Heterogeneity of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) region within individual deer ticks

Insect Molecular Biology

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 123-129

  Rich, S M ^a   Rosenthal, B M ^b   Telford III, S R ^b   Spielman, A ^b   Hartl, D L ^c   Ayala, F J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

concerted evolution; ITS 2; Ixodes dammini; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease

Indexed keywords

ACARI; ANIMALIA; CERVIDAE; IXODES DAMMINI; IXODES RICINUS; IXODES SCAPULARIS;

EID: 0031149090     PISSN: 09621075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2583.1997.tb00080.x     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Arnheim, N. (1983) Concerted evolution of multigene families. Evolution of Genes and Proteins (Nei, M. and Koehn, R.K., eds), pp. 38-61. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
2. Ayala, F.J., Escalante, A., O'Huigin, C. and Klein, J. (1995) Molecular genetics of speciation and human origins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 6787-6794.
3. Ayala, F.J. and Powell, J.R. (1972) Enzyme variability in the Drosophila willistoni group. VI. Levels of polymorphism and the physiological function of enzymes. Biochem Genet 7: 331-345.
4. Black, W.C., IV, McLain, D.K. and Rai, K.S. (1989) Patterns of variation in the rDNA cistron within and among world populations of a mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Genetics 121: 539-550.
5. Brown, R.N. (1994) Confirmation of the conspecificity of two American vectors of the agent of Lyme disease. Parasit Today 10: 334-335.
6. Caporale, D.A., Rich, S.M., Spielman, A. and Kocher, T.D. (1995) Discrimination of Ixodes tick species using mitochondnal DNA sequences. Mol Phylogen Evol 4: 361-365.
7. Coen, E. Strachen, T. and Dover, G. (1982) Dynamics of concerted evolution of ribosomal DNA and histone gene families in the melanogaster species subgroup of Drosophila. J Mol evol 158: 17-35.
8. Collins, F.H., Mendez, M.A., Rasmussen, M.O., Mehaffey, P.C., Besansky N.J. and Finnerty, V. (1987) A ribosomal RNA gene probe differentiates member species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Am J Trop Med Hyg 37: 37-41.
9. Cooley, R.A. and Kohls, G.M. (1945) The genus Ixodes in North America. Natl Inst Health Bull 184: 1-246.
10. Feng, D.F. and Doolittle, R.F. (1987) Progressive sequence alignment as a prerequisite to correct phylogenetic trees. J Mol Evol 35: 351-360.
11. Fitch, W.M. (1970) Distinguishing homologous from analogous proteins. Syst Zool 19: 99-113.
12. Fritz, G.N., Conn, J., Cockburn, A. and Seawright, J. (1994) Sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 from populations of Anopheles nuneztovari (Diptera: Culicidae). Mol Biol Evol 11: 406-416.
13. Hillis, D.M. (1994) Homology in molecular biology. Homology, the Hierarchical Basis of Comparative Biology (Hall, B.K., ed.), pp. 339-368. Academic Press, San Diego.
14. Hillis, D.M. and Dixon, M.T. (1991) Ribosomal DNA: molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference. Quart Rev Biol 66: 411-429.
15. Hoste, H., Chilton, N.B., Gasser, R.B. and Beveridge, I. (1995) Differences in the second internal transcribed spacer (ribosomal DNA) between five species of Trichostrongylus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae). Int J Parasit 25: 75-80.
16. Hutcheson, H.J., Oliver, J.H., Jr, Houck, M.A. and Strauss, R.E. (1995) Multivariate morphometric discrimination of nymphal and adult forms of the Blacklegged tick (Acari: Ixodidae), a principal vector of the agent of Lyme disease in eastern North America. J Med Entomol 32: 827-842.
17. Hyland, K.E. and Matthewson, J.A. (1966) The ectoparasites of Rhode Island mammals. I. The Ixodid tick fauna. Wildl Dis 11: 1-14.
18. Jackson, J.O. and Defoliart, G.R. (1970) Ixodes scapularis (Say) in northern Wisconsin. J Med Entomol 7: 124-125.
19. Jukes, T.H. and Cantor, C.R. (1969) Evolution of protein molecules. Mammalian Protein Metabolism (Munro, H.T., ed.), pp. 21-132. Academic Press, New York.
20. Kellogg, E.A. and Appels, R. (1995) Intraspecific and interspecific variation in 5S RNA genes are decoupled in diploid wheat relatives. Genetics 140: 325-343.
21. Kierans, J.E. and Clifford, C.M. (1978) The genus Ixodes in the United States: a scanning electron microscope study and key to the adults. J Med Entomol 2 (Suppl.): 1-149.
22. Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16: 111-120.
23. Kumar, S., Tamura, K. and Nei, M. (1993) MEGA: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis, v. 1.01. The Pennsylvania State University Park, PA 16802.
24. Kwiatowski, J., Skarecky, D., Hernandez, S., Pham, D., Quijas, F. and Ayala, F.J. (1991) High fidelity of the polymerase chain reaction. Mol Biol Evol 8: 884-887.
25. McLain D.K., Wesson, D.M., Collins, F.H. and Oliver, J.H., Jr (1995a) Evolution of rDNA spacer, ITS-2, in the ticks Ixodes scapularis and I. pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae). Heredity 75: 303-319.
26. Merida, A.M., Mata, M., Molina, E., Porter, C.H. and Black, W.C., IV (1995) Variation in ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers among populations of Anopheles albimanus in South and Central America. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 469-477.
27. Miller, B.R., Crabtree, M.B. and Savage, H.M. (1996) Phylogeny of fourteen Culex mosquito species, including the Culex pipiens complex, inferred from the internal transcribed spacers of ribosomal DNA. Insect Mol Biol 5: 93-107.
28. Nei, M. and Li, W.-H. (1979) Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 5463-5467.
29. Norris, D.E., Klompen, J.S.H., Kierans, J.E. and Black, W.C., IV (1996) Population genetics of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) based on mitochondrial 16S and 12S genes. J Med Entomol 33 78-89.
30. Oliver, J.H., Jr., Owsley, M.R., Hutcheson, H.J., James, A.M., Chen, C-S., Irby, W.S., Dotson, E.M. and McLain, D.K. (1993) Conspecificity of the ticks Ixodes scapularis and I. dammini (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 30: 54-63.
31. Porter, C.H. and Collins, F.H. (1991) Species diagnostic differences in a ribosomal DNA transcribed spacer from sibling species Anopheles freeborni and Anopheles hermsii (Diptera: Culicidae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 45: 271-279.
32. Rich, S.M., Caporale, D.A., Telford, S.R., III, Kocher, T.D., Hartl, D.L. and Spielman, A. (1995) Distribution of the Ixodes ricinus-like ticks of eastern North America. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92: 6284-6288.
33. Saitou, N. and Nei, M. (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4: 406-425
34. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F. and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York.
35. Spielman, A., Clifford, C.M., Piesman, J. and Corwin, M.D. (1979) Human babesiosis on Nantucket Island, USA: description of the vector, Ixodes (Ixodes) dammini n.sp. (Acarina: Ixodidae). J Med Entomon 15: 218-234.
36. Suzuki, H., Miyashita, N., Moriwaki, K. Kominami, R., Muramatsu, M., Kenehisa, T., Bonhomme, F., Petras, M.L., Yu, Z. and Lu, D. (1986) Evolutionary implication of heterogeneity of the nontranscribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA repeating units in various subspecies of Mus musculus. Mol Biol Evol 3: 126-137.
37. Volger, A.P. and DeSalle, R. (1994) Evolution and phylogenetic information content of the ITS-1 region in the Tiger Beetle Cicindela dorsalis. Mol Biol Evol 11: 393-405
38. Wesson, D.M., Porter, C.H. and Collins, F.H. (1992) Sequence and secondary structure comparisons of ITS rDNA in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Mol Phylogen Evol 1: 253-269.
39. Wesson, D.M., McLain, D.K., Oliver, J.H., Piesman, J. and Collins, F.H. (1993) Investigation of the validity of species status of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) using rDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 10221-10225.
40. Williams, S.M., Debry, R.W. and Feder, J.L. (1988) A commentary on the use of ribosomal DNA in systematic studies. Syst Zool 37: 60-62.
41. Zimmer, E.A., Martin, S.L., Beverley, S.M., Kan, Y.W. and Wilson, A.C. (1980) Rapid duplication and loss of genes coding a chains of hemoglobin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77: 2158-2162.