Ferroelectric sources and their application to pulsed power: A review

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 212-220

  Fleddermann, Charles B ^a   Nation, John A ^a  

^a MSC01 1070   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATHODES; CURRENT DENSITY; ELECTRIC FIELD EFFECTS; ELECTRON BEAMS; FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS; HYSTERESIS; LEAD COMPOUNDS; SWITCHING;

LEAD LANTHANUM ZIRCONATE TITANATE; LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE; PULSED POWER APPLICATIONS;

ELECTRON SOURCES;

EID: 0031122989     PISSN: 00933813     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/27.602493     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. R.C. Miller and A. Savage, "Motion of 180° domain walls in metal electroded barium titanate crystals as a function of electric field and sample thickness," J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 3, pp. 662-669, 1960.
2. H. Gundel, H. Riege, E.J.N. Wilson, J. Handerek, and K. Zioutas, "Fast polarization changes in ferroelectrics and their application in accelerators," Nuct. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol 280, pp. 1-6, 1989.
3. _, "Copious electron emission from PLZT ceramics with a high zirconium concentration," Ferroelectrics, vol. 100, pp. 1-16, 1989.
4. J.D. Ivers, L. Schachter, J.A. Nation, G. S. Kerslick, and R. Advani, "Electron-beam diodes using ferroelectric cathodes," J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 73, pp. 2667-2671, 1993.
5. A.S. Airapetov, I.I. Ivanchik, A. N. Lebedev, I. V. Levshin, and N. A. Tikhomirova, "Pulsed exoemission of electrons during incomplete polarization reversal of ferroelectric materials," Sov. Phys Dokl. , vol. 35, pp. 267-271, 1990.
6. 3 ceramics excited by AC (50 ∼ Hz) electric field," Phys. Status Solidi, vol. A132, pp. 205-212, 1992.
7. L. Schachter, J.D. Ivers, J.A. Nation, and G. S. Kerslick, "The analysis of a diode with a ferroelectric cathode," J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 73, pp. 8097-8107, 1993.
8. G. Rosenman and I. Rez, "Electron emission from ferroelectric materials," J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 73, pp. 1904-1908 1993.
9. H. Riege, "Electron emission from ferroelectrics - A review," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. 340, pp. 80-89 1994.
10. G.A. Mesyatz, "Electron emission from a ferroelectric ceramic," Tech. Phys. Lett. , vol. 20, pp. 8-9, 1994.
11. H. Gundel, "Electron emission from a ferroelectric ceramic," Integr. Ferroelectrics, vol. 2, pp. 207-220, 1992.
12. S.E. Sampayan, G.J. Caporaso, C. L. Holmes, D. Prosnitz, D. O. Trimble, and G. A. Westenskow, "Emission from ferroelectric cathodes," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. 340, pp. 90-95, 1994.
13. B. Jiang, G. Kirkman, and N. Rhinehardt, "High brightness electron beam produced by a ferroelectric cathode," Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol. 66, pp. 1196-1198, 1995.
14. D. Flechtner, J.D. Ivers, G.S. Kerslick, J. A. Nation, and L. Schachter, "Ferroelectric electron beam sources," in Proc. High Power Particle Beams Conf. , San Diego, CA, 1994, vol. 1, pp. 487-490, 1994.
15. 3 ferroelectric cathodes using direct-current reset," Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol. 65, pp. 2612-2614, 1994.
16. 3 based thin film cathodes," Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol. 66, pp. 2183-2185, 1995.
17. J. Asano, S. Iwasaki, M. Okuyama, and Y. Hamakawa, "Electron emission from PZT ceramic by external pulsed electric fields-pulse voltage dependence of emitted charge," Jpn.J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 32, pp. 4282-4287, 1993.
18. S.E. Sampayan, G.J. Caporaso, W. J. Orvis and T. F. Wieskamp, "A review of ferroelectric cathode development and applications to emissive flat panel displays," Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab. , Preprint UCRL-JC-120507, Apr. 17, 1995.
19. C. Golkowski and D. Hammer, private communication.
20. U. Herleb and H. Riege,"Ion beam neutralization with ferroelectrically generated beams," presented at Beams'96 Conf. , Prague, Czech Republic, 1996.
21. Y. Higuma, Y. Matsui, M. Okayama, T. Nakagawa, and Y. Hamakawa, "MFS FET - A new type of nonvolatile memory switch using PLZT film," Jpn.J. Appl. Phys. Suppl. , vol. 17-1, pp. 209-214, 1978.
22. 3 ferroelectric ceramics for electrooptic applications," J. Amer. Ceramic Soc. , vol. 54, pp. 1-11, Jan. 1971.
23. H. Gundel, J. Handerek, and H. Riege, "Time-dependent electron emission from ferroelectrics by external pulsed electric fields," J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 69, pp. 975-982, Jan. 1991.
24. V.F. Puchkarev and G. Mesyats, "On the mechanism of emission from the ferroelectric ceramic cathode," J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 78, pp. 5633-5637, 1995.
25. M. Okuyama, J. Asano, and Y. Hamakawa, "Electron emission from lead-zirconate-titanate ferroelectric ceramic induced by pulse electric field," Jpn.J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 33, pp. 5506-5509, 1994.
26. D. Fletchner, C. Golkowski, J. Ivers, G. Kerslick, and J. Nation, "Electron emission from ferroelectric ceramics" submitted for publication.
27. H. Gundel and Meineke, "First simultaneous observation of electron emission from and switching current transient in PZT ferroelectric ceramic," Ferroelectrics, vol. 146, pp. 29-35, 1993.
28. H. Gundel, Electron Emission From Ferroelectrics: A New Generation of Pulsed Electron Beam Sources. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996.
29. K. Geissler, A. Meineke, H. Riege, K. Schmidt, and J. Handerek, "Intense laser-induced self-emission of electrons from ferroelectrics," Phys. Lett.A. vol. 176, pp. 387-392, 1993.
30. K. Geissler, A. Meineke, H. Riege, S. de Silvestri, M. Nisoli, O. Svelto, I. Boscolo, and J. Handerek, "Femtosecond laser-induced electron emission from ferroelectrics," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, vol. 372, pp. 567-571, 1996.
31. K. Geissler, A. Meineke, H. Riege, J. Handerek, H. Granzer, and D. Suchland, "Enhancement of laser-induced electron emission from ferroelectrics by surface charge refreshment," Phys. Lett. A, vol. 166, pp. 84-88, 1992.
32. V.S. Kortov and R.I. Mints," Exoelectronic emission during phase transitions in ferroelectric materials," Sov. Phys. - Solid State, vol. 9, p. 1436, Dec. 1967.
33. 3," Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol. 25, pp. 17-19, July 1974.
34. 3 :Fe," Sov. Phys. -Solid State, vol. 21, pp. 1086-1087, June 1979.
35. G.I. Rosenman, O.V. Malyshkina, and Y. L. Chepelev, "Electron emission at switching of ferroelectrics," Ferroelectrics, vol. 110, pp. 99-112, 1990.
36. 3 ferroelectric-ferroelastic in electric field," Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol. 56, pp. 689-691, Feb. 1990.
37. K. Biedrzycki, "Polarization reversal-induced electron emission from triglycine sulphate crystals," Ferroelectrics, vol. 119, pp. 33-39, 1991.
38. 3 single crystals," J. Phys. Chem. Solids, vol. 53, pp. 493-497, Apr. 1992.
39. S.P. Bugaev and G. A Mesyats, "Investigation of the pulsed breakdown mechanism at the surface of a dielectric in a vacuum. I Uniform field," Sov. Phys. -Tech. Phys. vol. 12, pp. 1358-1363, 1968.
40. R. Parker, R.E. Andersen, and C.V. Duncan, "Plasma-induced field emission and the characteristics of high-current relativistic electron flow," J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 45, pp. 2463-2479, 1976.
41. 3 ceramic cathodes," J. Appl. Phys. , vol. 79, pp. 3669-3674, 1996.
42. G. Rosenman, "High energy electron emission phenomenon from ferroelectric crystals," Ferroelectrics, vol. 126, pp. 305-309, 1992.