Values, Assumptions, and Practices: Assessing the Moral Implications of Psychological Discourse and Action

American Psychologist

Volumn 52, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 517-535

  Prilleltensky, Isaac ^a  

^a WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS; EMPATHY; FREEDOM; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MEDICAL ETHICS; MENTAL HEALTH THERAPIES; MISCELLANEOUS NAMED GROUPS; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PHILOSOPHY; PROFESSIONAL PATIENT RELATIONSHIP; PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL WELFARE; SOCIOECONOMICS; VULNERABLE POPULATION;

BIOETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS; MENTAL HEALTH THERAPIES; PROFESSIONAL PATIENT RELATIONSHIP;

EMPATHY; ETHICS, PROFESSIONAL; FREEDOM; HEALTH CARE RATIONING; HUMANS; PERSONAL AUTONOMY; PERSONS; PHILOSOPHY; POSTMODERNISM; PROFESSIONAL-PATIENT RELATIONS; PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY; SOCIAL VALUES; SOCIAL WELFARE; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; VULNERABLE POPULATIONS;

EID: 0031129171     PISSN: 0003066X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.517     Document Type: Article

References (201)

1. Albee, G. W. (1977). The Protestant ethic, sex, and psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 32, 150-161.
2. Albee, G. W. (1986). Toward a just society: Lessons from observations on the primary prevention of psychopathology. American Psychologist, 41, 891-898.
3. Albee, G. W. (1990). The futility of psychotherapy. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 11, 369-384.
4. Albert, M., Cagan, L., Chomsky, N., Hahnel, R., King, M., Sargent, L., & Sklar, H. (1986). Liberating theory. Boston: South End Press.
5. American Psychological Association. (1992). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 47, 1597-1612.
6. Aronowitz, S. (1996). Towards radicalism: The death and rebirth of the American left. In D. Trend (Ed.), Radical democracy: Identity, citizenship, and the state (pp. 81-101). New York: Routledge.
7. Avineri, S., & De-Shalit, A. (1992). Introduction. In S. Avineri & A. De-Shalit (Eds.), Communitarianism and individualism (pp. 1-11). New York: Oxford University Press.
8. Baier, K. (1973). The concept of value. In E. Laszlo & J. B. Wilbur (Eds.), Value theory in philosophy and social science (pp. 1-11). New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.
9. Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of human existence. Chicago: Rand McNally.
10. Baritz, L. (1974). The servants of power: A history of the use of social science in American industry. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
11. Barlow, M., & Campbell, B. (1995). Straight through the heart: How the liberals abandoned the just society. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: HarperCollins.
12. Bell, D. (1993). Communitarianism and its critics. Oxford, England: Clarendon.
13. Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S. M. (1985). Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life. New York: Harper & Row.
14. Benhabib, S. (1996). From identity politics to social feminism: A plea for the nineties. In D. Trend (Ed.), Radical democracy: Identity, citizenship, and the state (pp. 27-41). New York: Routledge.
15. Benhabib, S., & Dallmayr, F. (Eds.). (1991). The communicative ethics controversy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
16. Bernstein, R. J. (1983). Beyond objectivism and relativism: Science, hermeneutics, and praxis. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
17. Boyte, H. C., & Riessman, F. (Eds.). (1986). The new populism: The politics of empowerment. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
18. Bramel, D., & Friend, R. (1981). Hawthorne, the myth of the docile worker, and class bias in psychology. American Psychologist, 36, 867-878.
19. Breggin, P. R., & Breggin, G. R. (1994). The war against children. New York: St. Martin's Press.
20. Brown, L. S. (1994). Subversive dialogues: Theory in feminist therapy. New York: Basic Books.
21. Brown, L. S. (1997). Ethics in psychology: Cui bono? In D. Fox & I. Prilleltensky (Eds.), Critical psychology: An introduction (pp. 51-67). London: Sage.
22. Brown, R. H. (1994). Reconstructing social theory after the postmodern critique. In H. W. Simons & M. Billig (Eds.), After postmodernism: Reconstructing ideology critique (pp. 12-37). London: Sage.
23. Bulhan, H. A. (1985). Franz Fanon and the psychology of oppression. New York: Plenum Press.
24. Burman, E. (1990). Differing with deconstruction: A feminist critique. In I. Parker & J. Shotter (Eds.), Deconstructing social psychology (pp. 208-220). New York: Routledge.
25. Burman, E. (1994). Deconstructing developmental psychology. New York: Routledge.
26. Burman, E., & Parker, I. (1993). Introduction - Discourse analysis: The turn to the text. In E. Burman & I. Parker (Eds.), Discourse analytic research (pp. 1-13). London: Routledge.
27. Bursztajn, H. J., Gutheil, T. G., & Cummins, B. (1987). Conflict and synthesis: The comparative anatomy of ethical decision making. In S. J. Reiser, H. J. Bursztajn, P. S. Appelbaum, & T. G. Gutheil (Eds.), Divided staffs, divided selves: A case approach to mental health ethics (pp. 17-40). New York: Cambridge University Press.
28. Canadian Psychological Association. (1991). A Canadian code of ethics for psychologists. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Author.
29. Chesler, P. (1989). Women and madness (2nd ed.). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
30. Cloud, D. L. (1994). "Socialism of the mind": The new age of post-Marxism. In H. W. Simons & M. Billig (Eds.), After postmodernism: Reconstructing ideology critique (pp. 222-254). London: Sage.
31. Cohen, D. (Ed.). (1994). Challenging the therapeutic state, Part Two: Further disquisitions on the mental health system [Special issue]. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 15(1).
32. Corey, G., Corey, M., & Callanan, P. (1993). Issues and ethics in the helping professions (4th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
33. Cowen, E. L. (1994). The enhancement of psychological wellness: Challenges and opportunities. American Journal of Community Psychology, 22, 149-180.
34. Danziger, K. (1990). Constructing the subject: Historical origins of psychological research. New York: Cambridge University Press.
35. Dawes, R. M. (1994). House of cards: Psychology and psychotherapy built on myth. New York: Free Press.
36. DeVaris, J. (1994). The dynamics of power in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 31, 588-593.
37. Doherty, W. J. (1995). Soul searching: Why psychotherapy must promote moral responsibility. New York: Basic Books.
38. Dokecki, P. (1996). The tragi-comic professional: Basic considerations for ethical reflective-generative practice. Pittsburgh, PA: Duquesne University Press.
39. Doppelt, G. (1988). Beyond liberalism and communitarianism: Towards a critical theory of social justice. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 14, 271-292.
40. Dryden, W., & Feltham, C. (Eds.). (1992). Psychotherapy and its discontents. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
41. Duckett, L. J., & Ryden, M. B. (1994). Education for ethical nursing practice. In J. R. Rest & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Moral development in the professions: Psychology and applied ethics (pp. 51-70). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
42. Dunst, C., Trivette, C., & Deal, A. (1988). Enabling and empowering families. Cambridge, MA: Brookline.
43. Etzioni, A. (1991). A responsive society. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
44. Etzioni, A. (1993). The spirit of community. New York: Touchstone.
45. Etzioni, A. (Ed.). (1995). Rights and the common good: The communitarian perspective. New York: St. Martin's Press.
46. Facione, P. A., Scherer, D., & Attig, T. (1978). Values and society: An introduction to ethics and social philosophy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
47. Fine, M., & Vanderslice, V. (1992). Qualitative activist research: Reflections on methods and politics. In F. B. Bryant, J. Edwards, R. S. Tindale, E. J. Posavac, L. Heath, E. Henderson, & Y. Suarez-Balcazar (Eds.), Methodological issues in applied social psychology (pp. 199-218). New York: Plenum Press.
48. Fishkin, J. S. (1984). Beyond subjective morality: Ethical reasoning and political philosophy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
49. Flinders, D. J. (1992). In search of ethical guidance: Constructing a basis for dialogue. Qualitative Studies in Education, 5, 101-115.
50. Fowers, B. J. (1993). Psychology as public philosophy: An illustration of the moral dimension of psychology with marital research. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 13, 124-136.
51. Fowers, B. J., & Richardson, F. C. (1996). Why is multiculturalism good? American Psychologist, 51, 609-621.
52. Fox, D. R. (1985). Psychology, ideology, utopia, and the commons. American Psychologist, 40, 48-58.
53. Fox, D. R. (1993a). The autonomy-community balance and the equity-law distinction: Anarchy's task for psychological jurisprudence. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 11, 97-109.
54. Fox, D. R. (1993b). Psychological jurisprudence and radical social change. American Psychologist, 48, 234-241.
55. Fox, D. R. (1996). The law says corporations are persons, but psychology knows better. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 14, 339-359.
56. Fox, D. R., & Prilleltensky, I. (1996). The inescapable nature of politics in psychology: A response to O'Donohue and Dyslin. New Ideas in Psychology, 14, 21-26.
57. Fox, D., & Prilleltensky, I. (Eds.). (1997). Critical psychology: An introduction. London: Sage.
58. Frankena, W. K. (1963). Ethics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
59. Frazer, E., & Lacey, N. (1993). The politics of community: A feminist critique of the liberal-communitarian debate. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
60. Freedheim, D. K. (Ed.). (1992). History of psychotherapy: A century of change. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
61. Freire, P. (1975). Cultural action for freedom. Harvard Educational Review Monograph, 1, 1-55.
62. Galbraith, J. K. (1996). The good society. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
63. Gardner, R. C., & Esses, V. M. (Eds.). (1996). Ethnic relations in a multicultural society [Special issue]. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 28(3).
64. George, V., & Wilding, P. (1976). Ideology and social welfare. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
65. Gergen, K. J. (1992). Social construction and moral action. In D. Robinson (Ed.), Social discourse and moral judgment (pp. 9-27). New York: Academic Press.
66. Gergen, K.J. (1994). Exploring the postmodern: Perils or potentials? American Psychologist, 49, 412-416.
67. Gil, D. G. (1996). Preventing violence in a violent society: Mission impossible. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 66, 77-84.
68. Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
69. Grusky, D. B. (1994). The contours of social stratification. In D. B. Grusky (Ed.), Social stratification: Class, race, and gender in sociological perspective (pp. 1-35). Boulder, CO: Westview.
70. Guisinger, S., & Blatt, S. J. (1994). Individuality and relatedness: Evolution of a fundamental dialectic. American Psychologist, 49, 104-111.
71. Gurman, A. S., & Messer, S. B. (Eds.). (1995). Essential psychotherapies: Theory and practice. New York: Guilford Press.
72. Haas, L. J., & Malouf, J. L. (1989). Keeping up the good work: A practitioner's guide to mental health ethics. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Exchange.
73. Habermas, J. (1990a). Justice and solidarity: On the discussion concerning "stage 6." In M. Kelly (Ed.), Hermeneutics and critical theory in ethics and politics (pp. 21-42). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
74. Habermas, J. (1990b). Moral consciousness and communicative action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
75. Halberstam, J. (1993). Everyday ethics. New York: Viking Press.
76. Hall, P. M. (1983). Individualism and social problems: A critique and an alternative. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 19, 85-94.
77. Halleck, S. (1971). The politics of therapy. New York: Science House.
78. Harding, S. (1991). Whose science? Whose knowledge? Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
79. Hare-Mustin, R. T. (1994). Discourses in the mirrored room: A post-modern analysis of therapy. Family Process, 33, 19-35.
80. Hare-Mustin, R., & Marecek, J. (1986). Autonomy and gender: Some questions for therapists. Psychotherapy, 23, 205-212.
81. Hare-Mustin, R., & Marecek, J. (1994, August). Feminism and post-modernism: Dilemmas and points of resistance. Paper presented at the 102nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles.
82. Herman, E. (1995). The romance of American psychology: Political culture in the age of experts. Berkeley: University of California Press.
83. Hodgins, S. (1996). The major mental disorders: New evidence requires new policy and practice. Canadian Psychology, 37, 95-111.
84. Holmes, J., & Lindley, R. (1989). The values of psychotherapy. New York: Oxford University Press.
85. Holmes, S. (1993). The anatomy of antiliberalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
86. Howitt, D. (1991). Concerning psychology: Psychology applied to social issues. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
87. Huszczo, G. E., Wiggins, J. G., & Currie, J. S. (1984). The relationship between psychology and organized labor. American Psychologist, 39, 432-440.
88. Jordan, A. E., & Meara, N. M. (1990). Ethics and the professional practice of psychologists: The role of virtues and principles. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 107-114.
89. Jordan, J. V., Kaplan, A. G., Miller, J. B., Stiver, I. P., & Surrey, J. L. (Eds.). (1991). Women's growth in connection. New York: Guilford Press.
90. Kane, R. (1994). Through the moral maze: Searching for absolute values in a pluralistic world. New York: Paragon.
91. Kateb, G. (1989). Individualism, communitarianism, and docility. Social Research, 56, 921-942.
92. Keith-Spiegel, P., & Koocher, G. P. (1985). Ethics in psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
93. Kekes, J. (1993). The morality of pluralism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
94. Kendler, H. H. (1994). Can psychology reveal the ultimate values of humankind? American Psychologist, 48, 970-971.
95. Kimball, M. M. (1994). The worlds we live in: Gender similarities and differences. Canadian Psychology, 35, 388-404.
96. Kirschner, S. R. (1993). Introduction to special issue: Inescapable moralities - Psychology as public philosophy. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 13, 87-89.
97. Kitzinger, C. (1997). Lesbian and gay psychology: A critical analysis. In D. Fox & I. Prilleltensky (Eds.). Critical psychology: An introduction (pp. 202-216). London: Sage.
98. Korten, D. C. (1995). When corporations rule the world. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
99. Kultgen, J. (1988). Ethics and professionalism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
100. Kurtines, W. M., Azmitia, M., & Gewirtz, J. L. (Eds.). (1992). The role of values in psychology and human development. New York: Wiley.
101. Kvale, S. (Ed.). (1992). Psychology and postmodernism. London: Sage.
102. Kymlicka, W. (1990). Contemporary political philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press.
103. Lakin, M. (1991). Coping with ethical dilemmas in psychotherapy. New York: Pergamon Press.
104. Lather, P. (1992). Postmodernism and the human sciences. In S. Kvale (Ed.), Psychology and postmodernism (pp. 88-109). London: Sage.
105. Lerman, H., & Porter, N. (Eds.). (1990). Feminist ethics in psychotherapy. New York: Springer.
106. Macedo, D. (1994). Literacies of power: What Americans are not allowed to know. Boulder, CO: Westview.
107. MacIntyre, A. (1984). The virtues, the unity of a human life, and the concept of a tradition. In M. J. Sandel (Ed.), Liberalism and its critics (pp. 125-148). New York: New York University Press.
108. Mack, J. E. (1994). Power, powerlessness, and empowerment in psychotherapy. Psychiatry, 57, 178-198.
109. Mair, K. (1992). The myth of therapist expertise. In W. Dryden & C. Feltham (Eds.), Psychotherapy and its discontents (pp. 135-159). Philadelphia: Open University Press.
110. Marecek, J., & Hare-Mustin, R. T. (1991). A short history of the future: Feminism and clinical psychology. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 521-536.
111. Margolis, J. (1992). Psychotherapy vs. morality. In R. B. Miller (Ed.), The restoration of dialogue: Readings in the philosophy of clinical psychology (pp. 85-98). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
112. Martín-Baró, I. (1994). Writings for a liberation psychology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
113. Maxwell, M. (1991). Moral inertia. Niwot: University of Colorado Press.
114. Mayton, D. M., Ball-Rokeach, S. J., & Loges, W. E. (1994). Human values and social issues: An introduction. Journal of Social Issues, 50, 1-8.
115. McKnight, J. (1995). The careless society: Community and its counterfeits. New York: Basic Books.
116. McLaren, P. L., & Lankshear, C. (Eds.). (1994). Politics of liberation: Paths from Freire. New York: Routledge.
117. McNamee, S., & Gergen, K. (Eds.). (1992). Therapy as social construction. London: Sage.
118. McNicoll, P. (Ed.). (1993). Cultural diversity: Voice, access, and involvement [Special issue]. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 12(2).
119. Melnyk, G. (1985). The search for community: From utopia to a cooperative society. New York: Black Rose Books.
120. Miller, D. (1978). Social justice. Oxford, England: Clarendon.
121. Montero, M. (1992). Psicología de la liberación: Propuesta para una teoría psicosociológica [The psychology of liberation: A proposal for a psychosocial theory]. In H. Riquelme (Ed.), Otras realidades, otras vías de acceso: Psicología y psiquiatria transcultural en America Latina (pp. 133-149). Caracas, Venezuela: Editorial Nueva Sociedad.
122. Montero, M. (Ed.). (1994a). Construcción y crítica de la psicología social [Social construction and critique of social psychology]. Barcelona, Spain: Anthropos.
123. Montero, M. (1994b). Un paradigma para la psicología social: Reflexiones desde el quehacer en America Latina [A paradigm for social psychology: Reflections from Latin American realities]. In M. Montero (Ed.), Construcciôn y crítica de la psicología social (pp. 27-48). Barcelona, Spain: Anthropos.
124. Morawski, J. (1994). Practising feminisms, reconstructing psychology: Notes on a liminal science. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
125. Mouffe, C. (1996). Radical democracy or liberal democracy? In D. Trend (Ed.), Radical democracy: Identity, citizenship, and the state (pp. 19-26). New York: Routledge.
126. Mulhall, S., & Swift, A. (1996). Liberals and communitarians (2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Blackwell.
127. Napoli, D. S. (1981). Architects of adjustment: A history of the psychological profession in the United States. Port Washington, NY: National University Publications.
128. O'Donohue, W., & Dyslin, C. (1996). Abortion, boxing and Zionism: Politics and the APA. New Ideas in Psychology, 14, 1-10.
129. Olson, R. G. (1978). Ethics. New York: Random House.
130. O'Neill, J. (1995). The poverty of postmodernism. London: Routledge.
131. Osbeck, L. M. (1993). Social constructionism and the pragmatic standard. Theory and Psychology, 3, 337-350.
132. Parker, I. (1992). Discourse dynamics: Critical analysis for social and individual psychology. New York: Routledge.
133. Parker, I., & Shotter, J. (Eds.). (1990). Deconstructing social psychology. New York: Routledge.
134. Perkins, D. D., & Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Empowerment theory, research, and application. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 569-580.
135. Pettifor, J. L. (1986). Ethical standards for community psychology. Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 5(1), 39-48.
136. Pettifor, J. L. (1996). Ethics: Virtue and politics in the science and practice of psychology. Canadian Psychology, 37, 1-12.
137. Pilar Quintero, M. D. (1993). Psicología del colonizado [Psychology of the colonized]. Merida, Venezuela: Universidad de Los Andes.
138. Pilgrim, D. (1992). Psychotherapy and political evasions. In W. Dryden & C. Feltham (Eds.), Psychotherapy and its discontents (pp. 225-242). Bristol, PA: Open University Press.
139. Pope, K. S., & Vasquez, M. J. T. (1991). Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
140. Prilleltensky, I. (1994a). The morals and politics of psychology: Psychological discourse and the status quo. Albany: State University of New York Press.
141. Prilleltensky, I. (1994b). Psychology and social ethics. American Psychologist, 49, 966-967.
142. Prilleltensky, I., & Gonick, L. (1994). The discourse of oppression in the social sciences: Past, present, and future. In E. J. Trickett, R. J. Watts, & D. Birman (Eds.), Human diversity: Perspectives on people in context (pp. 145-177). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
143. Prilleltensky, I., & Gonick, L. (1996). Polities change, oppression remains: On the psychology and politics of oppression. Political Psychology, 17, 127-147.
144. Prilleltensky, I., & Nelson, G. (1997). Community psychology: Reclaiming social justice. In D. Fox & I. Prilleltensky (Eds.), Critical psychology: An introduction (pp. 166-184). London: Sage.
145. Prilleltensky, I., Rossiter, A., & Walsh-Bowers, R. (1996). Preventing harm and promoting ethical discourse in the helping professions: Conceptual, research, analytical, and action frameworks. Ethics and Behavior, 6, 287-306.
146. Prilleltensky, O. (1996). Women with disabilities and feminist therapy. Women and Therapy, 18, 87-97.
147. Ralph, D. (1983). Work and madness. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Black Rose.
148. Rappaport, J. (1987). Terms of empowerment/exemplars of prevention: Toward a theory for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 15, 121-148.
149. Rappaport, J. (1994). Empowerment as a guide to doing research: Diversity as a positive value. In E. J. Trickett, R. J. Watts, & D. Birman (Eds.), Human diversity: Perspectives on people in context (pp. 359-382). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
150. Ratcliffe, J., & Wallack, L. (1986). Primary prevention in public health: An analysis of basic assumptions. International Quarterly of Community Health Education, 6, 215-239.
151. Rawls, J. (1972). A theory of justice. New York: Oxford University Press.
152. Reiff, R. (1974). The control of knowledge: The power of the helping professions. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 10, 451-461.
153. Rest, J. R., & Narvaez, D. (Eds.). (1994). Moral development in the professions: Psychology and applied ethics. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
154. Richardson, F. C. (1995). Beyond relativism? Psychology and the moral dimension (Review of the book Social Discourse and Moral Judgment). Theory and Psychology, 5, 316-318.
155. Richardson, F. C., & Woolfolk, R. L. (1994). Social theory and values: A hermeneutic perspective. Theory and Psychology, 4, 199-226.
156. Riger, S. (1992). Epistemological debates, feminist voices: Science, social values, and the study of women. American Psychologist, 47, 730-740.
157. Riger, S. (1993). What's wrong with empowerment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 279-292.
158. Robinson, D. N. (Ed.). (1992). Social discourse and moral judgment. New York: Academic Press.
159. Rose, S., Lewontin, R. C., & Kamin, J. L. (1984). Not in our genes. New York: Viking Penguin.
160. Rosenau, P. M. (1992). Post-modernism and the social sciences: Insights, inroads, and intrusions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
161. Rowe, D. (1987). Avoiding the big issues and attending to the small. In S. Fairbairn & G. Fairbairn (Eds.), Psychology, ethics, and change (pp. 231-243). New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
162. Salladay, S. A. (1986). Ethical responsibility in mental health practice. In D. K. Kentsmith, S. A. Salladay, & P. A. Miya (Eds.), Ethics in mental health practice (pp. 13-30). New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
163. Sampson, E. E. (1993). Celebrating the other: A dialogic account of human nature. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
164. Sandel, M. J. (1996). Democracy's discontent: America in search of a public philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
165. Santiago, L. C., Serrano-García, I. S., & Perfecto, G. (1983). La psicología social-comunitaria y la teología de la liberación [Social-community psychology and the theology of liberation]. Boletín Asociación Venezolana de Psicología Social, VI, 15-21.
166. Sarason, S. B. (1981). Psychology misdirected. New York: Free Press.
167. Sarason, S. B. (1985). Caring and compassion in clinical practice. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
168. Sarason, S. B. (1996). Barometers of change: Individual, educational, and social transformation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
169. Saul, J. R. (1995). The unconscious civilization. Concord, Ontario, Canada: Anansi.
170. Selznick, P. (1995). Thinking about community: Ten theses. Society, 32(5), 33-37.
171. Serrano-García, I. (1994). The ethics of the powerful and the power of ethics. American Journal of Community Psychology, 22, 1-20.
172. Serrano-García, I., & Bond, M. A. (Eds.). (1994). Empowering the silent ranks [Special issue]. American Journal of Community Psychology, 22(4).
173. Shapiro, D. (1995). Liberalism and communitarianism. Philosophical Books, 36, 145-155.
174. Shotter, J. (1992). Social constructionism: Relativism, moral sources, and judgments of adequacy. In D. Robinson (Ed.), Social discourse and moral judgment (pp. 181-205). New York: Academic Press.
175. Sidgwick, H. (1922). The methods of ethics (7th ed.). London: Macmillan.
176. Simons, H. W., & Billig, M. (Eds.). (1994). After postmodernism: Reconstructing ideology critique. London: Sage.
177. Singer, P. (1993). Practical ethics (2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
178. Sloan, T. (1996). Damaged life: The crisis of the modern psyche. London: Routledge.
179. Smith, M. B. (1994). Selfhood at risk. American Psychologist, 49, 405-411.
180. Spinelli, E. (1994). Demystifying therapy. London: Constable.
181. Susko, M. A. (1994). Caseness and narrative: Contrasting approaches to people who are psychiatrically labeled. Journal of Mind and Behavior, 15, 87-112.
182. Sutherland, S. (1992). What goes wrong in the care and treatment of the mentally ill. In W. Dryden & C. Feltham (Eds.), Psychotherapy and its discontents (pp. 169-186). Bristol, PA: Open University Press.
183. Taylor, C. (1992). Multiculturalism and "the politics of recognition." Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
184. Tolman, C. (1994). Psychology, society, and subjectivity: An introduction to German critical psychology. London: Routledge.
185. Trend, D. (1996a). Democracy's crisis of meaning. In D. Trend (Ed.), Radical democracy: Identity, citizenship, and the state (pp. 7-18). New York: Routledge.
186. Trend, D. (Ed.). (1996b). Radical democracy: Identity, citizenship, and the state. New York: Routledge.
187. Trickett, E. J., Watts, R. J., & Birman, D. (Eds.). (1994). Human diversity: Perspectives on people in context. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
188. Tyler, F. B., Pargament, K. I., & Gatz, M. (1983). The resource collaborator role: A model for interactions involving psychologists. American Psychologist, 38, 388-398.
189. Ussher, J. M. (1992). Science sexing psychology: Positivistic science and gender bias in clinical psychology. In J. M. Ussher & P. Nicolson (Eds.), Gender issues in clinical psychology (pp. 39-67). New York: Routledge.
190. Vasquez, M. J. T., & Eldridge, N. S. (1994). Bringing ethics alive: Training practitioners about gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation issues. Women and Therapy, 15, 1-16.
191. Wallach, M. A., & Wallach, L. (1983). Psychology's sanction for selfishness. San Francisco: Freeman.
192. Watson, G., & Williams, J. (1992). Feminist practice in therapy. In J. M. Ussher & P. Nicolson (Eds.), Gender issues in clinical psychology (pp. 212-236). New York: Routledge.
193. Weisband, E. (Ed.). (1989). Poverty amidst plenty: World political economy and distributive justice. San Francisco: Westview Press.
194. Welfel, E. R., & Kitchener, K. S. (1992). Introduction to the special section: Ethics education - An agenda for the 90s. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 23, 179-181.
195. White, M., & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative means to therapeutic ends. New York: Norton.
196. Wilkinson, S. (1997). Feminist psychology. In D. Fox & I. Prilleltensky (Eds.), Critical psychology: An introduction (pp. 247-264). London: Sage.
197. Williams, B. (1972). Morality: An introduction to ethics. New York: Harper & Row.
198. Wilson-Smith, A. (1996, July 1). Cutting back. Macleans, 109, 40-41.
199. Wolfe, A. (1989). Whose keeper? Social science and moral obligation. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
200. Zeig, J. K., & Munion, W. M. (Eds.). (1990). What is psychotherapy: Contemporary perspectives. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
201. Zimmerman, M. A., & Perkins, D. D. (Eds.). (1995). Empowerment theory, research, and application [Special issue]. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5).