1996 vote: The no majority realignment continues

Political Science Quarterly

Volumn 112, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 1-21

  Ladd, Everett Carll ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0031094233     PISSN: 00323195     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2658160     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. 1 For an instructive description of this dimension of the contemporary party and elections system, see Lawrence K. Grossman, The Electronic Republic: Reshaping Democracy in the Information Age (New York: Viking, 1995).
2. 2 Samuel Lubell, The Future of American Politics, 3rd ed. (New York: Harper & Row, 1965), 192.
3. 3 I have discussed many of the distinguishing features of the social group alignment of the postindustrial system in my previous elections articles in the PSQ. See "The Brittle Mandate: Electoral Dealignment and the 1980 Presidential Election," 96 (Spring 1981): 1-25; "On Mandates, Realignments, and the 1984 Presidential Election," 100 (Spring 1985): 1-25; "The 1988 Elections: Continuation of the Post-New Deal System," 104 (Spring 1989): 1-18; "The 1992 Vote for President Clinton: Another Brittle Mandate?," 108 (Spring 1993): 1-28; "The 1994 Congressional Elections: The Realignment Continues," (Spring 1995): 1-23.
4. 3 I have discussed many of the distinguishing features of the social group alignment of the postindustrial system in my previous elections articles in the PSQ. See "The Brittle Mandate: Electoral Dealignment and the 1980 Presidential Election," 96 (Spring 1981): 1-25; "On Mandates, Realignments, and the 1984 Presidential Election," 100 (Spring 1985): 1-25; "The 1988 Elections: Continuation of the Post-New Deal System," 104 (Spring 1989): 1-18; "The 1992 Vote for President Clinton: Another Brittle Mandate?," 108 (Spring 1993): 1-28; "The 1994 Congressional Elections: The Realignment Continues," (Spring 1995): 1-23.
5. 3 I have discussed many of the distinguishing features of the social group alignment of the postindustrial system in my previous elections articles in the PSQ. See "The Brittle Mandate: Electoral Dealignment and the 1980 Presidential Election," 96 (Spring 1981): 1-25; "On Mandates, Realignments, and the 1984 Presidential Election," 100 (Spring 1985): 1-25; "The 1988 Elections: Continuation of the Post-New Deal System," 104 (Spring 1989): 1-18; "The 1992 Vote for President Clinton: Another Brittle Mandate?," 108 (Spring 1993): 1-28; "The 1994 Congressional Elections: The Realignment Continues," (Spring 1995): 1-23.
6. 3 I have discussed many of the distinguishing features of the social group alignment of the postindustrial system in my previous elections articles in the PSQ. See "The Brittle Mandate: Electoral Dealignment and the 1980 Presidential Election," 96 (Spring 1981): 1-25; "On Mandates, Realignments, and the 1984 Presidential Election," 100 (Spring 1985): 1-25; "The 1988 Elections: Continuation of the Post-New Deal System," 104 (Spring 1989): 1-18; "The 1992 Vote for President Clinton: Another Brittle Mandate?," 108 (Spring 1993): 1-28; "The 1994 Congressional Elections: The Realignment Continues," (Spring 1995): 1-23.
7. 3 I have discussed many of the distinguishing features of the social group alignment of the postindustrial system in my previous elections articles in the PSQ. See "The Brittle Mandate: Electoral Dealignment and the 1980 Presidential Election," 96 (Spring 1981): 1-25; "On Mandates, Realignments, and the 1984 Presidential Election," 100 (Spring 1985): 1-25; "The 1988 Elections: Continuation of the Post-New Deal System," 104 (Spring 1989): 1-18; "The 1992 Vote for President Clinton: Another Brittle Mandate?," 108 (Spring 1993): 1-28; "The 1994 Congressional Elections: The Realignment Continues," (Spring 1995): 1-23.
8. 4 I have discussed these developments in a number of earlier publications, especially in American Political Parties: Social Change and Political Response (New York: W. W. Norton, 1970).
9. 5 Daniel Bell, The Coming of Postindustrial Society (New York: Basic Books, 1973). I have elaborated on implications of Bell's underlying argument for the American party and election system and contemporary U.S. politics generally in "The 1994 Congressional Elections: The Realignment Continues," PSQ, 110 (Spring 1995): 3-10.
10. 5 Daniel Bell, The Coming of Postindustrial Society (New York: Basic Books, 1973). I have elaborated on implications of Bell's underlying argument for the American party and election system and contemporary U.S. politics generally in "The 1994 Congressional Elections: The Realignment Continues," PSQ, 110 (Spring 1995): 3-10.
11. 6 Lamar Alexander, The Wall Street Journal, 24 December 1996, A12.
12. 7 I have criticized this dimension of the realignment literature in "Like Waiting For Godot: The Uselessness of Realignment for Understanding Change in Contemporary American Politics" I meant by the title not realignment as major transformation of the party and election system but realignment in the "critical elections" New Deal model. This paper, first presented to the 1989 meeting of the American Political Science Association in Atlanta, was subsequently published in Polity, 22 (Spring 1990): 511-25; and in Byron E. Shafer, ed., The End of Realignment? Atrophy of a Concept and Death of a Phenomenon (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991), chap. 2.
13. 7 I have criticized this dimension of the realignment literature in "Like Waiting For Godot: The Uselessness of Realignment for Understanding Change in Contemporary American Politics" I meant by the title not realignment as major transformation of the party and election system but realignment in the "critical elections" New Deal model. This paper, first presented to the 1989 meeting of the American Political Science Association in Atlanta, was subsequently published in Polity, 22 (Spring 1990): 511-25; and in Byron E. Shafer, ed., The End of Realignment? Atrophy of a Concept and Death of a Phenomenon (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991), chap. 2.
14. 8 See Kenneth Dautrich and Jennifer Necci Dineen, "Media Bias: What Journalists and the Public Say About It," The Public Perspective (October/November 1996): 7-10.
15. 9 The argument that "civic America," or the country's "social capital," is in decline has been variously advanced by a number of observers, most prominently by Robert D. Putnam, "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital," The Journal of Democracy, 6 (January 1995): 65-78; and in a series of articles: "The Strange Disappearance of Civic America," The American Prospect 29 (Winter 1996): 34-48; "Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America," PS: Political Science and Politics 28 (December 1995): 664-683. My colleagues and I have examined these articles and relevant data and reached conclusions that differ sharply from Putnam's. See Ladd, "The Data Just Don't Show Erosion of America's 'Social Capital,'" The Public Perspective 7 (June/July 1996): 1, 5-22; and related articles by other authors in this same issue.
16. 9 The argument that "civic America," or the country's "social capital," is in decline has been variously advanced by a number of observers, most prominently by Robert D. Putnam, "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital," The Journal of Democracy, 6 (January 1995): 65-78; and in a series of articles: "The Strange Disappearance of Civic America," The American Prospect 29 (Winter 1996): 34-48; "Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America," PS: Political Science and Politics 28 (December 1995): 664-683. My colleagues and I have examined these articles and relevant data and reached conclusions that differ sharply from Putnam's. See Ladd, "The Data Just Don't Show Erosion of America's 'Social Capital,'" The Public Perspective 7 (June/July 1996): 1, 5-22; and related articles by other authors in this same issue.
17. 9 The argument that "civic America," or the country's "social capital," is in decline has been variously advanced by a number of observers, most prominently by Robert D. Putnam, "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital," The Journal of Democracy, 6 (January 1995): 65-78; and in a series of articles: "The Strange Disappearance of Civic America," The American Prospect 29 (Winter 1996): 34-48; "Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America," PS: Political Science and Politics 28 (December 1995): 664-683. My colleagues and I have examined these articles and relevant data and reached conclusions that differ sharply from Putnam's. See Ladd, "The Data Just Don't Show Erosion of America's 'Social Capital,'" The Public Perspective 7 (June/July 1996): 1, 5-22; and related articles by other authors in this same issue.
18. 9 The argument that "civic America," or the country's "social capital," is in decline has been variously advanced by a number of observers, most prominently by Robert D. Putnam, "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital," The Journal of Democracy, 6 (January 1995): 65-78; and in a series of articles: "The Strange Disappearance of Civic America," The American Prospect 29 (Winter 1996): 34-48; "Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America," PS: Political Science and Politics 28 (December 1995): 664-683. My colleagues and I have examined these articles and relevant data and reached conclusions that differ sharply from Putnam's. See Ladd, "The Data Just Don't Show Erosion of America's 'Social Capital,'" The Public Perspective 7 (June/July 1996): 1, 5-22; and related articles by other authors in this same issue.
19. 10 A small proportion of respondents (for example, Mormons) really aren't Protestant or Catholic Christians, but most "other Christians" belong to new, nondenominational churches.
20. 11 For a further discussion of the party identification data from the Roper Center/Media Studies Center surveys, see Kenneth Dautrich, "Partisan Instability in the 1996 Campaign," The Public Perspective (October/November 1996): 52-54.
21. 12 I have discussed gender differences in contemporary politics in a number of other publications. See, in particular, Everett C. Ladd, "Media Framing of the Gender Gap," in Women, Media, and Politics, Pippa Norris, ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 113-128.