The perception of flicker on raster-scanned displays

Human Factors

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 48-66

  Thomson, W David ^a   Saunders, John ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISPLAY DEVICES; EYE MOVEMENTS; FLICKERING;

FLICKER FUSION FREQUENCY (FFF); RASTER SCANNED DISPLAYS; ROLLING FLICKER THRESHOLD FREQUENCY (RFTF);

VISION;

ADULT; ARTICLE; EYE MOVEMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; OPTOMETRY; RETINA IMAGE; VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT; VISUAL STIMULATION;

EID: 0031106019     PISSN: 00187208     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1518/001872097778940623     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Addams, R. (1834). An account of a peculiar optical phenomenon seen after looking at a moving body. London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science (3rd series), 5, 373-374.
2. Bauer, D., Bonacker, M., & Cavonius, C. (1983). Frame repetition rate for flicker-free viewing of bright VDU screens. Displays - Technology and Applications, 4(1) 31-33.
3. Becker, W., & Jurgens, R. (1990). Human oblique saccades: Quantitative analysis of the relation between horizontal and vertical components. Vision Research, 30, 839-920.
4. Brooks, B. A., & Fuchs, A. F. (1975). Influence of stimulus parameters on visual sensitivity during saccadic eye movements. Vision Research, 15, 1389-1398.
5. Brooks, B. A., Yates, J. T., & Coleman, R. D. (1980). Perception of objects moving at saccadic velocities during saccades and during fixation. Experimental Brain Research, 40, 71-78.
6. Cakir, A., Hart, D. J., & Stewart, T. F. M. (1979). Visual display terminals: A manual covering ergonomics, workplace design, health and safety, task organization. New York: Wiley.
7. Campbell, F. W., & Durden, K. (1983). The visual display terminal issue: A consideration of its physiological, psychological and clinical background. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, 3, 167.
8. Chaplin, R., & Freemantle, R. A. (1987). Measurement of perceived flicker in VDU products. Displays - Technology and Applications, 8(1) 22-28.
9. Collewijn, H., Erkelens, C. J., & Steinman, R. M. (1988). Binocular co-ordination of human vertical saccadic eye movements. Journal of Physiology [London], 404, 183-197.
10. Corbett, J. M., & White, T. A. (1976). Visibility of flicker in television pictures. Nature, 261, 689-690.
11. Cynader, M., Berman, N., & Hein, A. (1975). Cats raised in a one directional world: Effects on receptive fields in visual cortex and superior colliculus. Experimental Brain Research, 22, 267-280.
12. Dain, S. J., McCarthy, A. K., & Chan-Ling, T. (1988). Symptoms in VDU operators. American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics, 65(3) 162-167.
13. Dainoff, M. J. (1982). Occupational stress factors in VDT operation: A review of empirical research. Behaviour and Information Technology, 1(2) 141-176.
14. Daw, N. W., & Wyatt, H. J. (1976). Raising rabbits in a unidirectional environment: An attempt to modify directional selectivity in the retina. Journal of Physiology [London], 240, 309-330.
15. DeGroot, J. P., & Kamphuis, A. (1983). Eyestrain in VDU users: Physical correlates and long term effects. Human Factors, 25, 409-413.
16. Dill, A. B., & Gould, J.D. (1970). Flickerless regeneration rates for CRT displays as a function of scan order and phosphor persistence. Human Factors, 12, 465-471.
17. Engstrom, E. W. (1935). A study of television image characteristics. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, 23(4), 295-310.
18. Foster, D. H. (1970a). The response of the human visual system to moving spatially-periodic patterns: Further analysis. Vision Research, 11, 57-81.
19. Foster, D. H. (1970b). Some experiments on the detection of motion by the human visual system and their theoretical interpretation. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of London.
20. Foster, D. H. (1971). A model of the human visual system in its response to certain classes of moving stimuli. Kybernetik, 8, 69-84.
21. Goldstein, A. G. (1957). Judgments of visual velocity as a function of length of observation time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54, 457-461.
22. Gorea, A. (1978). Directional and non-directional coding of a spatio-temporal modulated stimulus. Vision Research, 19, 545-549.
23. Grandjean, E. (1987). Ergonomics in computerized offices. London: Taylor & Francis.
24. Harris, C. S. (1980). Insight or out of sight? Two examples of perceptual plasticity in the human adult. In C. S. Harris (Ed.), Visual coding and adaptability (pp. 95-149). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
25. Helander, M. G., Billingsley, P. A., & Schurik, J. M. (1984). An evaluation of human factors research on VDTs in the workplace. In F. A. Muckler (Ed.), Human factors review (pp. 55-129). Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
26. Howarth, P. A., & Istance, H. O. (1985). The association between visual discomfort and the use of visual display units. Behaviour and Information Technology, 4(2), 131-149.
27. Hubel, D. H., & Wiesel, T. N. (1962). Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex. Journal of Physiology, 160, 106-154.
28. Kalfin, K., & Locke, S. (1971). Evaluation of long term visual motion afterimage following monocular stimulation. Vision Research, 12, 359-361.
29. Kennedy, A., & Murray, W. S. (1993). Flicker on VDU screens. Nature, 365(6443), 213.
30. Läubli, T., & Grandjean, E. (1984). The magic of control groups in VDT field studies. In E. Grandjean (Ed.), Ergonomics and health in modern offices (pp. 112-129). London: Taylor & Francis.
31. Le Grand, Y. (1968). Light, color and vision. London: Chapman & Hall.
32. Levinson, E., & Sekuler, R. (1976). Adaptation alters perceived direction of motion. Vision Research, 16, 779-781.
33. McCollough, C. (1965). Color adaptation of edge detectors in the human visual system. Science, 149, 1115-1116.
34. Mourant, R. R., Lakshmanan, R., & Chantadisai, R. (1981). Visual fatigue and cathode ray tube display terminals. Human Factors, 23, 529-540.
35. Moussaoui, N., & Freivalds, A. (1986). Comparison of eye movements while reading hard copy print and text on visual display terminals. In W. Karwowski (Ed.), Trends in ergonomics/human factors III (pp. 267-275). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
36. Nylén, P. (1985). A light phenomenon perceived when viewing CRT-based VDT screens with positive image. Applied Ergonomics, 16, 82-87.
37. Oohira, A., Goto, K., & Ozawa, T. (1983). Vertical and oblique saccadic eye movements. Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, 27, 631-646.
38. Östberg, O., Shahnavaz, H., & Stenberg, R. (1987). CRT flicker and scan-line direction. Displays - Technology and Applications, 8(2), 75-78.
39. Sekuler, R., & Ganz, L. (1963) Aftereffect of seen motion with a stabilized retinal image. Science, 139, 419-420.
40. Sperling, G. (1971). Flicker in computer-generated visual displays: Selecting a CRO phosphor and other problems. Behavioural Research Methods and Instrumentation, 3(3), 151-153.
41. Stromeyer, C. F. (1978). Form-color aftereffects in human vision. In R. Held, H. Leibowitz, & H. L. Teuber (Eds.), Handbook of sensory physiology: Vol. VIII. Perception (pp. 97-142). New York: Springer-Verlag.
42. Thomson, W. D. (1985). Flicker on raster scanned displays as a function of field scan direction. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, City University, London.
43. Turnage, R. E. (1966, May/June). The perception of flicker in cathode ray tube displays. Information Display, 38-52.
44. van der Zee, E., & van der Meulen A. W. (1982). The influence of field repetition frequency on the visibility of flicker on displays. Institute for Perception Research, Annual Progress Report, 17, 76-83.
45. van Nes, F. L., Koenderink, J. J., & Bouman, M. A. (1967). Spatio-temporal modulation transfer in the human eye. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 57, 1082-1088.
46. Volkmann, F. C., Riggs, L. A., & Moore, R. K. (1978). Central and peripheral determinants of saccadic suppression: A brief review. In J. W. Senders, D. F. Fisher, & R. A. Monty (Eds.), Eye movements and the higher psychological functions (pp. 35-54). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
47. Volkmann, F. C., Schick, A. M. L., & Riggs, L. A. (1967). Time course of visual inhibition during voluntary saccades. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 58, 562-569.
48. West, D. C., & Boyce, P. R. (1968). The effect of flicker on eye movements. Vision Research, 8, 171-192.
49. Wilkins, A. (1986). Intermittent illumination from visual display units and fluorescent lighting affects movements of the eyes across text. Human Factors, 28, 75-81.
50. Wurtz, R. H. (1969). Comparison of effects of eye movements and stimulus movements on striate cortex neurons of the monkey. Journal of Neurophysiology, 32, 987-994.
51. Yee, R. D., Schiller, V. L., Lim, V., Baloh, F. G., Baloh, R. W., & Honrubia, V. (1985). Velocities of vertical saccades with different eye movement recording methods. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 26, 938-945