Evaluations of ingroup and outgroup members: The role of category-based expectancy violation

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 244-275

  Bettencourt, B Ann ^a   Dill, Karen E ^a   Greathouse, Scott A ^a   Charlton, Kelly ^a   Mulholland, Amy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031128628     PISSN: 00221031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jesp.1996.1323     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Anderson N. H. Likableness ratings of 555 personality-trait words. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 9:1968;272-279.
2. Baron R. M., Kenny D. A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 51:1986;1173-1182.
3. B. A. Bettencourt, 1989, May, Evaluation extremity: The role of expectancy on intergroup evaluations.
4. B. A. Bettencourt, 1990, (Effects of manipulation of expectancy violation on evaluations of different types).
5. Branscombe N. R., Wann D. L., Noel J. G., Coleman J. In-group or out-group extremity: Importance of the threatened social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 19:1993;381-388.
6. J. K. Burgoon, 1986, February, Expectancy violations: Theory, research, and critique.
7. Brewer M. B. Ingroup bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 86:1979;307-324.
8. Cedrus Corporation, 1991, SuperLab (version 1.4) [Computer software], Cedrus Corporation, Phoenix, AZ.
9. Clary E. G., Tesser A. Reactions to unexpected events: The naive scientist and interpretive activity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 9:1983;609-620.
10. Clore G. L., Schwarz N., Conway M. Affective causes and consequences of social information processing. Handbook of Social Cognition: Vol. 1. Basic Processes. 1994;Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
11. Coleman L. M., Jussim L., Kelly S. H. A study of stereotyping: Testing three models with a sample of blacks. Journal of Black Psychology. 21:1995;332-356.
12. Glick P., Zion C., Nelson C. What mediates sex discrimination in hiring decisions? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 55:1988;178-186.
13. Hass R. G., Katz I., Rizzo N., Bailey J., Eisenstadt D. Cross-racial appraisals as related to attitude ambivalence and cognitive complexity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 17:1991;83-92.
14. House W. C., Perney V. Valence of expected and unexpected outcomes as a function of locus of goal and type of expectancy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 29:1974;454-463.
15. Jackson L. A., Sullivan L. A., Hodge C. N. Stereotype effects on attributions, predictions, and evaluations: No two social judgments are quite alike. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 65:1993;69-84.
16. Jones E. E. Expectancy effects. Atkinson R. C., Lindzey G., Thompson R. F. Interpersonal perception. 1990;77-111 Freeman, New York.
17. Jussim L. Social perception and social reality: A reflection-construction model. Psychological Review. 98:1991;54-73.
18. Jussim L., Coleman L. M., Lerch L. The nature of stereotypes: A comparison and integration of three theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 52:1987;536-546.
19. Jussim L., Fleming C. J., Coleman L. M., Kohberger C. The nature of stereotypes II: A multiple-process model of evaluations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 26:1996;283-312.
20. Kirk R. E. Experimental design. 1982;Brooks Cole, Pacific Grove.
21. Linville P. W. The complexity-extremity effect and age-based stereotyping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 42:1982;193-210.
22. Linville P. W., Jones E. E. Polarized appraisals of outgroup members. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 38:1980;689-703.
23. Linville P. W., Fisher G. W., Salovey P. Perceived distributions of the characteristics of in-group and out-group members: Empirical evidence and a computer simulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57:1989;165-188.
24. Locksley A., Borgida E., Brekke N., Hepburn C. Sex stereotypes and social judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 39:1980;821-831.
25. Marques J. M., Robalo E. M., Rocha S. A. Ingroup bias and the "black sheep" effect: Assessing the impact of social identification and perceived variability on group judgements. European Journal of Social Psychology. 22:1992;331-352.
26. Marques J. M., Yzerbyt V. Y. The black sheep effect: Judgmental extremity towards ingroup members in inter- and intra-group situations. European Journal of Social Psychology. 18:1988;287-292.
27. Marques J. M., Yzerbyt V. Y., Lyens J. The black sheep effect: Extremity of judgments towards ingroup members as a function of group identification. European Journal of Social Psychology. 18:1988;1-16.
28. Millar M. G., Tesser A. Thought-induced attitude change: The effects of schema structure and commitment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 51:1986;1-11.
29. I. J. Roseman, A. A. Antoniou, P. E. Jose, 1992, Appraisal determinants of emotions: Revising current theories.
30. Tabachnick B. G., Fidell L. S. Using multivariate statistics. 1989;Harper & Row, New York.
31. Taynor J., Deaux K. When women are more deserving than men: Equity, attribution and perceived sex difference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 28:1973;360-367.
32. Tukey J. W. Data-based graphics: Visual display in the decades to come. Statistical Science. 5:1990;327-339.
33. Wilcox R. R. Statistics for the social sciences. 1995;Academic Press, San Diego.