Immunostimulatory cytokines in somatic cells and gene therapy of cancer

Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 119-128

  Mackensen, Andreas ^a   Lindemann, Albrecht ^a   Mertelsmann, Roland ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cancer; CTL; Cytokines; Gene Therapy; Vaccination

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 7; RECOMBINANT GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; RECOMBINANT INTERFERON; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 12; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 2; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 4; RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN 7; RECOMBINANT TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR;

ANIMAL; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER RESEARCH; CANCER THERAPY; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG RESEARCH; GENE THERAPY; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GENETICS; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; MALIGNANT NEOPLASTIC DISEASE; METHODOLOGY; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; SHORT SURVEY;

ANIMALS; CLINICAL TRIALS; CYTOKINES; GENE THERAPY; GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; HUMANS; INTERFERON TYPE II; INTERLEUKIN-12; INTERLEUKIN-2; INTERLEUKIN-4; INTERLEUKIN-7; NEOPLASMS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0031171209     PISSN: 13596101     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6101(96)00052-4     Document Type: Short Survey

References (84)

1. Burnet FM. The concept of immunological surveillance. Progr Exp Tumour Res 1970, 13, 1-27.
2. Van Pel A, Van Der Bruggen P, Coulie PG, Brichard V, Lethe B, Van Den Eynde B, Uyttenhove C, Renauld JC, Boon T. Genes coding for tumour antigens recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Immunol Rev 1995, 145, 229-250.
3. Mackensen A, Carcelain G, Viel S, Raynal MC, Michalaki H, Triebel F, Bosq J, Hercend T. Direct evidence to support the immunosurveillance concept in a human regressive melanoma. J Clin Invest 1994, 93, 1397-1402.
4. Browning MJ, Bodmer WF. MHC antigens and cancer: implications for T-cell surveillance. Curr Opin Immunol 1992, 4, 613-618.
5. Darnell JE, Kerr IM, Stark GR. Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signalling proteins. Science 1994, 264, 1415-1421.
6. George, AJ, Stevenson FK. Prospects for the treatment of B cell tumours using idiotypic vaccination. Int Rev Immunol 1989, 4, 271-310.
7. Levey DL, Srivastava PK. Alterations in T cells of cancer-bearers: whence specificity? Immunol Today 1996, 17, 365-368.
8. Zier KS, Gansbacher B, Salvadori S. Preventing abnormalities in signal transduction of T cells in cancer: the promise of cytokine gene therapy. Immunol Today 1996, 17, 39-45.
9. Lindenmann J, Klein PA. Viral oncolysis: increased immunogenicity of host cell antigen associated with influenza virus. J Exp Med 1967, 126, 93-108.
10. Fujiwara T, Sakagami K, Matsuoka J, Shiozaki S, Uchida S, Fujioka K, Takada Y, Onoda T, Orita K. Application of an interleukin-2 slow delivery system to the immunotherapy of established murine colon 26 adenocarcinoma liver metastases. Cancer Res 1990, 50, 7003-7007.
11. Vaage J. Peritumour interleukin-2 causes systemic therapeutic effect via interferon-gamma induction. Int J Cancer 1991, 49, 598-600.
12. Mackensen A, Herbst B, Köhler G, Wolff-Vorbeck G, Rosenthal FM, Veelken H, Kulmburg P, Schaefer HE, Mertelsmann R, Lindemann A. Delineation of the dendritic cell lineage by generating large numbers of birbeck granule-positive langerhans cells from human peripheral blood progenitor cells in vitro. Blood 1995, 86, 2699-2707.
13. Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin-4 and down regulated by tumour necrosis factor α. J Exp Med 1994, 179, 1109-1117.
14. Bubenik J, Voitenok NN, Kieler J, Prassolov V, Chumakov PM, Bubenikova D, Simova J, Jandlova T. Local administration of cells containing an inserted IL-2 gene and producing IL-2 inhibits growth of human tumours in nu/nu mice. Immunol Lett 1988, 19, 279-282.
15. Bubenik J, Simova J, Jandlova T. Immunotherapy of cancer using local administration of lymphoid cells expression IL-2 cDNA and constitutively producing IL-2. Immunol Lett 1990, 23, 287-292.
16. Fearon ER, Pardoll DM, Itaya T, Golumbek P, Levitsky HI, Simon JW, Karasuyama H, Vogelstein B, Frost P. Interleukin-2 production by tumour cells bypasses T helper function in the generation of an anti-tumour response. Cell 1990, 60, 397-403.
17. Gansbacher B, Zier K, Daniels B, Cronin K, Bannerji R, Gilboa E. Interleukin-2 gene transfer into tumour cells abrogates tumorigenicity and induces protective immunity. J Exp Med 1990, 172, 1217-1224.
18. Gansbacher B, Bannerji R, Daniels B, Zier K, Cronin K, Gilboa E. Retroviral vector-mediated gamma-interferon gene transfer into tumour cells generates potent and long lasting anti-tumour immunity. Cancer Res 1990, 50, 7820-7825.
19. Ley V, Roth C, Langlade-Demoyen P, Larsson-Sciard EL, Kourilsky P. A novel approach to the induction of specific cytolytic T cells in vivo. Res Immunol 1990, 141, 855-863.
20. Ley V, Langlade-Demoyen P, Kourilsky P, Larsson-Sciard EL. Interleukin-2-dependent activation of tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. Eur J Immunol 1991, 21, 851-854.
21. Russel SJ, Eccles SA, Fleming CL, Johnson CA, Collins MKL. Decreased tumorigenicity of a transplantable rat sarcoma following transfer and expression of an IL-2 cDNA. Int J Cancer 1991, 47, 244-251.
22. Dranoff G, Jaffee E, Lazenby A, Golumbek P, Levitsky H, Brose K, Jackson V, Hamada H, Pardoll, D, Mulligan R. Vaccination with irradiated tumour cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumour immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993, 90, 3539-3543.
23. Schmidt W, Schweighoffer T, Herbst E, Maass G, Berger M, Schilcher F, Schaffner G, Birnstiel ML. Cancer vaccines: the interleukin-2 dosage effect. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995, 92, 4711-4714.
24. Sobol RE, Royston I, Fakhrai H, Shawler DL, Carson C, Dorigo O, Gjerset R, Gold DP, Kozio J, Mercola D. Injection of colon carcinoma patients with autologous irradiated tumour cells and fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete IL-2: a phase-I study. Hum Gene Ther 1995, 6, 195-205.
25. + T lymphocytes in the primary and memory response to nonimmunogenic murine mammary adenocarcinoma made immunogenic by IL-2 gene. J Immunol 1992, 149, 3627-3635.
26. Hock H, Dorsch M, Kuzendorf U, Qin Z, Diamantstein T, Blankenstein T. Mechanism of rejection induced by tumour cell-targeted gene transfer of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-7, tumour necrosis factor or interferon-gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993, 90, 2774-2778.
27. Pulaski BA, McAdam AJ, Hutter EK, Biggar S, Lord EM, Frelinger JG. Interleukin-3 enhances development of tumour-reactive cytotoxic T cells by a CD4-dependent mechanism. Cancer Res 1993, 53, 2112-2117.
28. Roth C, Mir LM, Cressent M, Quintin-Colonna F, Ley V, Fradelizi D, Kourilsky P. Inhibition of tumour growth by histoincompatible cells expressing interleukin-2. Int Immunol 1992, 4, 1429-1436.
29. Fakhrai H, Shawler DL, Gjerset R, Naviaux RK, Koziol J, Royston I, Sobol RE. Cytokine gene therapy with interleukin-2-transduced fibroblasts: effects of IL-2 dose on anti-tumour immunity. Hum Gene Ther 1995, 6, 591-601.
30. Patel PM, Flemming CL, Fisher C, Porter CD, Thomas JM, Gore ME, Collins MKL. Generation of interleukin-2-secreting melanoma cell populations from resected metastatic tumours. Hum Gene Ther 1994, 5, 577-584.
31. Arienti F, Sule-Suso J, Melani C, Maccalli C, Belli F, Illeni MT, Anichini A, Cascinelli N, Colombo MP, Parmiani G. Interleukin-2 gene-transduced human melanoma cells efficiently stimulate MHC-unrestricted and MHC-restricted autologous lymphocytes. Hum Gene Ther 1994, 5, 1139-1150.
32. Cignetti A, Guarini A, Carbone A, Forni M, Cronin K, Forni G, Gansbacher B, Foa R. Transduction of the IL-2 gene into human acute leukaemia cells: induction of tumour rejection without modifying cell proliferation and IL-2 receptor expression. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994, 86, 785-791.
33. Veelken H, Re D, Kulmburg P, Rosenthal FM, Mackensen A, Mertelsmann R, Lindemann A. Systemic evaluation of chimaeric marker genes on dicistronic transcription units for regulated expression of transgenes in vitro and in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 1996, 7, 1827-1836.
34. Tepper RI, Pattengale PK, Leder P. Murine interleukin-4 displays potent anti-tumour activity in vivo. Cell 1989, 57, 503-512.
35. Blankenstein T, Li W, Muller W, Daimanstein T. Retroviral interleukin-4 gene transfer into interleukin-4-dependent cell line results in autocrine growth but not in tumorigenicity. Eur J Immunol 1990, 20, 935-938.
36. Golumbek PT, Lazenby A, Levitsky HI, Jaffee LM, Karasuyama H, Baker M, Pardoll DM. Treatment of established renal cancer by tumour cells engineered to secrete interleukin-4. Science 1991, 254, 713-716.
37. Li W, Diamanstein T, Blankenstein T. Lack of tumorigenicity of interleukin-4 autocrine growing cells seem related to the anti-tumour function of interleukin-4. Molec Immunol 1990, 27, 1331-1337.
38. Tepper RI, Coffman RL, Leder P. An eosinophil-dependent mechanism for the anti-tumour effect of IL-4. Science 1992, 257, 548-551.
39. Yu JS, Wei MX, Chiocca EA, Martuza RL, Tepper RI. Treatment of glioma by engineered interleukin-4 secreting cells. Cancer Res 1993, 53, 3125-3128.
40. Crawford RM, Finbloom DS, O'Hara J, Paul WE, Meltzer MS. B cell stimulatory factor-1 (Interleukin-4) activates macrophages for increased tumouricidal activity and expression of la antigens. J Immunol 1987, 139, 135-141.
41. Thornill MH, Wellicome SM, Mahiouz DL, Lanchbury JSS, Kyan-Aung U, Haskard DO. Tumour necrosis factor combines with IL-4 or IFN-gamma to selectively enhance endothelial cell adhesiveness for T cells. The contribution of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-dependent binding mechanisms. J Immunol 1991, 146, 592-598.
42. Schleimer RP, Sterbinsky SA, Kaiser J, Bickel CA, Klunk DA, Tomioka K, Newman W, Luscinskas FW, Gimbrone MA, McIntyre BW. IL-4 induces adherence of human eosinophils and basophils but not neutrophils to endothelium association with expression of VCAM-1. J Immunol 1992, 148, 1086-1092.
43. Hunt D, Pippin BA, Landreneau RJ, Jacob WF, Lotze MT, Siegfried JM. Transfer and expression of the human interleukin-4 gene in carcinoma and stromal cell lines derived from lung cancer patients. J Immunother 1993, 14, 314-321.
44. Lotze MT, Rubin JT. Gene therapy of cancer: a pilot study of IL-4-gene-modified fibroblasts admixed with autologous tumour to elicit an immune response. Hum Gene Ther 1994, 5, 41-55.
45. Melani C, Sule-Suso J, Arienti F, Maccalli C, Passerini F, Colombo MP, Parmiani G. A human melanoma cell line transduced with an interleukin-4 gene by a retroviral vector releases biologically active IL-4 and maintains the original tumour antigenic phenotype. Hum Gene Ther 1995, 6, 1427-1436.
46. + T cell-dependent tumour rejection. J Exp Med 1991, 174, 1291-1298.
47. McBride WH, Thacker JD, Comora S, Economou JS, Kelley D, Hodge D, Dubinett SM, Dougherty GJ. Genetic modification of a murine fibrosarcoma to produce interleukin-7 stimulates host cell infiltration and tumour immunity. Cancer Res 1992, 52, 3931-3937.
48. Aoki T, Tashiro K, Miyatake S, Kinash T, Nakano T, Oda Y, Kikuchi H, Honjo T. Expression of murine interleukin-7 in a murine glioma cell line results in reduced tumorigenicity in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992, 89, 3850-3854.
49. Jicha DL, Mule JJ, Rosenberg SA. Interleukin-7 generates anti-tumour cytotoxic T lymphocytes against murine sarcomas with efficacy in cellular adoptive immunotherapy. J Exp Med 1991, 174, 1511-1515.
50. Miller AR, McBride WH, Dubinett SM, Dougherty GJ, Thacker JD, Shau H, Kohn DB, Moen RC, Walker MJ, Chiu R. Transduction of human melanoma cell lines with the human interleukin-7 gene using retroviral-mediated gene transfer: comparison of immunologic properties with interleukin-2. Blood 1993, 82, 3931-3937.
51. Martinotti A, Stoppacciaro A, Vagliani M, Melani C, Spreafico F, Wysocka M, Parmiani G, Trinchieri G, Colombo MP. CD4 T cells inhibit in vivo the CDS-mediated immune response against murine colon carcinoma cells transduced with interleukin-12 genes. Eur J Immunol 1995, 25, 137-146.
52. Tahara H, Zitvogel L, Storkus WJ, Zeh HJ, McKinney TG, Schreiber RD, Gubler U, Robbins PD, Lotze MT. Effective eradication of established murine tumours with IL-12 gene therapy using a polycistronic retroviral vector. J Immunol 1995, 154, 6466-6474.
53. Tahara H, Zeh HJ, Storkus WJ, Pappo I, Watkins SC, Gubler U, Wolf SF, Robbins PD, Lotze MT. Fibroblasts geneically engineered to secrete interleukin-12 can suppress tumour growth and induce anti-tumour immunity to a murine melanoma in vivo. Cancer Res 1994, 54, 182-189.
54. + T cells against the wild-type tumour: correlation with antigen presentation capability. J Exp Med 1992, 175, 1423-1431.
55. Porgador A, Bannerji R, Watanabe Y, Feldman M, Gilboa E, Eisenbach L. Antimetastatic vaccination of tumour-bearing mice with two types of IFN-gamma gene-inserted tumour cells. J Immunol 1993, 150, 1458-1470.
56. Watanabe Y, Kuribayashi K, Miyatake S, Nishihara K, Nakayama E, Taniyama T, Sakata T. Exogenous expression of mouse interferon-g cDNA in mouse neuroblastoma C1300 cells results in reduced tumorigenicity by augmented anti-tumour immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989, 89, 9456-9460.
57. Teramura Y, Watanabe Y, Kan N, Masuda T, Kuribayashi K. Interferon-gamma-producing tumour induces host tumour-specific T cell responses. Jpn J Cancer Res 1993, 84, 689-696.
58. Yanagihara K, Seyama T, Watanabe Y. Anti-tumour potential of interferon-gamma: retroviral expression of mouse interferon-g cDNA in two kinds of highly metastatic mouse tumour line reduces their tumorigenicity. Nat Immun 1994, 13, 102-112.
59. + cells against the wild-type tumour: correlation with antigen presentation capability. J Exp Med 1992, 175, 1423-1431.
60. Klavinskis LS, Geckeler R, Oldstone MB. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte control of acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection: interferon gamma, but not tumour necrosis factor alpha, displays antiviral activity in vivo. J Gen Virol 1989, 70, 3317-3325.
61. Herberman RB, Ortaldo JR, Montivani A, Hobbs DS, Kung HF, Pestka S. Effect of human recombinant interferon on cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes. Cell Immunol 1982, 67, 160-168.
62. Rosenthal FM, Cronin K, Bannerji R, Golde DW, Gansbacher B. Augmentation of anti-tumour immunity by tumour cells transduced with a retroviral vector carrying the interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma cDNAs. Blood 1994, 83, 1289-1298.
63. Abdel-Wahab ZA, Osanto S, Darrow TL, Barber JR, Vervaert CE, Gangavalli R, McCallister TJ, Seigler HF. Transduction of human melanoma cells with the gamma interferon gene enhances cellular immunity. Cancer Gene Ther 1994, 1, 171-179.
64. Asher AL, Mulé JJ, Kasid A, Restifo NP, Salo JC, Reichert CM, Jaffe G, Fendly B, Kriegler M, Rosenberg SA. Murine tumour cells transduced with the gene for tumour necrosis factor-α. J Immunol 1991, 146, 3227-3234.
65. Karp, SE, Farber A, Salo JC, Hwu P, Jaffe G, Asher AL, Shiuloni E, Restifo NP, Mulé JJ, Rosenberg SA. Cytokine secretion by genetically modified nonimmunogenic murine fibrosarcoma. J Immunol 1993, 150, 896-908.
66. Marincola FM, Ettinghausen S, Cohen PA, Cheshire LB, Restifo NP, Mulé JJ, Rosenberg SA. Treatment of established lung metastases with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes derived from a poorly immunogenic tumour engineered to secrete human TNF-α. J Immunol 1994, 152, 3500-3513.
67. Zhihai Q, Krüger-Krasakages S, Kunzendorf U, Hock H, Diamantstein T, Blankenstein T. Expression of tumour necrosis factor by different tumour cell lines results either in tumour suppression or augmented metastasis. J Exp Med 1993, 178, 355-360.
68. Blankenstein T, Qin Z, Uberla K. Tumour suppression after tumour cell-targeted tumour necrosis factor alpha gene transfer. J Exp Med 1991, 173, 1047-1052.
69. Hermann F, Schulz G, Wieser M, Kolbe K, Nicolay U, Noack M, Lindemann A, Mertelsmann R. Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on neuα tropenia and related morbidity induced by myelotoxic chemotherapy. Am J Med 1990, 88, 619-624.
70. Steinmann RM. The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Rev Immunol 1991, 9, 271-296.
71. Golumbek PT, Azhari R, Jaffee EM, Levitsky HI, Lazenby A, Leong K, Pardoll DM. Controlled release, bioα degradable cytokine depots: a new approach in cancer vacα cine design. Cancer Res 1993, 53, 5841-5844.
72. Huang AYC, Golumbek P, Ahmadzadeh M, Jaffee E, Pardoll D, Levitsky H. Role of bone marrow-derived cells in presenting MHC class I-restricted tumour antigens. Science 1994, 264, 961-965.
73. + hematopoietic progenitor cells toward distinct dendritic cell subsets of the Birbeck granule and MIIC-positive Langerhans cell and the interdigitating dendritic cell type. Blood 1996, 88, 2541-2548.
74. Allione A, Consalvo M, Nanni P, Lollini PL, Cavallo F, Giovarelli M, Forni M, Gulino A, Colombo MP, Dellaα bona P, Hock H, Blankenstein T, Rosenthal FM, Gansbacher B, Bosco MC, Mussol T, Gusella L, Forni G. Immunizing and curative potential of replicating and non-replicating murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells engineered with interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and γ-interferon gene or admixed with conventional adjuvants. Cancer Res 1994, 54, 6022-6026.
75. Hock H, Dorsch M, Kunzendorf U, Überla K, Qin Z, Diamantstein T, Blankenstein T. Vaccinations with tumour cells genetically engineered to produce different cytokines: effectivity not superior to a classical adjuvant. Cancer Res 1993, 53, 714-716.
76. Longo DL. New clinical prospects. In Forni G, Foa R, Santoni A, Frati L. eds. Cytokine-induced Tumour Immunogenicity. From Exogenous Molecules to Gene Therapy. New York, Academic Press, 1994, 466-478.
77. Tepper RI, Mulé JJ. Experimental and clinical studies of cytokine gene-modified tumour cells. Hum Gene Ther 1994, 5, 153-164.
78. Osanto S, Brouwenstyn N, Vaessen C, Figdor CG, Melief CJ, Schrier PI. Immunization with interleukin-2 transfected melanoma cells. A phase I-II study in patients with metastatic melanoma. Hum Gene Ther 1993, 4, 323-330.
79. Tahara H, Zitvogel L, Storkus WJ, Elder EM, Kinzler D, Whiteside DL, Robbins PD, Lotze MT. Phase I clinical trial of interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene therapy using direct injection of tumours with genetically engineered autologous fibroblasts. Proc. ASCO 1996, 579.
80. Pardoll DM. Paracrine cytokine adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy. A Rev Immunol 1995, 13, 399-415.
81. Mertelsmann R, Lindemann A, Boehm T, Brennscheidt U, Franke B, Kulmburg P, Lahn M, Mackensen A, Rosenthal FM, Veelken H. Pilot study for the evaluation of T-cell-mediated tumour immunotherapy by cytokine gene transfer in patients with malignant tumours. J Molec Med 1995, 73, 205-206.
82. Veelken H, Mackensen A, Lahn M, Köhler G, Becker D. Franke B, Brennscheidt U, Kulmburg P, Rosenthal FM, Keller H, Hasse J, Schultze-Seemann W, Farthmann EH, Mertelsmann R, Lindemann A. A phase I clinical study of autologous tumour cells plus interleukin-2-gene-transfected allogeneic fibroblasts as a vaccine in patients with cancer. Int J Cancer 1997, in press.
83. Mukherji B, Chakraborty NG, Yamasaki S, Okino T, Yamase H, Sporn JR, Kurtzman SK, Ergin MT, Ozol J, Meehan J, Mauri F. Induction of antigen-specific cytolytic T cells in situ in human melanoma by immunization with synthetic peptide-pulsed autologous antigen presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995, 92, 8078-8082.
84. Porgador A, Gilboa E. Bone marrow-generated dendritic cells pulsed with a class-I-restricted peptide are potent inducers of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 1995, 182, 255-260.