Modeling and microstructure development in spray forming

International Journal of Powder Metallurgy (Princeton, New Jersey)

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 50-60

  Doherty, Roger ^a   Cai, Cheng ^b   Warner Kohler, Leslie K ^c  

^a Drexel University   (United States)

^b CA Spalding Bensalem Inc   (United States)

^c NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMIZATION; CORRELATION METHODS; LIQUID METALS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METALLOGRAPHIC MICROSTRUCTURE; POROSITY; PROCESS CONTROL; SOLIDIFICATION;

SPRAY FORMING PROCESS;

METAL FORMING;

EID: 0031118255     PISSN: 08887462     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Spray Forming, ICSF III, Cardiff U.K., September 1996, edited by J.V. Wood, in Press.
2. S.Annavarapu and R.D.Doherty, "Evolution of Microstructure on Spray Forming" Intern J. of Powder Metall., 1993, vol. 29, p. 331.
3. P.S.Grant. " Spray Forming", Prog.in Mater. Sci., 1995, vol. 39, p. 497.
4. E.J.Lavernia and Y.Wu, Spray Atomization and Deposition, 1996 John Wiley, New York.
5. P.C.Mathur, D.Apelian and A.Lawley, "Analysis of Spray Deposition" Acta Metall. 1989, vol. 37, p. 429.
6. P.C.Mathur, S.Annavarapu, D.Apelian and A.Lawley, "Spray Casting: An Integral Model for Process Understanding and Control", Mater. Sci. Engr., 1991, vol. A142, p. 261.
7. C.Cai, S.Annavarapu and R.D.Doherty, "Modeling - Based Microstructural Control in Spray Forming", Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Spray Forming, Swansea U.K., 1993, edited by J. V. Wood, Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Abington Hall, Abinton, Cambridge UK. p.67.
8. E.J.Lavernia, E.M.Gutierrez, G.M.Trapaga, J.Szekely and N.J.Grant, "A Mathematical Model of The Liquid Dynamic Compaction Process: I Heat Transfer in Gas Atomization, and II Formation of the Deposit" Intern. J. of Rapid Solid., 1988, vol. 4, p. 89 and 125.
9. E.M.Gutierrez, E.J.Lavernia, G.M.Trapaga, J.Szekely and N.J.Grant, "A Mathematical Model of the Spray Deposition Process", Metall. Trans., 1989, vol. 20A, p. 71.
10. G.M.Trapaga, E.F. Matthys, J.J. Valencia and J.Szekely, "Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer and Solidification of Molten Metal Droplets Impinging on Substrates: Comarison of Numerical and Experimental Results", Metall. Trans., 1992, vol. 23B, p. 701.
11. C.Y.A.Tsao and N.J.Grant, "Modeling of the Liquid Dynamic Compaction Process", Intern. J. of Powder Metal., 1992, vol. 30, p. 323.
12. P.S.Grant, B.Cantor and L.Katgerman, "Modelling of Droplet Dynamics and Thermal Histories during Spray Forming" Acta Metall. and Mater., 1993, vol. 41, p. 3097 and 3109.
13. P.S.Grant, P.P.Maher and B.Cantor, "Heat Flow in Spray Formed Al-4Cu", Mater.Sci. and Engr. 1994, vol. A179, p. 72.
14. D.T.Gethin, J.O.Medwell and N.Muhamad," A Comparison of Lumped Parameter Numerical Techniques for Liquid Metal Sprays", ICSF I - First International Conferenece on Spray Forming (1990) Ed J.V.Wood., Osprey Metals, Red Jacket Works, Neath U.K.
15. U.Fritschung, H.Zhang and K.Bauckhage, "Modelling of Thermal Histories and Solidification in the Spray Cone and Deposit of Atomized and Compacted Metals", ICSF II - Second International Conferenece on Spray Forming, (1993) Ed. J.V.Wood, Woodhead Publishing, Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge UK, p.35.
16. J.Forrest, S.Lile and J.S.Combs, " Numerical Modelling of the Osprey Process", ibid, p.117.
17. D.Bradley, On the Atomization of a Liquid by High Velocity Gases", J.Appl. Phys., 1973, vol. 6, p. 1724 and 2267.
18. H.Lubanska, Correlation of Spray Ring Data for Gas Atomization of Liquid Metals", J. of Metals, 1970, vol. 20, p. 45.
19. R.D.Doherty, Modeling for Microstructural Control, Final Report to Office of Naval Research, Arlington VA 22214, (1996) N00014-89-J-P0001.
20. Cheng Cai, A Modeling Study for Design and Control of Spray Forming, Ph.D. Thesis, Drexel University, 1995.
21. V. Uhlenwinkel and K.Bauckhage, "Mass Flux Profile and Local Particle Size in the Spray Cone during Spray Forming of Steel, Copper and Tin", ICSF II - Second International Conferenece on Spray Forming, (1993) Ed. J.V.Wood, Woodhead Publishing, Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge UK, p.25.
22. M.C.Flemings, Solidification Processing, 1974, McGraw -Hill, New York, NY.
23. S.Annavarapu and R.D.Doherty, "Inhibited Coarsening of Solid-Liquid Microstructures in Spray Casting at High Volume Fraction Solid", Acta metall. mater., 1995, vol. 43, p. 3207.
24. A.G.Leatham, "Commercial Spray Forming: Exploiting the Metallurgical Benefits", Materials World., 1996, vol. 4, p. 317.
25. R.D.Payne, M.A.Matterson and A.L.Moran, Application of Neural Networks in Spray Forming", Intern J. of Powder Metall., 1993, vol. 29, p. 345.
26. M.A.Matterson, R.D.Payne, C.J.Madden and A.L.Moran, An Approach to Modeling the Spray Forming Process with Articicial Neural Networks", ICSF II - Second International Conferenece on Spray Forming, (1993) Ed. J.V.Wood, Woodhead Publishing, Ltd., Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge UK, p. 105
27. A.L.Moran, C.J.Madden and R.E.Rebis, "Industrialization and Certification of Large Diameter Spray Formed Components for Military Applications", ibid, p. 165
28. L.Warner, C.Cai, S.Annavarapu and R.D.Doherty, "Modelling Microstructural Development in Spray Forming: Experimental Vertification", JCSF III, Cardiff U.K., September 1996, edited by J.V. Wood, in Press.
29. R.P.Underhill, P.S.Grant and B.Cantor, "Microstructure of Spray Formed Aluminum Alloy 26 18", The Processing, Properties and Applications of Metallic and Ceramic Materials, Engineering Materials Advisory Services Ltd., U.K., 1992, vol. 2, p. 1161.
30. M.G. Chu, S.J.Pien and R.L.Kozarek, (1995) Private Communication.
31. R.H.Bricknell, "The Structure and Properties of a Nickel-Base Superalloy Produced by Osprey Atomization-Deposition", Metall. Trans., 1986, vol. 17A, p. 583.
32. J.W.Martin, R.D.Doherty and B.Cantor, Stability of Microstructure in Metallic Systems, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, U.K., 1997.
33. L.Warner, "Experimental Studies of Spray Forming" M.S. Thesis, Drexel University, 1997.
34. D.Spencer, R.Mehrebian and M.C.Flemings, "Rheological Behavior of Sn-15%Pb in the Crystallization Range" Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, p. 1925.
35. R.D.Doherty, E.A.Feest and Ho-In Lee, "Microstructure of Stir-Cast Alloys", Mater. Sci. and Eng., 1984, vol. 65, p. 181.
36. M.Pechulis, V.Saccamondi and R.D.Doherty, Research in Progress, Drexel University, 1997.
37. H. Biloni and W.J. Boettinger, "Solidification" in Physical Metallurgy edited by R.W.Cahn and P.Haasen, 4th Edition, 1996 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, p.670.
38. K.Bauckhage, H.H.Floegel, U.Fritsching and R.Hiller, "The Phase-Doppler-Difference-Method. a New Laser-Doppler Technique for Simulataneous Size and Velocity Measurements", Particle Charac., 1988, vol. 5, p. 66.
39. B.Bewley and B.Cantor, "Modeling of Spray Deposition: Measurements of Particle Size, Gas Velocity, Particle, Velocity and Spray Temperature in Gas Atomized Sprays", Metal. Trans., 1990, vol. 21B, p. 899.