메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 171-182

Effect of the middle ear reflex on sound transmission to the inner ear of rat

Author keywords

Acoustic reflex; Cochlear microphonic potential; Electromyography; Middle ear muscle reflex; Rat; Stapedius muscle

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC REFLEX; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; COCHLEA POTENTIAL; ELECTROMYOGRAM; FEMALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SOUND TRANSMISSION;

EID: 0031106895     PISSN: 03785955     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5955(96)00206-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (32)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0026589813 scopus 로고
    • Hypothetical roles of middle ear muscles in the guinea-pig
    • Avan, P., Loth, D., Menguy, C. and Teyssou, M. (1992) Hypothetical roles of middle ear muscles in the guinea-pig. Hear. Res. 59, 59-69.
    • (1992) Hear. Res. , vol.59 , pp. 59-69
    • Avan, P.1    Loth, D.2    Menguy, C.3    Teyssou, M.4
  • 2
    • 0025079719 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological aspects of the middle ear muscle reflex in the rat: Latency, rise time and effect on sound transmission
    • Berge, v.d. H., Kingma, H., Kluge, C. and Marres, E.H.MA. (1990) Electrophysiological aspects of the middle ear muscle reflex in the rat: latency, rise time and effect on sound transmission. Hear. Res. 48, 209-220.
    • (1990) Hear. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 209-220
    • Berge, V.D.H.1    Kingma, H.2    Kluge, C.3    Marres, E.H.M.A.4
  • 3
    • 0015406667 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of middle ear sound transmission in the nonanesthetized rabbit
    • Borg, E. (1971) Regulation of middle ear sound transmission in the nonanesthetized rabbit. Acta Physiol. Scand. 86, 175-190.
    • (1971) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.86 , pp. 175-190
    • Borg, E.1
  • 4
    • 0015366551 scopus 로고
    • Excitability of the acoustic m. stapedius and m. tensor tympani reflexes in the nonanesthetized rabbit
    • Borg, E. (1972a) Excitability of the acoustic m. stapedius and m. tensor tympani reflexes in the nonanesthetized rabbit. Acta Physiol. Scand. 85, 374-389.
    • (1972) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.85 , pp. 374-389
    • Borg, E.1
  • 5
    • 0015413879 scopus 로고
    • On the use of acoustic middle ear muscle reflexes in studies of auditory function in non-anesthetized rabbits
    • Borg, E. (1972b) On the use of acoustic middle ear muscle reflexes in studies of auditory function in non-anesthetized rabbits. Acta Otolaryngol. 74, 240-247.
    • (1972) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.74 , pp. 240-247
    • Borg, E.1
  • 6
    • 0015401710 scopus 로고
    • On the change in the acoustic impedance of the ear as a measure of middle ear muscle reflex activity
    • Borg, E. (1972c) On the change in the acoustic impedance of the ear as a measure of middle ear muscle reflex activity. Acta Otolaryngol. 74, 163-171.
    • (1972) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.74 , pp. 163-171
    • Borg, E.1
  • 7
    • 0015923505 scopus 로고
    • On the neuronal organization of the acoustic middle ear reflex. A physiological and anatomical study
    • Borg. E. (1973) On the neuronal organization of the acoustic middle ear reflex. A physiological and anatomical study. Brain Res. 49, 101-123.
    • (1973) Brain Res. , vol.49 , pp. 101-123
    • Borg, E.1
  • 8
    • 0014155555 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ethylalcohol and pentobarbital sodium on the acoustic middle ear reflex in man
    • Borg, E. and Møller. A.R. (1967) Effect of ethylalcohol and pentobarbital sodium on the acoustic middle ear reflex in man. Acta Otolaryngol. 64, 415-426.
    • (1967) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.64 , pp. 415-426
    • Borg, E.1    Møller, A.R.2
  • 9
    • 0014293435 scopus 로고
    • The acoustic middle ear reflex in unanesthetized rabbits
    • Borg, E. and Møller, A.R. (1968) The acoustic middle ear reflex in unanesthetized rabbits. Acta Otolaryngol. 65, 575-585.
    • (1968) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.65 , pp. 575-585
    • Borg, E.1    Møller, A.R.2
  • 10
    • 0016723923 scopus 로고
    • Effect of central depressants on the acoustic middle ear reflex in rabbit
    • Borg, E. and Møller, A.R. (1975) Effect of central depressants on the acoustic middle ear reflex in rabbit. Acta Physiol. Scand. 94, 327-338.
    • (1975) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.94 , pp. 327-338
    • Borg, E.1    Møller, A.R.2
  • 11
    • 0003095643 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic reflex in industrial noise
    • S. Silman (Ed.), Academic Press, Orlando, FL
    • Borg, E., Nilsson, R. (1984). Acoustic reflex in industrial noise. In: S. Silman (Ed.), The Acoustic Reflex, Academic Press, Orlando, FL, pp. 413-440.
    • (1984) The Acoustic Reflex , pp. 413-440
    • Borg, E.1    Nilsson, R.2
  • 12
    • 0015655833 scopus 로고
    • Stapedius reflex and speech features
    • Borg, E. and Zakrisson, J.E. (1973) Stapedius reflex and speech features. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54. 525-527.
    • (1973) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.54 , pp. 525-527
    • Borg, E.1    Zakrisson, J.E.2
  • 13
    • 0001963333 scopus 로고
    • Theories of middle-ear muscle function
    • S. Silman (Ed.), Academic Press, Orlando, FL
    • Borg, E., Counter, S.A. and Rösler. G. (1984) Theories of middle-ear muscle function. In: S. Silman (Ed.), The Acoustic Reflex, Academic Press, Orlando, FL. pp. 63-99.
    • (1984) The Acoustic Reflex , pp. 63-99
    • Borg, E.1    Counter, S.A.2    Rösler, G.3
  • 14
    • 0028069919 scopus 로고
    • Tuned hair cells for hearing, but tuned basilar membrane for overload protection: Evidence from dolphins, bats, and desert rodents
    • Braun. M. (1994) Tuned hair cells for hearing, but tuned basilar membrane for overload protection: evidence from dolphins, bats, and desert rodents. Hear. Res. 78, 98-114.
    • (1994) Hear. Res. , vol.78 , pp. 98-114
    • Braun, M.1
  • 15
    • 0011391099 scopus 로고
    • Non-acoustic factors influencing activity of middle ear muscles in waking cats
    • Carmel, P.W. and Starr, A. (1964) Non-acoustic factors influencing activity of middle ear muscles in waking cats. Nature 202, 195-196.
    • (1964) Nature , vol.202 , pp. 195-196
    • Carmel, P.W.1    Starr, A.2
  • 16
    • 0015527224 scopus 로고
    • Cochlear inner and outer hair cells: Functional differences
    • Dallos, P., Billone, M.C., Durrant, J.D., Wang, C.-Y. and Raynor, S. (1972) Cochlear inner and outer hair cells: functional differences. Science 177, 356-358.
    • (1972) Science , vol.177 , pp. 356-358
    • Dallos, P.1    Billone, M.C.2    Durrant, J.D.3    Wang, C.-Y.4    Raynor, S.5
  • 17
    • 0016984652 scopus 로고
    • Production of cochlear potentials by inner and outer hair cells
    • Dallos, P. and Cheatham, M.A. (1976) Production of cochlear potentials by inner and outer hair cells. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 510-512.
    • (1976) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.60 , pp. 510-512
    • Dallos, P.1    Cheatham, M.A.2
  • 18
    • 0024439421 scopus 로고
    • Nonlinearities in cochlear receptor potentials and their origins
    • Dallos. P. and Cheatham, M.A. (1989) Nonlinearities in cochlear receptor potentials and their origins. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 86, 1790-1796.
    • (1989) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.86 , pp. 1790-1796
    • Dallos, P.1    Cheatham, M.A.2
  • 19
    • 84864443050 scopus 로고
    • On the limitations of cochlear-microphonic measurements
    • Dallos, P., Schoeny, Z.G. and Cheatham, M.A. (1971) On the limitations of cochlear-microphonic measurements. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 49. 1144-1154.
    • (1971) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.49 , pp. 1144-1154
    • Dallos, P.1    Schoeny, Z.G.2    Cheatham, M.A.3
  • 20
    • 0000603848 scopus 로고
    • Modification of cochlear potentials produced by streptomycin poisoning and by extensive venous obstruction
    • Davis. H., Deatherage, B.H., Rosenblut, B., Fernandez, C., Kimura, R. and Smith, C.A. (1958) Modification of cochlear potentials produced by streptomycin poisoning and by extensive venous obstruction. Laryngoscope 68, 596-627.
    • (1958) Laryngoscope , vol.68 , pp. 596-627
    • Davis, H.1    Deatherage, B.H.2    Rosenblut, B.3    Fernandez, C.4    Kimura, R.5    Smith, C.A.6
  • 21
    • 0011436572 scopus 로고
    • An interpretation of the mechanical detector action of the cochlea
    • Davis, H. and Eldredge, D.H. (1959) An interpretation of the mechanical detector action of the cochlea. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 68, 665-674.
    • (1959) Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. , vol.68 , pp. 665-674
    • Davis, H.1    Eldredge, D.H.2
  • 22
    • 84950355123 scopus 로고
    • Startle responsiveness after habituation to different intensities of tone
    • Davis, M. and Wagner, A.R. (1968). Startle responsiveness after habituation to different intensities of tone. Psychonomic Sci. 12, 337-338.
    • (1968) Psychonomic Sci. , vol.12 , pp. 337-338
    • Davis, M.1    Wagner, A.R.2
  • 23
    • 84953656272 scopus 로고
    • Auditory-evoked potentials from cochlea to cortex as influenced by activation on the efferent olivocochlear bundle
    • Desmedt, J.E. (1962) Auditory-evoked potentials from cochlea to cortex as influenced by activation on the efferent olivocochlear bundle. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 1487-1496.
    • (1962) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.34 , pp. 1487-1496
    • Desmedt, J.E.1
  • 24
    • 0015237382 scopus 로고
    • Contrasting effects of centrifugal olivo-cochlear inhibition and of middle ear muscle contraction on the response characteristics of the cat's auditory nerve
    • Desmedt, J.E., LaGrutta, V. and LaGrutta, G. (1971) Contrasting effects of centrifugal olivo-cochlear inhibition and of middle ear muscle contraction on the response characteristics of the cat's auditory nerve. Brain Res. 30, 375-384.
    • (1971) Brain Res. , vol.30 , pp. 375-384
    • Desmedt, J.E.1    LaGrutta, V.2    LaGrutta, G.3
  • 25
    • 0000231977 scopus 로고
    • Augmentation of the cochlear microphonics by stimulation of efferent fibres to cochlea
    • Fex. J. (1959) Augmentation of the cochlear microphonics by stimulation of efferent fibres to cochlea. Acta Otolaryngol. 50, 540-541.
    • (1959) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.50 , pp. 540-541
    • Fex, J.1
  • 26
    • 0001858942 scopus 로고
    • Auditory activity in centrifugal and centripetal cochlear fibres in cat
    • Fex. J. (1962) Auditory activity in centrifugal and centripetal cochlear fibres in cat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 55 (Suppl. 189), 5-68.
    • (1962) Acta Physiol. Scand. , vol.55 , Issue.SUPPL. 189 , pp. 5-68
    • Fex, J.1
  • 27
    • 0001538981 scopus 로고
    • Suppression of auditory nerve activity by stimulation of efferent fibres to cochlea
    • Galambos, R. (1956) Suppression of auditory nerve activity by stimulation of efferent fibres to cochlea. J. Neurophysiol. 19, 424-437.
    • (1956) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.19 , pp. 424-437
    • Galambos, R.1
  • 28
    • 0000891793 scopus 로고
    • Action of the middle ear muscles in normal cats
    • Galambos, R. and Rupert, A. (1959) Action of the middle ear muscles in normal cats. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31, 349-355.
    • (1959) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.31 , pp. 349-355
    • Galambos, R.1    Rupert, A.2
  • 29
    • 0023083656 scopus 로고
    • Effects of electrical stimulation of medial olivocochlear neurons on ipsilateral and contralateral cochlear responses
    • Gifford, M.L. and Guinan, J.J.Jr. (1987) Effects of electrical stimulation of medial olivocochlear neurons on ipsilateral and contralateral cochlear responses. Hear. Res. 29, 179-194.
    • (1987) Hear. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 179-194
    • Gifford, M.L.1    Guinan J.J., Jr.2
  • 30
    • 0001009449 scopus 로고
    • The ipsilateral acoustic reflex
    • S. Silman (Ed.), Academic Press, Orlando, FL
    • Green, K.W. and Margolis, R.H. (1984) The ipsilateral acoustic reflex. In: S. Silman (Ed.), The Acoustic Reflex, Academic Press, Orlando, FL, pp. 275-299.
    • (1984) The Acoustic Reflex , pp. 275-299
    • Green, K.W.1    Margolis, R.H.2
  • 31
    • 0014090339 scopus 로고
    • Middle-ear characteristics of anesthetized cats
    • Guinan, J.J. and Peake, W.T. (1967) Middle-ear characteristics of anesthetized cats. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 41, 1237-1261.
    • (1967) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.41 , pp. 1237-1261
    • Guinan, J.J.1    Peake, W.T.2
  • 33
    • 0028256060 scopus 로고
    • The role of middle muscles in the development of resistance to noise induced hearing loss
    • Henderson, D., Subramanian, M., Papazian, M. and Spongr, V.P. (1994) The role of middle muscles in the development of resistance to noise induced hearing loss. Hear. Res. 74, 22-28.
    • (1994) Hear. Res. , vol.74 , pp. 22-28
    • Henderson, D.1    Subramanian, M.2    Papazian, M.3    Spongr, V.P.4
  • 34
    • 72849164355 scopus 로고
    • The intratympanic muscle reflex as a protective mechanism against loud impulsive noise
    • Hilding, D.A. (1960) The intratympanic muscle reflex as a protective mechanism against loud impulsive noise. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 60, 51-60.
    • (1960) Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. , vol.60 , pp. 51-60
    • Hilding, D.A.1
  • 35
    • 0018614518 scopus 로고
    • The spectral content of the cochlear microphonic measured in scala media of the guinea pig cochlea
    • Hubbard, A.E., Mountain, D.C. and Geisler, C.D. (1979) The spectral content of the cochlear microphonic measured in scala media of the guinea pig cochlea. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66, 415-430.
    • (1979) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.66 , pp. 415-430
    • Hubbard, A.E.1    Mountain, D.C.2    Geisler, C.D.3
  • 36
    • 0011390241 scopus 로고
    • The threshold of the reflexes of the intratympanic muscles in a normal material examined by means of the impedance method
    • Jepsen, O. (1951) The threshold of the reflexes of the intratympanic muscles in a normal material examined by means of the impedance method. Acta Oto-Laryngol. 39, 406-408.
    • (1951) Acta Oto-Laryngol. , vol.39 , pp. 406-408
    • Jepsen, O.1
  • 37
    • 0022930031 scopus 로고
    • Basilar membrane measurements and the traveling wave
    • Johnstone, B.M., Patuzzi, R. and Yates, G.K. (1986) Basilar membrane measurements and the traveling wave. Hear. Res. 22, 147-153.
    • (1986) Hear. Res. , vol.22 , pp. 147-153
    • Johnstone, B.M.1    Patuzzi, R.2    Yates, G.K.3
  • 39
    • 0022378698 scopus 로고
    • Evoked acoustic emissions and cochlear microphonics in the mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii
    • Kössl, M. and Vater, M. (1985) Evoked acoustic emissions and cochlear microphonics in the mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii. Hear. Res. 19, 157-170.
    • (1985) Hear. Res. , vol.19 , pp. 157-170
    • Kössl, M.1    Vater, M.2
  • 40
    • 0000164953 scopus 로고
    • Strategies for acoustic communication in complex environments
    • F. Huber and H. Markl (Eds.), Springer, Heidelberg
    • Michelsen, A. and Larsen, O.N. (1983) Strategies for acoustic communication in complex environments. In: F. Huber and H. Markl (Eds.), Neuroethology and Behavioral Physiology, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 321-331.
    • (1983) Neuroethology and Behavioral Physiology , pp. 321-331
    • Michelsen, A.1    Larsen, O.N.2
  • 41
    • 0002676101 scopus 로고
    • Biophysical basis of sound communication
    • B. Lewis (Ed.), Academic Press. London
    • Michelsen, A. (1983) Biophysical basis of sound communication. In: B. Lewis (Ed.), Bioacoustics: a Comparative Approach. Academic Press. London, pp. 3-38.
    • (1983) Bioacoustics: A Comparative Approach , pp. 3-38
    • Michelsen, A.1
  • 42
    • 0011483496 scopus 로고
    • Intra-aural muscle contraction in man, examined by measuring acoustic impedance of the ear
    • Møller, A.R. (1958) Intra-aural muscle contraction in man, examined by measuring acoustic impedance of the ear. Laryngoscope 68, 48-62.
    • (1958) Laryngoscope , vol.68 , pp. 48-62
    • Møller, A.R.1
  • 43
    • 0011391101 scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of contraction of the tympanic muscles in man
    • Møller, A.R. (1962a) The sensitivity of contraction of the tympanic muscles in man. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 71, 89-95.
    • (1962) Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. , vol.71 , pp. 89-95
    • Møller, A.R.1
  • 44
    • 0000851226 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic reflex in man
    • Møller. A.R. (1962b) Acoustic reflex in man. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 1524-1534.
    • (1962) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.34 , pp. 1524-1534
    • Møller, A.R.1
  • 45
    • 0001046652 scopus 로고
    • Effect of tympanic muscle activity on movement of the eardrum, acoustic impedance and cochlear microphonics
    • Møller, A.R. (1964) Effect of tympanic muscle activity on movement of the eardrum, acoustic impedance and cochlear microphonics. Acta Otolaryngol. 58, 525-534.
    • (1964) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.58 , pp. 525-534
    • Møller, A.R.1
  • 46
    • 78651178898 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the acoustic impedance of the middle ear and its transmission properties
    • Møller, A.R. (1965) An experimental study of the acoustic impedance of the middle ear and its transmission properties. Acta Otolaryngol. 60, 129-149.
    • (1965) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.60 , pp. 129-149
    • Møller, A.R.1
  • 47
    • 0000256554 scopus 로고
    • The acoustic middle ear muscle reflex
    • Springer, Heidelberg
    • Møller, A.R. (1974) The acoustic middle ear muscle reflex. In: Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Vol. V/1. Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 519-548.
    • (1974) Handbook of Sensory Physiology , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 519-548
    • Møller, A.R.1
  • 48
    • 0001943935 scopus 로고
    • Neurophysiological basis of the acoustic middle-ear reflex
    • S. Silman (Ed.), Academic Press. Orlando, FL
    • Møller, A.R. (1984) Neurophysiological basis of the acoustic middle-ear reflex. In: S. Silman (Ed.), The Acoustic Reflex, Academic Press. Orlando, FL, pp. 1-34.
    • (1984) The Acoustic Reflex , pp. 1-34
    • Møller, A.R.1
  • 49
    • 0022487093 scopus 로고
    • The acoustic middle ear muscle reflex in albino rat
    • Murata, K., Ito, S., Horikawa, J. and Minami, S. (1986) The acoustic middle ear muscle reflex in albino rat. Hear. Res. 23, 169-183.
    • (1986) Hear. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 169-183
    • Murata, K.1    Ito, S.2    Horikawa, J.3    Minami, S.4
  • 50
    • 0016289984 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of the guinea-pig middle ear transfer characteristic
    • Nutall, A.L. (1974) Measurement of the guinea-pig middle ear transfer characteristic. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 1231-1238.
    • (1974) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.56 , pp. 1231-1238
    • Nutall, A.L.1
  • 51
    • 0002671469 scopus 로고
    • How do contractions of the stapedius muscle alter the acoustic properties of the ear?
    • J.B. Allen, J.L. Hall, A. Hubbard, S.T. Neely, and A. Tubis (Eds.), Springer, Berlin
    • Pang, X.D. and Peake, W.T. (1986) How do contractions of the stapedius muscle alter the acoustic properties of the ear?. In: J.B. Allen, J.L. Hall, A. Hubbard, S.T. Neely, and A. Tubis (Eds.), Peripheral Auditory Mechanisms, Springer, Berlin, pp. 36-43.
    • (1986) Peripheral Auditory Mechanisms , pp. 36-43
    • Pang, X.D.1    Peake, W.T.2
  • 52
    • 0023574584 scopus 로고
    • A model of the generation of the cochlear microphonic with nonlinear hair cell transduction and nonlinear basilar membrane mechanics
    • Patuzzi. R.B. (1987) A model of the generation of the cochlear microphonic with nonlinear hair cell transduction and nonlinear basilar membrane mechanics. Hear. Res. 30, 73-82.
    • (1987) Hear. Res. , vol.30 , pp. 73-82
    • Patuzzi, R.B.1
  • 54
    • 0029884683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habituation and sensitization of the acoustic startle response in rats: Amplitude, threshold, and latency measures
    • Pilz, P.K.D. and Schnitzler, H.-U. (1996) Habituation and sensitization of the acoustic startle response in rats: amplitude, threshold, and latency measures. Neurobiol. Learn. Memory 66, 67-79.
    • (1996) Neurobiol. Learn. Memory , vol.66 , pp. 67-79
    • Pilz, P.K.D.1    Schnitzler, H.-U.2
  • 55
    • 0023302739 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic startle threshold of the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus)
    • Pilz, P.K.D., Schnitzler, H.-U. and Menne, D. (1987) Acoustic startle threshold of the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). J. Comp. Psychol. 101, 67-72.
    • (1987) J. Comp. Psychol. , vol.101 , pp. 67-72
    • Pilz, P.K.D.1    Schnitzler, H.-U.2    Menne, D.3
  • 56
    • 0022451894 scopus 로고
    • Mechanosensitivity of mammalian auditory hair sells in vitro
    • Russel, I.J., Richardson, G.P. and Cody, A.R. (1986) Mechanosensitivity of mammalian auditory hair sells in vitro. Nature 321, 517-519.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.321 , pp. 517-519
    • Russel, I.J.1    Richardson, G.P.2    Cody, A.R.3
  • 57
    • 0028091426 scopus 로고
    • Protection from noise-induced hearing loss by prior exposure to a nontraumatic stimulus: Role of the middle ear muscles
    • Ryan, A.F., Bennett, T.M., Woolf, N.K. and Axelsson, A. (1994) Protection from noise-induced hearing loss by prior exposure to a nontraumatic stimulus: role of the middle ear muscles. Hear. Res. 72, 23-28.
    • (1994) Hear. Res. , vol.72 , pp. 23-28
    • Ryan, A.F.1    Bennett, T.M.2    Woolf, N.K.3    Axelsson, A.4
  • 58
    • 0020157458 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of basilar membrane motion in the guinea pig using the Mössbauer technique
    • Sellick, P.M., Patuzzi, R. and Johnstone, B.M. (1982) Measurement of basilar membrane motion in the guinea pig using the Mössbauer technique. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72, 131-141.
    • (1982) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.72 , pp. 131-141
    • Sellick, P.M.1    Patuzzi, R.2    Johnstone, B.M.3
  • 59
    • 0011391102 scopus 로고
    • Middle ear muscle activity at moderate sound levels
    • Simmons, F.B. (1959) Middle ear muscle activity at moderate sound levels. Ann. Otol. 68, 1126-1143.
    • (1959) Ann. Otol. , vol.68 , pp. 1126-1143
    • Simmons, F.B.1
  • 60
    • 0000071090 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual theories of middle ear muscle function
    • Simmons, F.B. (1964) Perceptual theories of middle ear muscle function. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 73, 724-740.
    • (1964) Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. , vol.73 , pp. 724-740
    • Simmons, F.B.1
  • 61
    • 0016732769 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral control of acoustic signals in the auditory system of echolocation bats
    • Suga, N. and Jen, P.H.S. (1975) Peripheral control of acoustic signals in the auditory system of echolocation bats. J. Exp. Biol. 62, 277-311.
    • (1975) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.62 , pp. 277-311
    • Suga, N.1    Jen, P.H.S.2
  • 62
    • 0000450772 scopus 로고
    • The space-time pattern of the cochlear microphonics (guinea pig), as recorded by differential electrodes
    • Tasaki, I., Davis, H. and Legouix, J.-P. (1952) The space-time pattern of the cochlear microphonics (guinea pig), as recorded by differential electrodes. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 502-519.
    • (1952) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.24 , pp. 502-519
    • Tasaki, I.1    Davis, H.2    Legouix, J.-P.3
  • 63
    • 84948010478 scopus 로고
    • Exploration of cochlear potentials in guinea pig with a microelectrode
    • Tasaki, I., Davis, H. and Eldredge, D.H. (1954) Exploration of cochlear potentials in guinea pig with a microelectrode. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 26, 765-773.
    • (1954) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.26 , pp. 765-773
    • Tasaki, I.1    Davis, H.2    Eldredge, D.H.3
  • 64
    • 0011436714 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the tympanic muscle reflexes upon sound transmission
    • Wever. E.G. and Vernon, J.A. (1955) The effect of the tympanic muscle reflexes upon sound transmission. Acta Otolaryngol. 45, 433-439.
    • (1955) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.45 , pp. 433-439
    • Wever, E.G.1    Vernon, J.A.2
  • 65
    • 0025958252 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the crossed acoustic reflex on distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in awake rabbits
    • Whitehead, M.L., Martin, G.K. and Lonsbury-Martin, B.L. (1991) Effects of the crossed acoustic reflex on distortion-product otoacoustic emissions in awake rabbits. Hear. Res. 51, 55-72.
    • (1991) Hear. Res. , vol.51 , pp. 55-72
    • Whitehead, M.L.1    Martin, G.K.2    Lonsbury-Martin, B.L.3
  • 66
    • 0011482961 scopus 로고
    • Acoustic-reflex adaptation
    • S. Silman (Ed.), Academic Press, Orlando, FL
    • Wilson, R.H., Shanks, J.E. and Lilly. D.J. (1984) Acoustic-reflex adaptation. In: S. Silman (Ed.), The Acoustic Reflex, Academic Press, Orlando, FL, pp. 329-386.
    • (1984) The Acoustic Reflex , pp. 329-386
    • Wilson, R.H.1    Shanks, J.E.2    Lilly, D.J.3
  • 67
    • 0016608711 scopus 로고
    • The role of the stapedius reflex in poststimulatory auditory fatigue
    • Zakrisson, J.-E. (1975) The role of the stapedius reflex in poststimulatory auditory fatigue. Acta Otolaryngol. 79, 1-10.
    • (1975) Acta Otolaryngol. , vol.79 , pp. 1-10
    • Zakrisson, J.-E.1
  • 68
    • 84907040162 scopus 로고
    • Stapedius reflex and auditory fatigue
    • Zakrisson, J.-E. and Borg, E. (1974) Stapedius reflex and auditory fatigue. Audiology 13, 231-235.
    • (1974) Audiology , vol.13 , pp. 231-235
    • Zakrisson, J.-E.1    Borg, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.