Chronic electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve at high stimulus rates: A physiological and histopathological study

Hearing Research

Volumn 105, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 1-29

  Xu, Jin ^b   Shepherd, Robert K ^a   Millard, Rodney E ^b   Clark, Graeme M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Auditory brainstem response; Cochlear histopathology; Cochlear implant; Cochlear physiology; Electrical stimulation; Electrically evoked auditory brainstem response; Electrode impedance; High stimulus rate

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CAT; COCHLEA PROSTHESIS; COCHLEAR NERVE; ELECTROSTIMULATION; EVOKED BRAIN STEM AUDITORY RESPONSE; HEARING IMPAIRMENT; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ACTION POTENTIALS; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; AUDITORY THRESHOLD; CATS; CELL COUNT; COCHLEA; COCHLEAR IMPLANTS; ELECTRIC STIMULATION; ELECTRODES, IMPLANTED; EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY, BRAIN STEM; HAIR CELLS, INNER; HAIR CELLS, OUTER; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; SCALA TYMPANI; SPIRAL GANGLION; VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE;

EID: 0031106664     PISSN: 03785955     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-5955(96)00193-1     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Abbas, P.J. and Brown, C.J. (1991) Electrically evoked auditory brainstem response: growth of response with current level. Hear. Res. 51, 123-138.
2. Agnew, W.F., McCreery, D.B., Bullara, L.A. and Yuen, T.G.H. (1983) Development and evaluation of safe methods of intracortical and peripheral nerve stimulation. NIH Progress Report October 1. NIH Contract NS-0-2319; Huntington Institute of Applied Medical Research, Pasadena. CA.
3. Agnew, W.F., McCreery, D.B., Yuen, T.G.H. and Bullara, L.A. (1989) Histologic and physiologic evaluation of electrically stimulated peripheral nerve: consideration for the selection of parameters. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 17, 39-60.
4. Agnew, W.F., McCreery, D.B., Yuen, T.G.H. and Bullara, L.A. (1993) MK-801 protects against neuronal injury induced by electrical stimulation. Neuroscience 52, 45-53.
5. Black, R.C., Clark, G.M., O'Leary, S.J. and Walters, C. (1983) Intracochlear electrical stimulation of normal and deaf cats investigated using brainstem response audiometry. Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl. 399, 5-17.
6. Bromm, B. and Frankenhaeuser, B. (1968) Numerical calculation of the response in the myelinated nerve to short symmetrical double pulses. Pflügers Arch. 299, 357-363.
7. Busby, P.A., Tong, Y.C. and Clark, G.M. (1993) The perception of temporal modulations by cochlear implant patients. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 94, 124-131.
8. Clark, G.M. (1977) An evaluation of perscala cochlear electrode implantation techniques. J. Laryngol. Otol. 91, 185-199.
9. Clark, G.M. and Shepherd, R.K. (1984) Cochlear implant round window sealing procedures in cat. An evaluation of autograft and hetrograft materials. Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl. 410, 5-15.
10. Clark, G.M., Cohen, N.L. and Shepherd, R.K. (1991) Surgical and safety consideration of multichannel cochlear implants in children. Ear Hear. Suppl. 4, 14-24.
11. Clark, G.M., Shute, S.A., Shepherd, R.K. and Carter, T.D. (1995) Cochlear implantation: osteoneogenesis, electrode-tissue impedance, and residual hearing. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 104 Suppl. 166, 40-42.
12. Cousillas, H., Patuzzi, R.B. and Johnstone, B.M. (1988) Post-stimulatory effects of direct current stimulation of the cochlea on auditory nerve activity. Hear. Res. 36, 21-40.
13. Dillier, N., Bogli, H. and Spillmann, T. (1992) Digital speech processing for cochlear implants. ORL 54, 299-307.
14. Dodson, H.C., Walliker, J.R., Bannister, L.H., Douek, E.E. and Fourcin, A.J. (1987) Structural effects of short term and chronic extracochlear electrical stimulation on the guinea pig organ of Corti. Hear. Res. 31, 65-78.
15. Don, M. and Eggermont, J.J. (1978) Analysis of the click-evoked brainstem potentials in man using high-pass masking. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 1085-1092.
16. Duckert, L.G. and Miller, J.M. (1982) Acute morphological changes in guinea pig cochlea following electrical stimulation. A preliminary scanning electron microscope study. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 91, 33-40.
17. Evans, E.F. and Elberling, C. (1982) Location-specific components of the gross cochlear action potential. Audiology 21, 204-227.
18. Hall, R.D. (1990) Estimation of surviving spiral ganglion cells in the deaf rat using the electrically evoked auditory brainstem response. Hear. Res. 45, 123-136.
19. Hartmann, R., Topp, G. and Klinke, R. (1984) Discharge pattern of cat primary auditory fibers with electrical stimulation of the cochlea. Hear. Res. 13, 47-62.
20. Hartshorn, D.O., Miller, J.M. and Altschuler, R.A. (1991) Protective effect of electrical stimulation in the deafened guinea pig cochlea. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 104, 311-319.
21. Javel, E., Tong, Y.C., Shepherd, R.K., and Clark, G.M. (1987) Response of cat auditory nerve fibras to biphasic electrical current pulses. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 96 Suppl. 128, 26-30.
22. Johnsson, L.-G., House, W.F. and Linthicum, F.H. (1982) Otopathological findings in a patient with bilateral cochlear implants. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 91 Suppl. 99, 74-89.
23. Kawano, A., Seldon, H.L. and Clark, G.M. (1996) Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction in human cochlear maps: measurement of the lengths of organ of corti, outer wall, inner wall and Rosenthal's canal. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 105, 701-709.
24. Killian, M.J.P., Klis, S.F.L. and Smoorenburg, G.F. (1994) Adaptation in the compound action potential response of the guinea pig VIIIth nerve to electric stimulation. Hear. Res. 81, 66-82.
25. Knopfel, T. and Gahwiler, B.H. (1992) Activity induced elevations of intracellular calcium concentration in pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells of the CA3 region of rat hippocampal slice cultures. J. Neurophysiol. 68, 961-963.
26. Laszig, R. and Lehnhardt, E. (1994) Soft surgery an improved technique in cochlear implantation. Proc. Inter. Cochlear Implant, Speech and Hearing Symposium, Melbourne, p164.
27. Leake-Jones, P.A. and Rebscher, S.J. (1983) Cochlear pathology with chronically implanted scala tympani electrodes. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 405, 203-223.
28. Leake, P.A., Kessler, D.K. and Merzenich, M.M. (1990) Application and safety of cochlear prostheses. In: W.F. Agnew and D.B. McCreery (Eds.), Neural Prostheses: Fundamental Studies; Prentice Hall, NJ, pp. 253-296.
29. Leake, P.A., Hradek, G.T., Rebscher, S.J. and Snyder, R.L. (1991) Chronic intracochlear electrical stimulation induces selective survival of spiral ganglion neurons in neonatally deafened cats. Hear. Res. 54, 251-271.
30. Lousteau, R.J. (1987) Increased spiral ganglion cell survival in electrically stimulated, deafened guinea pig cochlea. Laryngoscope 97, 836-842.
31. Marsh, R.R., Yamane, H. and Potsic, W.P. (1981) Effect of site of stimulation on the guinea pig's electrically evoked brain stem response. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 89, 125-130.
32. McAnally, K.I., Clark, G.M. and Syka, J. (1993) Hair cell mediated responses of the auditory nerve to electrical stimulation of the cochlea in the cat. Hear. Res. 67, 55-68.
33. McCreery, D.B. and Agnew, W.F. (1983) Changes in extracellular potassium and calcium concentration and neural activity during prolonged electrical stimulation of the cat cerebral cortex at defined charge densities. Exp. Neurol. 79, 371-396.
34. McCreery, D.B., Yuen, T.G.H., Agnew, W.F. and Bullara, L.A. (1992) Stimulation with chronically implanted microelectrodes in the cochlear nucleus of the cat: histologic and physiologic effects. Hear. Res. 62, 42-56.
35. McDermott, H.J., McKay, C.M. and Vandali, A.E. (1992) A new portable sound processor for the University of Melbourne/Nucleus Limited multielectrode cochlear implant. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 3367-3391.
36. Meldrum, B.S. (1983) Metabolic factors during prolonged seizures and their relation to nerve cell death. In: A.V. Delgado-Escueta, C.G. Wasterlain, D.M. Treiman and R.J. Porter (Eds.), Advances in Neurology, Vol. 34, Status Epilepticus, Raven Press, New York, pp. 261-275.
37. Merzenich, M.M. and White, M.W. (1977) Cochlear implant: the interface problem. In: F.T. Hambrecht and J.B. Reswick (Eds.), Functional Electrical Stimulation: Application in Neural Prostheses, Dekker, New York, pp. 321-340.
38. Miller, J., Duckert, L.G., Malone, M.A. and Pfingst, B.E. (1983) Cochlear prostheses: stimulation-induced damage. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 92, 599-609.
39. Mitchell, P.F., Miller, J. and Altschuler, R. (1997) Effects of high rate electrical stimulation on the cochlea and eighth nerve in the deafened guinea pig. Hear. Res. 105, 30-43.
40. Moxon, E.C. (1971) Neural and Mechanical Responses to Electrical Stimulation of the Cats Inner Ear. Ph.D. Dissertation, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
41. Ni, D., Shepherd, R.K., Seldon, H.L., Xu, S.A., Clark, G.M. and Millard, R.E. (1992) Cochlear pathology following chronic electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. I. Normal Hearing Kitten. Hear. Res. 62, 62-81.
42. Olney, J.W., deGubareff, T. and Slovíter, R.S. (1983) Epileptic brain damage in rats induced by sustained electrical stimulation of the perforant path. II. Ultrastructural analysis of acute hippocampal pathology. Brain Res. Bull. 10, 699-712.
43. Patrick, J.F., Seligman, P.M., Money, D.K. and Kuzma, J.A. (1990) Engineering. In: G.M. Clark, Y.C. Tong and J.F. Patrick (Eds.), Cochlear Prostheses, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp. 99-124.
44. Rajan, R., Irvine, D.R.F. and Cassell, J.F. (1991) Normative N1 audiogram data for the barbiturate-anaesthetized domestic cat. Hear. Res. 53, 153-158.
45. Scharfman, H.E. and Schwartzkroin, P.A. (1989) Protection of dentate hilar cells from prolonged stimulation by intracellular calcium chelation. Science, 246, 257-260.
46. Schindler, R.A., Merzenich, M.M., White, M.W. and Bjorkroth, B. (1977) Multi-electrode intracochlear implants. Nerve survival and stimulation patterns. Arch. Otolaryngol. 103, 691-699.
47. Seldon, H.L. (1991) Three-dimensional reconstruction of temporal bone from computed tomographic scans on a personal computer. Arch. Otol. Head Neck Surg. 117, 1158-1161.
48. Shannon, R.V. (1992) Temporal modulation transfer functions in patients with cochlear implants. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 2156-2164.
49. Shepherd, R.K. and Clark, G.M. (1985) Progressive ototoxicity of neomycin monitored using derived brainstem response audiometry. Hear. Res. 18, 105-110.
50. Shepherd, R.K. and Clark, G.M. (1987) Effects of high electrical stimulus intensities on the auditory nerve using brain stem response audiometry. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 96 Suppl. 128, 50-52.
51. Shepherd, R.K., Clark, G.M. and Black, R.C. (1983) Chronic intracochlear electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in cats: physiological and histopathological results. Acta Otolaryngol. Suppl. 399, 19-31.
52. Shepherd, R.K., Franz, B.K.-H.G. and Clark, G.M. (1990a) The biocompatibility and safety of cochlear prostheses. In: G.M. Clark, Y.C. Tong and J.F. Patrick (Eds.), Cochlear Prostheses, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp. 69-98.
53. Shepherd, R.K., Matsushima, J., Millard, R.E., Xu, J., Ni, D.F., Xu, S.A., Clark, G.M., Seldon, H.L., Tong, Y.C. and Patrick, J.F. (1990b) Studies in pediatric auditory prosthesis implants. 13th NIH Progress Report. NIH Contract N0-NS-7-2342. Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia.
54. Shepherd, R.K., Matsushima, J., Millard, R.E. and Clark, G.M. (1991) Cochlear pathology following chronic electrical stimulation using non-charge-balanced stimuli. Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh.) 111, 848-860.
55. Shepherd, R.K., Matsushima, J., Martin, R.L. and Clark, G.M. (1994a) Cochlear pathology following chronic electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve. II. Neonatally deafened kittens. Hear. Res. 81, 150-166.
56. Shepherd, R.K., Xu, J., Millard, R.E. and Clark, G.M. (1994b) Chronic electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve at high stimulus rates: preliminary results. Aust. J. Otolaryng. 1, 453.
57. Shepherd, R.K., Xu, J. and Clark, G.M. (1994c) Physiological and histopathological response of the cochlea to chronic electrical stimulation of the auditoy nerve at high stimulus rates. 2nd European Symposium Paediatric Cochlear Implantation, Montpellier/ La Grande Motte.
58. Shepherd, R.K., Clark, G.M., Xu, S.A. and Pyman, B.C. (1995) Cochlear pathology following reimplantation of a multichannel scala tympani electrode array in the macaque. Am. J. Otol. 16, 186-199.
59. Shute, S.A. (1990) The Cause of Osteogenesis in Cochlear Implantation and its Effects on Current Distribution. B.Med.Sci. Dissertation, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
60. Siesjo, B.K., Bengtsson, F., Grampp, W. and Theander, S. (1989) Calcium, excitotoxins and neural death in the brain. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 568, 234-251.
61. Simmons, F.B. (1967) Permanent intracochlear electrodes in cats. Tissue tolerance and cochlear rmcrophonics. Laryngoscope 77, 171-186.
62. Sloviter, R.S. (1983) Epileptic brain damage in rats induced by sustained electrical stimulation of the perforant path. I. Acute electrophysiological and light microscope studies. Brain Res. Bull. 10, 675-697.
63. Sokoloff, L. (1993) Sites and mechanisms of function-related changes in energy metabolism in the nervous system. Dev. Neurosci. 15, 194-206.
64. Stypulkowski, P.H., van den Honert, C. and Kvistad, S.D. (1986) Electrophysiological evaluation of the cochlear implant patient. Otol. Clin. N.Am. 19, 249-257.
65. Sutton, D. and Miller, J.M. (1983) Cochlear implant effects on the spiral ganglion. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 92, 53-58.
66. Tong, Y.C., Clark, G.M., McDermott, H.J., Harrison, J.M., Blamey, P.J. and Patrick J.F. (1990) Future directions. In: G.M. Clark, Y.C. Tong and J.F. Patrick (Eds.), Cochlear Prostheses. Churchill Livingstone, London.
67. Tykocinski, M., Shepherd, R.K. and Clark, G.M. (1995a) Reduction in excitability of the auditory nerve following electrical stimulation at high stimulus rates. Hear. Res. 88, 124-142.
68. Tykocinski, M., Shepherd, R.K. and Clark, G.M. (1995b) Electrophysiological effects following acute intracochlear direct current stimulation of the guinea pig cochlea. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 104 Suppl 166, 68-71.
69. Van den Honert, C. and Stypulkowski, P.H. (1986) Characterisation of the electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) in cats and humans. Hear. Res. 21, 109-126.
70. Van den Honert, C. and Stypulkowski, P.H. (1984) Physiological properties of the electrically stimulated auditory nerve. II. Single fibre recordings. Hear. Res. 14, 225-243.
71. Walsh, S.M. and Leake-Jones, P.A. (1982) Chronic electrical stimulation of auditory nerve in cat: physiological and histological results. Hear. Res. 7, 266-275.
72. Wasterlain, C.G. and Shirasaka, Y. (1994) Seizures, brain damage and brain development. Brain Dev. 4, 279-295.
73. Wasterlain, C.G., Fujikawa, D.G., Penix, L. and Sankar, R. (1993) Pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage from status epilepticus. Epilepsia 34 Suppl. 1, S37-S53.
74. Wilson, B.S., Finley, C.C., Lawson, D.T., Wolford, R.D., Eddington, D.K. and Rabinowitz, W.M. (1991) New level of speech recognition with cochlear implants. Nature 352, 236-238.
75. Wilson, B.S., Lawson, D.T., Zerbi, M. and Finley, C.C. (1993) Recent developments with the CIS strategies. NIH Progress Report February 1. NIH Contract NO1-DC-2-2401; Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
76. Yarowsky, P.J. and Ingvar, P.H. (1981) Neuronal activity and energy metabolism. Fed. Proc. 40, 2353-2362.
77. Zappia, J.J., Niparko, J.K., Oviatt, D.L., Kemink, J.L. and Altschuler, R.A. (1991) Evaluation of the temporal bones of a multichannel cochlear implant patient. Ann. Otol. Rhinol. Laryngol. 100, 914-921.