree M. T. Cavitation in trees and the hydraulic sufficiency of woody stems. Annales des Sciences Forestieres. 36s:1989;330s-337s.
74. Tyree M. T., Dixon M. A. Water stress inducedcavitation and embolism in some woody plants. Physiologia Plantarum. 66:1986;397-405.
75. Tyree M. T., Ewers F. The hydraulic architecture of trees and other woody plants (Tansley Review No. 34). New Phytologist. 119:1991;345-360.
76. Tyree M. T., Graham M. E. D., Cooper K., Bazos L. J. The hydraulic architecture ofThuja occidentalis. Canadian Journal of Botany. 61:1983;2105-2111.
77. Tyree M. T., Fiscus E. L., Wullschleger S. D., Dixon M. A. Detection of xylem cavitation in corn under field conditions (A communication). Plant Physiology. 82:1986;597-599.
78. Map of the World Distribution of Arid Regions. 1979;UNESCO, Paris.
79. Uphof J. C. Th. Plant Hairs. Encyclopedia of plant anatomy. 1962;Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin.
80. Veres J. S. Xylem anatomy and hydraulic conductance of Costa RicanBlechnum. Americal Journal of Botany. 77:1990;1610-1625.
81. Volkens G. Die Flora der Aegyptisch-arabischen Wüste auf Grundlage anatomisch-physiologischer Forschungen dargestellt. 1887;Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin.
82. Walter H. Vegetation of the Earth and Ecological Systems of the Geo-biosphere. 1979;Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New York, Heidelberg.
83. Waring R. H., Gholz H. L., Grier C. C., Plummer M. L. Evaluating stem conducting tissue as an estimator of leaf area in four woody angiosperms. Canadian Journal of Botany. 55:1977;1474-1477.
84. Willmer C. M. Stomata. 1983;Longman, London.
85. Woodhouse R. M., Nobel P. S. Stipe anatomy, water potentials, and xylem conductances in seven species of ferns (Filicopsida). American Journal of Botany. 69:1982;135-140.
86. Zahran M. A., Willis A. J. The Vegetation of Egypt. 1992;Chapman & Hall, London.
87. Ziegler H., Batanouny K. H., Sankhla N., Vyas O. P., Stichler W. The photosynthetic pathway types of some desert plants from India, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Oecologia. 48:1981;93-99.
88. Zimmermann M. H. Hydraulic architecture of some diffuse porous trees. Canadian Journal of Botany. 56:1978;2286-2295.
89. Zimmermann M. H., Milburn J. A. Transport and storage of water. Lange O. L., Nobel P. S., Osmond C. B., Ziegler H. Encylopedia of Plant Physiology. 1982;Springer-Verlag, New York.