Cross-cultural reliability and validity of a scale to measure firm entrepreneurial orientation

Journal of Business Venturing

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 213-225

  Knight, Gary A ^a  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031138991     PISSN: 08839026     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0883-9026(96)00065-1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Bagozzi, R.P., and Yi, Y. 1988. On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 16(Spring):74-94.
2. Bagozzi, R.P., and Yi, Y., and Phillips, L.W. 1991. Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Administrative Science Quarterly 36(September):421-458.
3. Bentler, P.M. 1992. EQS Structural Equations Program Manual. Los Angeles, CA: BMDP Statistical Software, Inc.
4. Bourgeois, L. 1980. Strategy and environment: A conceptual integration. Academy of Management Review 5(January):25-39.
5. Burgelman, R. 1983. Corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management: Insights from a process study. Management Science 29(December):1349-1364.
6. Campbell, D. 1960. Recommendations for APA test standards regarding construct, trait or discriminant validity. American Psychologist 15(August):546-553.
7. Campbell, D., and Fiske, D. 1959. Convergent and discriminant validity by the multitrait-multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin 56(March):81-105.
8. Churchill, G.A. 1979. A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research 16(February):64-73.
9. Covin, J. 1991. Entrepreneurial versus conservative firms: A comparison of strategies and performance. Journal of Management Studies 28(5):439-462.
10. Covin, J., and Slevin, D. 1989. Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal 10(January):75-87.
11. Covin, J., and Slevin, D. 1991. A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 16(Fall):7-25.
12. Davis, D., Morris, M., and Allen, J. 1991. Perceived environmental turbulence and its effect on selected entrepreneurship, marketing, and organizational characteristics in industrial firms. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 19(1):43-51.
13. Davis, H., Douglas, S., and Silk, A. 1981. Measure unreliability: A hidden threat to cross-national marketing research? Journal of Marketing 45(Spring):98-109.
14. Dickson, P., and Giglierano, J. 1986. Missing the boat and sinking the boat: A conceptual model of entrepreneurial risk. Journal of Marketing 50(July):58-70.
15. Douglas, S.P., and Craig, C.S. 1983. International Marketing Research. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
16. Gerbing, D., and Anderson, J. 1988. An updated paradigm for scale development incorporating unidimensionality and its assessment. Journal of Marketing Research 25(May):186-192.
17. Hills, G., and LaForge, R. 1992. Research at the marketing interface to advance entrepreneurship theory. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 16(Spring):33-59.
18. Khandwalla, P. 1977. The Design of Organizations. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
19. Knight, G., Omura, G., Hills, G., and Muzyka, D. 1995. Research in marketing and entrepreneurship: An empirical analysis and comparison with historic trends. In G. Hills, D. Muzyka, G. Omura, and G. Knight, eds., Research at the Marketing/Entrepreneurship Interface. Chicago: University of Illinois.
20. Maclean's. 1996. Can Canada survive? Maclean's CBC news poll. January 1:14-33.
21. McKee, D.O., Varadarajan, P.R., and Pride, W.M. 1989. Strategic adaptability and firm performance: A market-contingent perspective. Journal of Marketing 53(July):21-35.
22. Miles, M., and Arnold, D. 1991. The relationship between marketing orientation and entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 15(Summer):49-65.
23. Miles, R.E., and Snow, C.C. 1978. Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. New York: McGraw-Hill.
24. Miller, D. 1983. The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science 29(7):770-791.
25. Miller, D., and Friesen, P. 1978. Archetypes of strategy formulation. Management Science 24(9): 921-933.
26. Miller, D., and Friesen, P. 1982. Innovation in conservative and entrepreneurial firms: two models of strategic momentum. Strategic Management Journal 3(January-March):1-25.
27. Miller, D., and Friesen, P. 1984. Organizations: A Quantum View. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
28. Mintzberg, H. 1973. The Nature of Managerial Work. New York: Harper and Row.
29. Netemeyer, R., Durvasula, S., and Lichtenstein, D. 1991. A cross-national assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research 28(August):320-327.
30. Peter, J.P. 1979. Reliability: A review of psychometric basics and recent marketing practices. Journal of Marketing Research 16(February):6-17.
31. Peter, J.P. 1981. Construct validity: A review of basic issues and marketing practices. Journal of Marketing Research 18(May):133-145.
32. Peters, T., and Waterman, R. 1982. In Search of Excellence. New York: Harper and Row.
33. Porter, M.E. 1990. The competitive advantage of nations. Harvard Business Review 68(March-April):73-93.
34. Sekaran, U., and Martin, H. 1982. An examination of the psychometric properties of some commonly researched individual differences, job, and organizational variables in two cultures. Journal of International Business Studies 13(Spring/Summer):51-65.
35. Snow, C., and Hrebiniak, L. 1980. Strategy, distinctive competence, and organizational performance. Administrative Science Quarterly 25(June):317-336.