Important Differences in Clinical Data from Third, Second, and First Generation Periodontal Probes

Journal of Periodontology

Volumn 68, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 335-345

  Breen, Harry J ^a   Rogers, Pauline A ^b   Lawless, Helena C ^a   Austin, Johanne S ^a   Johnson, Newell W ^c  

^a PHLS Statistics Unit ^*  (United Kingdom)

^b PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND   (United Kingdom)

^c KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Comparative study; Periodontal attachment; Periodontal probes

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FEMALE; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOLOGY; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PERIODONTICS; PERIODONTITIS; REPRODUCIBILITY; SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; CHRONIC DISEASE; EQUIPMENT DESIGN; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERIODONTAL ATTACHMENT LOSS; PERIODONTAL POCKET; PERIODONTICS; PERIODONTITIS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SINGLE-BLIND METHOD;

EID: 0031113561     PISSN: 00223492     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1902/jop.1997.68.4.335     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Black GV. The fibres and glands of the periodontal membrane. Dental Cosmos 1899;41:101-122.
2. Black GV. A Work on Special Dental Pathology. 3rd ed. Chicago: Medico-Dental Publishing Company; 1924;158-165.
3. Simonton GW. Examination of the mouth with special reference to pyorrhea. J Am Dent Assoc 1925;12:287-295.
4. Ramfjord S. Indices for prevalence and incidence of periodontal disease. J Periodontol 1959;30:51-59.
5. van der Velden U, de Vries JH. Introduction of a new periodontal probe: The pressure probe. J Clin Periodontol 1978;5:188-197.
6. Vitek RM, Robinson PJ. Lautenschlager EP. Development of a force controlled periodontal probing instrument. J Periodont Rev 1979;14: 93-94.
7. Tromp JAH, Corba NHC. Borsboom PCF, Fidler VJ. Reproducibility of a new pocket probe applying a constant force. J Dent Res 1979;58(Spec. Issue):2258(Abstr. 40).
8. Jeffcoat MK, Jeffcoat RL, Jens SC, Captain KA. New periodontal probe with automated cemento-enamel junction detection. J Clin Periodontol 1986;13:276-280.
9. McCulloch CAG, Birek P, Hardy V. Comparison of gingival attachment level measurements with an automated periodontal probe and a pressure-sensitive probe. J Dent Res 1987;22:348-352.
10. Gibbs CH. Hirschfeld JW, Lee JG, et al. Description and clinical evaluation of a new computerized periodontal probe - Florida Probe. J Clin Periodontol 1988;15:137-144.
11. Goodson JM, Kondon N. Periodontal pocket depth measurements by fibre optic technology. J Clin Dent 1988;1:35-38.
12. Hunter FM, Martin ND, Godfrey K, Hume WR. Comparison of the quality of clinical data derived from using conventional periodontal probes versus that obtained using a pressure-sensitive disposable probe. J Dent Res 1991;70:587(Abstr. 2567).
13. Gold SI. Diagnostic techniques in periodontology: A historical review. Periodontol 2000 1995;7:9-21.
14. Pihlstrom BL. Measurement of attachment level in clinical trials: Probing methods. J Periodontol 1992;63:1072-1077.
15. Perry DA, Taggart EJ, Leung A, Newbrun E. Comparison of a conventional probe with electronic and manual pressure-regulated probes. J Periodontol 1994;65:908-913.
16. Glavind L, Löe H. Errors in the clinical assessment of periodontal destruction. J Periodont Res 1967;2:179-184.
17. Hassel T, Germann MA, Saxer UP. Periodontal probing: Inter-investigator discrepancies and correlations between probing force and recorded depths. Helv Odontol Acta 1973;17:38-42.
18. van der Velden U, de Vries JH. The influence of probing force on the reproducibility of pocket depth measurements. J Clin Periodontol 1980;7:414-420.
19. Freed HK, Gapper RL, Kalkwarf KL. Evaluation of probing forces. J Periodontol 1983;54:488-492.
20. Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J. Reproducibility of probing attachment level measurements. J Periodontol 1984;11:475-485.
21. Kalkwarf KL, Kaldahl WB, Patil KD. Comparison of manual and pressure controlled periodontal probing. J Periodontol 1986;57:467-471.
22. Simons P, Watts T. Validity of a hinged constant force probe and a similar immobilised probe in untreated periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1987;14:581-587.
23. Watts T. Constant force probing with and without a stent in untreated periodontitis cases: The clinical reproducibility problem and possible sources of error. J Clin Periodontol 1987;14:407-411.
24. Magnusson I, Fuller WW, Heins PI, et al. Correlations between electronic and visual readings of pocket depths with a newly developed constant force probe. J Clin Periodontol 1988;15:180-184.
25. Magnusson I, Clark WB, Marks RG, Gibbs CH, Manouchehr-Pour M, Low SB. Attachment level measurements with a constant force electronic probe. J Clin Periodontol 1988;15:185-188.
26. Walsh TF, Saxby MS. Inter- and intra-examiner variability using standard and constant force periodontal probes. J Clin Periodontol 1989;16:140-143.
27. Watts TLP. Probing site configuration in patients with untreated periodontitis: A study of horizontal positioning error. J Clin Periodontol 1989;16:529-533.
28. Karim M, Birek P, McCulloch CA. Controlled force measurements of gingival attachment level made with the Toronto automated probe using electronic guidance. J Clin Periodontal 1990;17:594-600.
29. Osborn J, Stoltenberg J, Huso B, Aeppli D, Pihlstrom B. Comparison of measurement variability using a standard and constant force periodontal probe. J Periodontol 1990;61:497-503.
30. Marks RG, Low SB, Taylor M, Baggs R, Magnusson I, Clark WB. Reproducibility of attachment level measurements with two models of the Florida Probe. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18:780-784.
31. Lang NP, Nyman S, Senn C, Joss A. Bleeding on probing as it relates to probing pressure and gingival health. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18:257-261.
32. Osborn JB, Stoltenberg JL, Huso B, Aeppli D, Pihlstrom B. Measurement variability in moderate periodontitis using a conventional and constant force electronic probe. J Periodontol 1992;63:283-298.
33. Clark WB, Yang MCK, Magnusson I. Measuring clinical attachment: Reproducibility of relative measurements with an electronic probe. J Periodontol 1992;63:831-838.
34. Yang MCK, Marks RR, Magnusson I, Clouser B, Clark WB. Reproducibility of an electronic probe in relative attachment level measurements. J Clin Periodontol 1992;19:541-548.
35. Quirynen M, Callens A, van Steenberghe D, Nys M. Clinical evaluation of a constant force electronic probe. J Periodontol 1993;64: 35-39.
36. Mintzer RE, Derdivanis JP. Automated probing and recording. Curr Opin Periodontol 1993;60-66.
37. Mullally BH, Linden GJ. Comparative reproducibility of proximal probing depth using electronic pressure-controlled and hand probing. J Clin Periodontol 1994;21:284-288.
38. Wang S-F, Leknes KN, Zimmerman GJ, Sigurdsson TJ, Wikesjö UME, Selvig KA. Reproducibility of periodontal probing using a conventional manual and an automated force-controlled electronic probe. J Periodontol 1995;66:38-46.
39. Breen HJ, Rogers PA, Johnson NW. Evaluation of periodontal data from Hunter and Borodontic pressure probes. J Dent Res 1992;72 (Spec. Issue):581 (Abstr. 529).
40. Griffiths GSG, Wilton JMA, Curtis MA, et al. Detection of highrisk groups and individuals for periodontal diseases: Clinical assessment of the periodontium. J Clin Periodontol 1988;15:403-410.
41. Persson GR. Effects of line-angle versus midproximal periodontal probing measurements on prevalence estimates of periodontal disease. J Periodont Res 1991;26:527-529.
42. Miller AJ, Brunelle JA. Carlos J, Brown LI, Löe H. Oral Health of United States Adults. Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Dental Research; 1987: NIH publication no. 87-2868.
43. Breen HJ. Physical probing reproducibility and site-specific attachment level change in chronic adult periodontitis. [PhD Thesis]. London, UK: University of London; 1995;63-137.
44. Heft MW, Perelmuter SH, Magnusson I, Clark WB. Relationship between gingival inflammation and painfulness of periodontal probing. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18:213-215.
45. Abbas F, Hart AAM, Oosting J, van der Velden U. Effect of training and probing force on the reproducibility of pocket depth measurements. J Periodont Res 1982;17:226-234.
46. Cercek JF, Kiger RD, Garrett S, Egelberg J. Relative effects of plaque control and instrumentation on the clinical parameters of human periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 1983;10:46-56.
47. Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J. Effect of nonsurgical therapy. I. Moderately advanced pertodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1981;8: 57-72.
48. Watts TLP, Beards CF, Ewing PD, Leeman S. Periodontal disease activity: A development strategy for its investigation by means of accurate 3-dimensional clinical measurement. J Clin Periodontol 1995;22:201-207.
49. Armitage GC. Biological Basis of Periodontal Maintenance Therapy. Berkeley, CA: Praxis Publishing Company; 1980;21:
50. Aeppli D, Boen J, Bandt C. Measuring and interpreting increase in probing depth and attachment loss. J Periodontol 1985;56:260-264.
51. Janssen PTM, Faber JAJ, van Palenstein Helderman WH. Effect of probing depth and bleeding tendency on the reproducibility of probing depth measurements. J Clin Periodontol 1988;15:565-568.
52. Kingman A, Löe H, Boysen H. Errors in measuring parameters associated with periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol 1991;62: 477-486.
53. Kingman A. Statistical management of periodontal data. Periodontol 2000 1993;2:46-56.
54. Breen HJ. Physical probing reproducibility and site-specific attachment level change. [PhD Thesis]. London, UK: University of London; 1995:96 p.
55. Mayfield L, Bratthall G, Attstrom R. Periodontal probe precision using 4 different periodontal probes. J Clin Periodontol 1996;23: 76-82.
56. Watts TLP. Periodontal inflammation and attachment loss: A critical problem for biological studies. Oral Dis 1995;1:254-258.