Antisense down-regulation of metallothionein induces growth arrest and apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells

Cancer Gene Therapy

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 199-207

  Abdel Mageed, Asim B ^a   Agrawal, Krishna C ^a  

^a TULANE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antisense oligomers; Apoptosis; MCF7 cells; Metallothionein; Proto oncogenes

Indexed keywords

ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; COMPLEMENTARY DNA; DNA FRAGMENT; METALLOTHIONEIN; PROTEIN BCL 2; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE;

APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; BREAST TUMOR; CELL CULTURE; CELL DIVISION; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG EFFECT; ELECTROPORATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE VECTOR; GENETIC TRANSFECTION; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PLASMID; PROTO ONCOGENE;

APOPTOSIS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CELL DIVISION; DNA FRAGMENTATION; DNA, ANTISENSE; DOWN-REGULATION; ELECTROPORATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, NEOPLASTIC; GENETIC VECTORS; HUMANS; METALLOTHIONEIN; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES, ANTISENSE; PLASMIDS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-BCL-2; PROTO-ONCOGENES; RNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE; TRANSFECTION; TUMOR CELLS, CULTURED;

EID: 0031133179     PISSN: 09291903     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Kägi JHR, Schäffer A. Biochemistry of metallothionein. Biochemisty. 1988;27:8509-8515.
2. Kägi JHR. Overview of metallothionein. In: Riordan JF, Vallee BL, eds. Methods Enzymol. 1991;205:613-626.
3. Varshney U, Jahroudi N, Foster R, et al. Structure, organization and regulation of human metallothioncin-II gene: differential and cell-type-specific expression in response to heavy metals and glucocorticoids. Mol Cell Biol. 1986;6:26-37.
4. Karin M, Eddy RL, Nenry M, et al. Human metallothionein genes are clustered on chromosome 16. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1984;81:5494-5498.
5. Skrock P, Buchman C, Karin M. Regulation of human and yeast metallothionein gene transcription by heavy metal ions. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1993;380:113-128.
6. A gene. Nature. 1984;308:513-519.
7. Angel P, Imagawa M, Chiu R, et al. Phorbol ester inducible genes contain a common cis-element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor. Cell. 1987;49:727-739.
8. Kägi JHR, Kojima Y. Metallothionein II. Basel: Birkhauser; 1987.
9. Brady FO. Induction of metallothionein in rats. In: Riordan JF, Vallee BL, eds. Methods of Enzymol. 1991;205: 559-567.
10. Leyshon-Sorland K, Morkrid L, Rugstad HE. Metallothionein: a protein conferring resistance in vitro to tumor necrosis factor. Cancer Res. 1993;53:4874-4888.
11. Karin M, Anderson RD, Slater E, et al. Metallothionein mRNA induction in Hela cells in response to zinc and dexamethasone is a primary induction response. Nature. 1980;286:295-297.
12. Hashiba H, Hosoi J, Karasawa M, et al. Induction of metallothionein mRNA by tumor promoters in mouse skin and its constitutive expression in papillomas. Mol Carcinogen. 1989;2:95-100.
13. Garrett SH, Xiong X, Arizono K, et al. Phorbol ester induction of rat hepatic metallothionein in vivo and in vitro. Int J Biochem. 1992;24:1669-1676.
14. Baltimer RD. Molecular biology of metallothionein gene expression. In: Kägi JHR, Kojima Y, eds. Metallothionein II. Basel: Birkhauser; 1987:63-80.
15. Thornally PJ, Vasak M. Possible role for metallothionein in protection against radiation induced oxidative stress: kinetics and mechanism of its reaction with superoxide and hydroxyl radical. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1985;827:36-44.
16. Lazo JS, Pitt BR. Metallothioneins and cell death by anticancer drugs. Ann Rev Pharmcol. 1995;35:635-653.
17. Zeng J, Henchel R, Schaffner W, et al. Thionein (apometallothionein) can modulate DNA binding and transcription activation by zinc-finger containing factor Sp1. FEBS Lett. 1991;279:310-312.
18. Wlostowski T. Involvement of metallothionein and copper in cell proliferation. Biometals. 1993;6:71-76.
19. Tsujikawa K, Suzuki N, Sagawa K, et al. Induction and subcellular localization of metallothionein in regenerating rat liver. Eur J Cell Biol. 1994;63:240-246.
20. Cherian MG, Huang PC, Klaassen CD, et al. National Cancer Institute workshop on the possible role of metallothionein in carcinogenesis. Meeting report. Cancer Res. 1993;53:922-925.
21. Beir B, Doulgas-Jones A, Totsch M, et al. Immunohistochemical demonstration of metallothionein in normal human breast tissue and benign and malignant breast lesions. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1994;30:213-221.
22. Schmid KW, Ellis IO, Gee JM, et al. Presence and possible significance of immunohistochemically demonstrable metallothionein over expression in primary invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1993;422:153-159.
23. Reid A, Pereira H, Galea M, et al. Metallothionein in human breast cancer. J Pathol (Suppl). 1992;167:29A.
24. Haerslev T, Jacobsen K, Nedergaard L, Zedeler K. Immunohistochemical detection of metallothionein in primary breast carcinomas and their axillary lymph node metastases. Pathol Res Practice. 1994;190:675-681.
25. Murphy D, McGown AT, Crowther D, et al. Metallothionein levels in ovarian tumors before and after chemotherapy. Br J Cancer. 1991;63:711-714.
26. Zegler B, Hittmair A, Schir M, et al. Immunohistochemically demonstrated metallothionein expression in malignant melanoma. Histopathology. 1993;23:257-264.
27. Nartey N, Banerjee D. Immunohistochemical localization of metallothionein in human thyroid tumors. Am J Pathol. 1987;129:177.
28. Chin JL, Banerjee D, Kadhim SA, et al. Metallothionein in testicular germ cell tumors and drug resistance. Clin Correl Cancer. 1993;72:3029-3035.
29. Bahnson RR, Banner BF, Ernstoff MS, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of metallothionein in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol. 1991;146:1518-1520.
30. Saika T, Tsushima T, Nasu Y, et al. Histopathological study of metallothionein in bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi-Japanese J of Urology. 1992;83:636-642.
31. Iversen PL, Mata JE, Ebadi M. Synthetic antisense oligonucleotide probes the essentiality of metallothionein gene. Biol Signals. 1992;1:293-299.
32. Sanes JR, Rubenstein JL, Nicolas JF. Use of a recombinant retrovirus to study post-implantation cell lineage in mouse embryos. EMBO J. 1986;5:3133-3142.
33. Karin M, Richards RI. Human metallothionein genesprimary structure of the metallothionein-II gene and a related processed gene. Nature. 1982;299:797-802.
34. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989.
35. Leibbrandt MEI, Khokha R, Koropatnick J. Antisense down-regulation of metallothionein in human monocytic cell line alters adherence, invasion and respiratory burst. Cell Growth Diff. 1994;5:17-25.
36. Kataoka S, Naito M, Fujita N, et al. Control of apoptosis and growth of malignant T lymphoma cells by lymph node stromal cells. Exp Cell Res. 1993;207:271-276.
37. Kerr JFR, Winterford CM. Apoptosis: its significance in cancer and cancer therapy. Cancer. 1994;73:2013-2026.
38. Hockenbery D, Nunez G, Milliman C, et al. Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death. Nature. 1990;348:334-336.
39. Strasser A, Harris A, Cory S. Bcl-2 transgene inhibits T cell death and perturbs thymic self-censorship. Cell. 1991;67: 889-899.
40. Shi Y, Glynn JM, Guilbert LJ, et al. Role for c-myc in activation-induced apoptotic cell death in T-cell hybridomas. Science. 1990;257:212-214.
41. Askew DS, Ashmun RA, Simmons BC, Cleveland JL. Constitutive c-myc expression in IL-3-dependent myeloid cell line suppresses cell cycle arrest and accelerates apoptosis. Oncogens. 1991;6:1915-1922.
42. Bissonnette RP, Echeverri F, Mahboubi A, Green DR. Apoptotic cell death induced by c-myc is inhibited by bcl-2. Nature. 1992;359:552-554.
43. Evans GI, Wyllie AH, Gilbert CS, et al. Induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell. 1992;69: 119-128.
44. Yonish-Rouach E, Resnitzky D, Lotem J, et al. Wild-type p53 induces apoptosis of myeloid leukemic cells that is inhibited by interleukin-6. Nature. 1991;352:345-347.
45. Miyashita T, Krajewski S, Krajewska M, et al. Tumor suppressor p53 is a regulator of bcl-2 and bax gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Oncogene. 1994;9:1799-805.
46. Selvakumaran M, Lin HK, Miyashita T, et al. Immediate early up-regulation of bax expression by p53 but not TGFβ1: a paradigm for distinct apoptotic pathway. Oncogene. 1994;6:1791-1798.
47. Smeyne RJ, Vandrellk M, Hayward M, et al. Continuous c-fos expression precedes programmed cell death in vivo. Nature. 1993;363:166-169.
48. Martin SJ, Green DR, Cotter TG. Dicing with death: dissecting the components of the apoptosis machinery. Trends Biochem Sci. 1994;19:26-30.
49. 2+. Biochem Biophys Commun. 1991;181:915-920.
50. Andrews GK, Huet-Hudson YM, Paria BC, et al. Metallothionein gene expression and metal regulation during preimplantation mouse embryo development (MT mRNA during early development). Dev Biol. 1991;145:13-27.
51. Fresno M, Wu W, Rodriguez JM, Nadji M. Localization of metallothionein in breast carcinomas: an immunohistochemical study. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1993;423:215-219.
52. Fanidi A, Harrington EA, Evan GI. Cooperative interaction between c-myc and bcl-2 proto-oncogene. Nature. 1992;359:554-556.
53. Leyshon-Sorland K, Morkrid L, Rugstad HE. Metallothionein: a protein conferring resistance in vitro to tumor necrosis factor. Cancer Res. 1993;53:4874-4880.
54. Schmidt CJ, Hamer DH. Cell specificity and an effect of ras on human metallothionein gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83:3346-3350.
55. Leslie KO, Howard P. Oncogenes and antioncogenes in human breast carcinoma. In: Rosen PP, Fechner RE, eds., Pathology Annual, Part 1, San Mateo, CA: Appleton and Lange; 1992;27:321-342.
56. Hilburger CL, Gogu SR, Rider BJ, et al. Regulation of metallothionein mRNA in human hepatoma (HEP3B) cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biopl Phys. 1994;29:397-402.