Environmental hazard assessment of pharmaceuticals

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 220-225

  Henschel, K P ^a   Wenzel, A ^a   Diedrich, M ^a   Fliedner, A ^a  

^a FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND APPLIED ECOLOGY IME   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOFIBRIC ACID; METHOTREXATE; PARACETAMOL; SALICYLIC ACID;

ALGA; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; DAPHNIA; DRUG DEGRADATION; ECOTOXICOLOGY; EMBRYO; ENVIRONMENT; FISH; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT; TOXICITY TESTING;

ALGAE; ANIMALIA; CILIOPHORA; DAPHNIA;

EID: 0031171238     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/rtph.1997.1102     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. 67/548/EWG. Richtlinie der Kommission vom 27. Juni 1967 zur Angleichung der Rechts-und Verwaltungsvorschriften für die Einstufung, Verpackung und Kenn Zeichnung gefährlicher Stoffe.
2. CEC III/5504/94. Draft 4: European Commission: Ad hoc Working Party on Environmental Risk Assessments for Non GMO Containing Medicinal Products: Assessment of Potential Risks to the Environment Posed by Medicinal Products for Human Use (Excluding Products Containing Live Genetically Modified Organisms): Phase I Environmental Risk Assessment, 1994.
3. CEC III/5944/94. Commission of the European Communities: Draft-Notice to Applicants for Marketing Authorisations for Medicinal Products for Human Use in the European Community. Brussels, 1994.
4. Ellenhorn, M. J., and Barceloux, D. G. (1988). Medical Toxicology -Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning, p. 157. Elsevier Science, New York.
5. EMEA (1996). Draft - Note for Guidance: Environmental Risk Assessment for Veterinary Medicinal Products Other Than GMA-Containing and Immunological Products. The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit. EMEA/CVMP/055/96, Consultation.
6. Estler, C.-J. (1983). Lehrbuch der allgemeinen und systematischen Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, pp. 430-432. Verlag Schattauer, Stuttgart.
7. Finney, D. J. (1984). Statistical Method in Biological Assay, 2nd ed. London.
8. Gilman, A. G., Rall, T. W., Niels, A. S., and Taylor, P. (Eds.) (1990). Goodsman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed., p. 1225. Pergamon Press, New York.
9. Heberer, Th., and Stan, H.-J. (1995). GIT Fachz. Lab., 718-720.
10. Herrmann, K. (1993). Effects of the anticonvulsant drug valproic acid and related substances on the early development of the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). Toxicol. in Vitro 7(1), 41-54.
11. Jurna, I. (1992). Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (Hrsg. W. Forth, D. Henschler, W. Rummel, und K. Starke, B.I, Eds.), p. 217. Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim.
12. Matsumoto, G. (1982). Wat. Res. 16, 551-557.
13. McEvoy, G. K. (1992). American Hospital Formulary Service - Drug-information 92, p. 1171. Am. Soc. Hospital Pharmacists, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
14. Mutschler, E. (1991). Arzneimittelwirkungen, Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Stuttgart, pp. 181, 385.
15. Nagel, R. (1986). Untersuchungen zur Eiproduktion beim Zebrabärbling (Brachydanio rerio, Ham.-Buch.). J. Appl. Ichthyol. 4, 173-181.
16. Pauli, W., and Berger, S. (1996). Proceedings of the International Workshop on a Protozoan test protocol with Tetrahymena in aquatic toxicity testing. German Federal Environmental Agency, TEXTe series: TEXT 34/96, ISSN 0722-186X, Berlin.
17. Parke, D. V. (1968). The Biochemistry of Foreign Compounds, p. 175. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
18. Pfeifer, S. (1977). Biotransformation von Arzneimitteln, Verlag Volk und Gesundheit, Berlin, Bd. 2, 270-274.
19. Pharmazeutische Stoffliste (1996). ABDATA, Pharma-Daten-Service, Eschborn, 10. Auflage Ratledge, C. (1994). Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation, p. 590S. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.
20. Pharmazeutische Stoffliste (1996). ABDATA, Pharma-Daten-Service, Eschborn, 10. Auflage Ratledge, C. (1994). Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation, p. 590S. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.
21. Richardson, M. L., and Bowron, J. M. (1985). The fate of pharmaceutical chemicals in the aquatic environment. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 37, 1-12.
22. Schalhorn, A. (1995). Medikamentöse Therapie maligner Erkrankungen (Hrsg. D. Huhn, and R. Herrmann, Eds.), pp. 5-11. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
23. Schomburg, D., and Salzmann, M. (1991). Enzyme Handbook, Part 4. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg.
24. Schulte, C., and Nagel, R. (1994). Testing acute toxicity in the embryo of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, as an alternative to the acute fish test: Preliminary results. ATLA (Altern. Lab. Anim.) 22(1), 12-19.
25. Schwabe, U., and Pfaffrath, D. (1993). Arzneiverordnungs - Report '93. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena.
26. Schwabe, U., and Pfaffrath, D. (1995). Arzneiverordnungs - Report '95. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena.
27. Sigma-Sicherheitsdatenblatt A6770 (1995). Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH.
28. Stan, H. J., Heberer, T., and Linkerhägner, M. (1994). Vom Wasser 83, 57-68.
29. UBA (1990). Umweltbundesamt 1990 and ChemGes. Heft 9: Grundzüge der Bewertung von neuen Stoffen nach dem ChemG. 1. Fortschreibung 1990.
30. Zöllner, N., Keller, Ch., and Wolfram, G. (1992). Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (Hrsg. W. Forth, D. Henschler, W. Rummel, und K. Starke, B.I, Eds.), p. 509. Wissenschaftsverlag, Mannheim.