Long-Term Fitness Training Improves the Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythm in Healthy Elderly Males

Journal of Biological Rhythms

Volumn 12, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 146-156

  Van Someren, Eus J W ^a   Lijzenga, Cees ^b   Mirmiran, Majid ^a   Swaab, Dick F ^a  

^a NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE FOR NEUROSCIENCE   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Actigraphy; Activity; Aging; Circadian rhythm; Exercise; Fitness; Physical activity; Sleep

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; FITNESS; HUMAN; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PERIODICITY; PHYSICAL EDUCATION; PHYSIOLOGY; REST; TIME;

ACTIVITY CYCLES; AGED; AGING; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; HUMANS; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING; PHYSICAL FITNESS; REST; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 0031110999     PISSN: 07487304     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/074873049701200206     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Albrecht D and Davidowa H (1993) Extraretinal modulation of geniculate neuronal activity by conditioning. Prog Brain Res 95:271-286.
2. Amir S and Stewart J (1996) Resetting of the circadian clock by a conditioned stimulus. Nature 379:542-545.
3. Aschoff J, Figala J, and Poppel E (1973) Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) measured with two different techniques. J Comp Physiol Psychol 85:20-28.
4. Badia P, Myers B, Boecker M, Culpepper J, and Harsh JR (1991) Bright light effects on body temperature, alertness, EEG and behavior. Physiol Behav 50:583-588.
5. Bashore TR (1989) Age, physical fitness, and mental processing speed. Ann Rev Gerontol Geriatr 9:120-144.
6. Bliwise DL (1993) Sleep in normal aging and dementia. Sleep 16:40-81.
7. Bunnell DE, Treiber SP, Phillips NH, and Berger RJ (1992) Effects of evening bright light exposure on melatonin, body temperature and sleep. J Sleep Res 1:17-23.
8. Campbell SS (1984) Duration and placement of sleep in a "disentrained" environment. Psychophysiology 21:106-113.
9. Campbell SS and Dawson D (1990) Enhancement of nighttime alertness and performance with bright ambient light. Physiol Behav 48:317-320.
10. Campbell SS, Dawson D, and Anderson MW (1993) Alleviation of sleep maintenance insomnia with timed exposure to bright light. J Am Geriatr Soc 41:829-836.
11. Carr DB, Reppert SM, Bullen B, Skrinar G, Beitins I, Arnold M, Rosenblatt M, Martin JB, and McArthur JW (1981) Plasma melatonin increases during exercise in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 53:224-225.
12. Chambers MJ (1994) Actigraphy and insomnia: A closer look (part 1). Sleep 17:405-408.
13. Chaouloff F (1989) Physical exercise and brain monoamines: A review. Acta Physiol Scand 137:1-13.
14. Dallosso HM, Morgan K, Bassey EJ, Ebrahim SB, Fentem PH, and Arie TH (1988) Levels of customary physical activity among the old and the very old living at home. J Epidemiol Community Health 42:121-127.
15. Davidowa H and Albrecht D (1992) Modulation of visually evoked responses in units of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat by somatic stimuli. Behav Brain Res 50:127-133.
16. Edgar DM, Dement WC, and Fuller CA (1993a) Effect of SCN lesions on sleep in squirrel monkeys: Evidence for opponent processes in sleep-wake regulation. J Neurosci 13:1065-1079.
17. Edgar DM, Martin CE, and Dement WC (1991) Activity feedback to the mammalian circadian pacemaker: Influence on observed measures of rhythm period length. J Biol Rhythms 6:185-199.
18. Edgar DM, Miller JD, Prosser RA, Dean RR, and Dement WC (1993b) Serotonin and the mammalian circadian system. II. Phase-shifting rat behavioral rhythms with serotonergic agonists. J Biol Rhythms 8:17-31.
19. Edinger JD, Morey MC, Sullivan RJ, Higginbotham MB, Marsh GR, Dailey DS, and McCall WV (1993) Aerobic fitness, acute exercise and sleep in older men. Sleep 16:351-359.
20. Gnaedinger R and Rosenberg RS (1992) Effect of wheel availability on free running activity and temperature rhythms in young and middle aged hamsters. Sleep Res 21:376.
21. Honma S, Honma K, and Hiroshige T (1991) Methamphetamine effects on rat circadian clock depend on actograph. Physiol Behav 49:787-795.
22. Home JA (1981) The effects of exercise upon sleep: A critical review. Biol Psychol 12:241-290.
23. Home JA and Staff LH (1983) Exercise and sleep: Body-heating effects. Sleep 6:36-46.
24. Hume KI, Van F, and Watson A (1996) Age and gender differences in home based sleep recordings. J Sleep Res 5(Suppl. 1):96.
25. Ibuka N and Kawamura H (1975) Loss of circadian rhythm in sleep-wakefulness cycle in the rat by suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions. Brain Res 96:76-81.
26. Janik D and Mrosovsky N (1993) Nonphotically induced phase shifts of circadian rhythms in the golden hamster: Activity-response curves at different ambient temperatures. Physiol Behav 53:431-436.
27. Janik D and Mrosovsky N (1994) Intergeniculate leaflet lesions and behaviorally-induced shifts of circadian rhythms. Brain Res 651:174-182.
28. Johnson RF, Moore RY, and Morin LP (1988a) Running wheel activity in hamsters with hypothalamic damage. Physiol Behav 43:755-763.
29. Johnson RF, Smale L, Moore RY, and Morin LP (1988b) Lateral geniculate lesions block circadian phase-shift responses to a benzodiazepine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:5301-5304.
30. Joy JE, Losee-Olson S, and Turek FW (1989) Single injections of triazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, lengthen the period of the circadian activity rhythm in golden hamsters. Experientia 45:152-154.
31. Kleitman N (1963) Sleep and Wakefulness, 2nd ed, Chicago University Press, Chicago.
32. Krause DN and Dubocovich ML (1990) Regulatory sites in the melatonin system of mammals. Trends Neurosci 13:464-470.
33. L'Hermite-Balériaux M, Casteels S, De Meirleir K, Baeyens L, and L'Hermite M (1986) Human melatonin in physiologic and diseased states: Neural control of the rhythm. J Neural Transm 21(Suppl.): 486.
34. Lavie P (1989) To nap, perchance to sleep: Ultradian aspects of napping. In Sleep and Alertness: Chronobiological, Behavioral, and Medical Aspects of Napping, DF Dinges and RJ Broughton, eds, pp 99-120, Raven, New York.
35. McArthur AJ, Gillette MU, and Prosser RA (1991) Melatonin directly resets the rat suprachiasmatic circadian clock in vitro. Brain Res 565:158-161.
36. Meijer GA, Westerterp KR, Seyts GH, Janssen GM, Saris WH, and Hoor F (1991) Body composition and sleeping metabolic rate in response to a 5-month endurance-training programme in adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 62:18-21.
37. Meyer-Bernstein EL and Morin LP (1996) Differential serotonergic innervation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the intergeniculate leaflet and its role in circadian rhythm modulation. J Neurosci 16:2097-2111.
38. Mirmiran M, Overdijk J, Witting W, Klop A, and Swaab DF (1988) A simple method for recording and analysing circadian rhythms in man. J Neurosci Methods 25:209-214.
39. Mirmiran M, Swaab DF, Kok JH, Hofman MA, Witting W, and Van Gool WA (1992) Circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in perinatal development, aging and Alzheimer's disease. In Progress in Brain Research, DF Swaab, MA Hofman, M Mirmiran, R Ravid, and FW Van Leeuwen, eds, pp 151-163, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
40. Mistlberger RE, Bergmann BM, and Rechtschaffen A (1987) Relationships among wake episode lengths, contiguous sleep episode lengths, and electroencephalographic delta waves in rats with suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions. Sleep 10:12-24.
41. Monk TH, Reynolds CF, Machen MA, and Kupfer DJ (1992) Daily social rhythms in the elderly and their relation to objectively recorded sleep. Sleep 15:322-329.
42. Monteleone P, Fuschino A, Nolfe G, and Maj M (1992) Temporal relationship between melatonin and cortisol responses to nighttime physical stress in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 17:81-86.
43. Monteleone P, Maj M, Fusco M, Orazzo C, and Kemali D (1990) Physical exercise at night blunts the nocturnal increase of plasma melatonin levels in healthy humans. Life Sci 47:1989-1995.
44. Moore RY (1992) The organization of the human timing system. In Progress in Brain Research, DF Swaab, MA Hofman, M Mirmiran, R Ravid, and FW Van Leeuwen, eds, pp 101-115, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
45. Morin LP (1991) Neural control of circadian rhythms as revealed through the use of benzodiazepines. In Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: The Mind's Clock, DC Klein, RY Moore, and SM Reppert, eds, pp 324-338, Oxford University Press, New York.
46. Morin LP and Blanchard J (1991a) Depletion of brain serotonin by 5,7-DHT modifies hamster circadian rhythm response to light. Brain Res 566:173-185.
47. Morin LP and Blanchard J (1991b) Serotonergic modulation of the hamster wheelrunning rhythm: Response to lighting conditions and food deprivation. Brain Res 566:186-192.
48. Mrosovsky N (1991) Double-pulse experiments with nonphotic and photic phase-shifting stimuli. J Biol Rhythms 6:167-179.
49. Mrosovsky N (1993) Tau changes after single nonphotic events. Chronobiol Int 10:271-276.
50. Mrosovsky N and Biello SM (1994) Nonphotic phase shifting in the old and the cold. Chronobiol Int 11:232-252.
51. Mrosovsky N and Salmon PA (1987) A behavioural method for accelerating re-entrainment of rhythms to new light-dark cycles. Nature 330:372-373.
52. Myers BL and Badia P (1995) Changes in circadian rhythms and sleep quality with aging: Mechanisms and interventions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 19:553-571.
53. Papadopoulos GC and Parnavelas JG (1990) Distribution and synaptic organization of serotoninergic and noradrenergic axons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat. J Comp Neurol 294:345-355.
54. Piercy J and Lack L (1988) Daily exercise can shift the endogenous circadian phase. In Sleep Research, vol 17, p 393.
55. Pollak CP, Perlick D, and Linsner JP (1992) Daily sleep reports and circadian rest-activity cycles of elderly community residents with insomnia. Biol Psychiatry 32:1019-1027.
56. Reebs SG and Mrosovsky N (1989) Large phase-shifts of circadian rhythms caused by induced running in a re-entrainment paradigm: The role of pulse duration and light. J Comp Physiol A 165:819-825.
57. Renfrew JW, Pettigrew KD, and Rapoport SI (1987) Motor activity and sleep duration as a function of age in healthy men. Physiol Behav 41:627-634.
58. Ronkainen H, Vakkuri O, and Kauppila A (1986) Effects of physical exercise on the serum concentration of melatonin in female runners. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 65:827-829.
59. Ruby NF and Heller HC (1996) Temperature sensitivity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of ground squirrels and rats in vitro. J Biol Rhythms 11:126-136.
60. Saavedra JM, Palkovits M, Brownstein MJ, and Axelrod J (1974) Serotonin distribution in the nuclei of the rat hypothalamus and preoptic region. Brain Res 77:157-165.
61. Schmidt K, Koehler W, and Pflug B (1990) Locomotor activity accelerates re-entrainment of the circadian temperature rhythm to a delayed sleep-wake cycle in man. In Second Annual Meeting of the Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms, p 33, Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms, Wheat Ridge, CO.
62. Shioiri T, Takahashi K, Yamada N, and Takahashi S (1991) Motor activity correlates negatively with free-running period, while positively with serotonin contents in SCN in free-running rats. Physiol Behav 49:779-786.
63. Skene DJ, Vivien-Roels B, Sparks DL, Hunsaker JC, Pevet P, Ravid D, and Swaab DF (1990) Daily variation in the concentration of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol in the human pineal gland: Effect of age and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 528:170-174.
64. Smale L, Michels KM, Moore RY, and Morin LP (1990) Destruction of the hamster serotonergic system by 5,7-DHT: Effects on circadian rhythm phase, entrainment and response to triazolam. Brain Res 515:9-19.
65. Sokolove PG and Bushell WN (1978) The chi-square periodogram: Its utility for analysis of circadian rhythms. J Theor Biol 72:131-160.
66. Starkey SJ, Walker MP, Beresford IJM, and Hagan RM (1995) Modulation of the rat suprachiasmatic circadian clock by melatonin in vitro. Neuroreport 6:1947-1951.
67. Strassman RJ, Appenzeller O, Lewy AJ, Qualls CR, and Peake GT (1989) Increase in plasma melatonin, beta-endorphin, and cortisol after a 28.5-mile mountain race: Relationship to performance and lack of effect of naltrexone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 69:540-545.
68. Swaab DF (1991) Brain aging and Alzheimer's disease, "wear and tear" versus "use it or lose it." Neurobiol Aging 12:317-324.
69. Swaab DF, Fliers E, and Partiman TS (1985) The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia. Brain Res 342:37-44.
70. Takahashi K, Shimoda K, Yamada N, Sasaki Y, and Hayashi S (1986) Effect of dorsal midbrain lesion in infant rats on development of circadian rhythm. Brain Dev 8:373-381.
71. Theron JJ, Oosthuizen JM, and Rautenbach MM (1984) Effect of physical exercise on plasma melatonin levels in normal volunteers. S Afr Med J 66:838-841.
72. Trinder J, Stevenson J, Paxton SJ, and Montgomery I (1982) Physical fitness, exercise, and REM sleep cycle length. Psychophysiology 19:89-93.
73. Turek FW, Penev P, Zhang Y, Van Reeth O, and Zee P (1995) Effects of age on the circadian system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 19:53-58.
74. Van de Kar LD and Lorens SA (1979) Differential serotonergic innervation of individual hypothalamic nuclei and other forebrain regions by the dorsal and median midbrain raphe nuclei. Brain Res 162:45-54.
75. Van Hilten JJ, Hoff JI, Middelkoop HA, and Roos RA (1994) The clinimetrics of hypokinesia in Parkinson's disease: Subjective versus objective assessment. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 8:117-121.
76. Van Reeth O, Sturis J, Byrne MM, Blackman JD, l'Hermite-Balériaux M, Leproult R, Oliner C, Refetoff S, Turek FW, and Van Cauter E (1994a) Nocturnal exercise phase delays circadian rhythms of melatonin and thyrotropin secretion in normal men. Am J Physiol 266:E964-E974.
77. Van Reeth O, Zhang X Reddy A, Zee P, and Turek FW (1993) Aging alters the entraining effects of an activity-inducing stimulus on the circadian clock. Brain Res 607:286-292.
78. Van Reeth O, Zhang Y, Zee PC, and Turek FW (1992) Aging alters feedback effects of the activity-rest cycle on the circadian clock. Am J Physiol 263:R981-R986.
79. Van Reeth O, Zhang Y, Zee PC, and Turek FW (1994b) Grafting fetal suprachiasmatic nuclei in the hypothalamus of old hamsters restores responsiveness of the circadian clock to a phase shifting stimulus. Brain Res 643:338-342.
80. Van Someren EJW, Hagebeuk EEO, Lijzenga C, Scheltens P, De Rooij SEJA, Jonker C, Pot A-M, Mirmiran M, and Swaab DF (1996a) Circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 40:259-270.
81. Van Someren EJW, Kessler A, Mirmiran M, and Swaab DF (1995) Indirect bright light affects circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances of demented patients. Sleep Res 24A:552.
82. Van Someren EJW, Lazeron RHC, Vonk BFM, Mirmiran M, and Swaab DF (1996b) Gravitational artifact in frequency spectra of movement acceleration: Implications for actigraphy in young and elderly subjects. J Neurosci Methods 65:55-62.
83. Van Someren EJW, Lijzenga C, Mirmiran M, and Swaab DF (1994) Effect of physical activity on the circadian system in the elderly. In Environment and Physiology, BN Mallick and R Singh, eds, pp 153-163, Narosa, New Delhi.
84. Van Someren EJW, Mirmiran M, and Swaab DF (1993a) Non-pharmacological treatment of sleep and wake disturbances in aging and Alzheimer's disease: Chronobiological perspectives. Behav Brain Res 57:235-253.
85. Van Someren EJW, Scherder EJA, and Swaab DF (1996c) Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) improves circadian rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer's disease. J Sleep Res 5(Suppl. 1): 237.
86. Van Someren EJW, Van Gool WA, Vonk BFM, Mirmiran M, Speelman JD, Bosch DA, and Swaab DF (1993b) Ambulatory monitoring of tremor and other movements before and after thalamotomy: A new quantitative technique. J Neurol Sci 117:16-23.
87. Weaver DR, Stehle JH, Stopa EG, and Reppert SM (1993) Melatonin receptors in human hypothalamus and pituitary: Implications for circadian and reproductive responses to melatonin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 76:295-301.
88. Westerterp KR, Meijer GA, Schoffelen P, and Janssen EM (1994) Body mass, body composition and sleeping metabolic rate before, during and after endurance training. Eur J Appl Physiol 69:203-208.
89. Wickland C and Turek FW (1994) Lesions of the thalamic intergeniculate leaflet block activity-induced phase shifts in the circadian activity rhythm of the golden hamster. Brain Res 660:293-300.
90. Winget CM, Vernikos-Danellis J, Cronin SE, Leach CS, Rambaut PC, and Mack PB (1972) Circadian rhythm asynchrony in man during hypokinesis. J Appl Physiol 33:640-643.
91. Witting W, Kwa IH, Eikelenboom P, Mirmiran M, and Swaab DF (1990) Alterations in the circadian rest-activity rhythm in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 27:563-572.