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85033297781
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When the rf amplitude a (ζ) is not constant, the minimum energy is defined by the bottom of the bucket, which corresponds to the maximum of a(ζ) (Ref. 10).
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28
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31
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85033325850
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note
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Unlike the regime of the inertial bunching, for the regime of trapping the single-particle efficiency is exactly defined by Eq. (21) (Ref. 11).
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