Secrecy as government regulation

PS - Political Science and Politics

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 160-165

  Moynihan, Daniel Patrick ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031160908     PISSN: 10490965     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s1049096500043250     Document Type: Review

References (16)

1. Charles Chiniquy, Fifty Years in the Church of Rome (London: Protestant Literature Depository, 1886; reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1958), p. 512.
2. Theodore Draper, "Getting Irangate Straight," New York Review of Books, October 8, 1987, p. 47.
3. Max Weber, Essays in Sociology, trans. and ed. H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (New York: Oxford University Press, 1946), pp. 233-34. Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (Economy and Society), 1922.
4. James Q. Wilson, The Investigators: Managing FBI and Narcotics Agents (New York: Basic Books, 1978), pp. 202-203.
5. Here is Wilson's passage in full: [Hoover] was strong enough to resist for many years FBI involvement in organized crime and civil rights cases, but when the time came, in his eyes, to change, he was also strong enough to make the organization change with him. At one time, Hoover asserted that "no single individual or coalition of racketeers dominates organized crime across the nation" - in short, the Mafia is a myth. Then a New York state police trooper in 1957 stumbled across the Apalachin meeting of dozens of top gangland figures from across the country and the Justice Department, first under President Eisenhower and then, on a larger scale, under President Kennedy, created an Organized Crime unit among its attorneys. After the FBI had eavesdropped on some gangland meetings and acquired a few highly placed informants, Hoover moved swiftly to ensure that each field office would give serious attention to organized crime by creating special squads for its investigation. Suddenly, the Mafia existed - or more accurately, "LCN" (La Cosa Nostra) existed. It is easy to be amused by this switch, but one also has to be impressed by it. In retrospect, it seems clear that many of the things the FBI did that, when revealed, aroused public criticism represented the defects of the Bureau's organizational virtues. An organization strong enough to stamp out agent corruption and partisanship, to resist presidential directives regarding domestic counterintelligence, to insist that the civil liberties of suspects be protected long before the Supreme Court required it, and to investigate the Ku Klux Klan even when it had many powerful political allies was also strong enough to launch an investigation of domestic radicals without any guidelines, to serve the partisan interests of various presidents who wanted to know things about their political rivals, and to attempt to discredit groups that had broken no laws. Now that Hoover's successors have decided to put more authority in the hands of field administrators and allow for the development of different law enforcement priorities in different communities, the Bureau discovers that, though this change is slow and difficult, it is much easier to decentralize something that has first been centralized.
6. Richard Gid Powers, Secrecy and Power: The Life of J. Edgar Hoover (New York: The Free Press, 1987), pp. 267-74.
7. "Albert Shanker, 68, Combative Leader Who Transformed Teachers' Union, Dies," The New York Times, Monday, February 24, 1997, p. A22.
8. Robert Louis Benson and Michael Warner, eds., VENONA: Soviet Espionage and the American Response, 1939-1957 (Washington, D.C.: National Security Agency, Central Intelligence Agency, 1996).
9. Powers, Secrecy and Power, p. 286.
10. President Eisenhower may have learned on his own whilst still in the Army. This, however, is not clear, either.
11. Donald L. Robinson, "The Routinization of Crisis Government." Yale Review 63 (Winter 1974), p. 161.
12. U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Estimating the Size and Growth of the Soviet Economy: Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, 101st Cong., 2nd sess., July 16, 1990, p. 33.
13. Edward A. Shils, The Torment of Secrecy, with an introduction by Daniel P. Moynihan (Glencoe: The Free Press, 1956; reprint, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, Inc., 1996), pp. 70-71.
14. Robert D. Novak, "China's Savior," Washington Post, February 24, 1997, p. A 19.
15. Anthony Downs, Inside Bureaucracy (Boston: Little, Brown, 1967), p. 19.
16. Tim Weiner, "C.I.A. Severs Ties to 100 Foreign Agents," New York Times, March 3, 1997, p A-12.